ファイルシステム

This page is a translated version of the page Filesystem and the translation is 33% complete.

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Resources

Wikipedia

A filesystem is a means to organize data expected to be retained after a program terminates by providing procedures to store, retrieve, and update data as well as manage the available space on the device(s) which contain it.

Linux has a few dozen filesystems available, each with their own advantages and disadvantages when considering a particular use case.

ファイルシステム

General information

• アクセス・コントロール・リスト ガイド
• ファイルシステムのセキュリティ

ディスクファイルシステム

• bcachefs - A next generation, robust, high performance filesystem supporting CoW (Copy-on-write), compression, and encryption.
• eCryptfs - The enterprise cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
• efivarfs - The EFI file system
• ext4 - The default, GPL licensed journaling filesystem for many Linux distributions.
• FAT - The File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem. Originally created for use with Microsoft Windows.
• JFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit Journaled File System (JFS) developed by IBM.
• Btrfs - A copy-on-write B-tree file system (Btrfs) with advanced features (an entirely open source licensed ZFS alternative).
• NTFS - Microsoft Windows' New Technology File System (NTFS) (Windows' default filesystem).
• Aufs - Advanced multi-layered unification file system (Aufs), formerly known as Another union file system.
• OverlayFS - The only union-like filesystem built-in to the Linux kernel.
• ReiserFS - Version 3 of the ReiserFS filesystem.
• Reiser4 - Version 4 of ReiserFS filesystem. Currently not implemented in the mainline Linux kernel.
• SquashFS - A compressed, read-only file system for Linux
• UDF - Universal Disk Format - needed for mounting some kind of .iso files
• UFS - The Unix File System (UFS) also called the Berkeley Fast File System.
• XFS - A GPL licensed, 64-bit journaling filesystem created by Silicon Graphics.
• ZFS - A CDDL (non-GPL compatible) licensed, copy-on-write filesystem created by Sun Microsystems.
• F2FS - A Flash-Friendly File System (F2FS) created by Samsung for the Linux kernel.

仮想ファイルシステム

• debugfs - Used for debugging purposes; primarily Linux kernel development.
• procfs - Used to output and change of system and process information.
• securityfs - Used by the TPM BIOS character driver and IMA, an integrity provider.
• sysfs - Used to output information about and to configure devices and drivers.
• tmpfs - Used to store files in memory (RAM).
• devtmpfs - udev requires devtmpfs (Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev) in the kernel.

ネットワークファイルシステム

• Ceph - A distributed object store and filesystem designed to provide excellent performance, reliability, and scalability.
• NFS - A common Linux network file system protocol.
• SSHFS - Implements FUSE to mount filesystems in user space.
• Tahoe-LAFS - A Least Authority File Store (LAFS).
• GlusterFS - A powerful network/cluster filesystem.

FUSE-based filesystems

• CurlFtpFS - File system for accessing FTP hosts based on FUSE.
• exFAT - A FUSE filesystem for the extended FAT filesystem.
• FuseISO - FUSE module to mount ISO filesystem images.
• MTPfs - A FUSE filesystem providing access to Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) devices.
• smbnetfs - A FUSE filesystem for SMB shares.
• squashfuse - Mount SquashFS archives using FUSE.

Usage

Mounting

Filesystems can be mounted in several ways:

• mount - The command used to manually mount filesystems. Requires administrative privileges or entries in /etc/fstab.
• /etc/fstab - Contains descriptive information about the filesystems the system can mount.
• Removable media - Mount on file demand.
• Udevil - A small auto-mount utility with little dependencies.
• AutoFS - Automatic mount on file access.

See also

• bcache - A Linux kernel block layer cache.
• FUSE - File system in User Space (FUSE).

External resources

• Linux Sea, by Sven Vermeulen, chapter about filesystems
• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/File_systems