Filesystem/ko

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This page is a translated version of the page Filesystem and the translation is 20% complete.
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파일 시스템은 데이터 정리 결과를 의미하며, 프로그램의 프로시저를 통해 데이터를 저장할 수 있는 장치의 남은 공간을 관리하면서 이곳에 저장하고, 전달하고, 데이터를 업데이트한 후 프로그램을 끝낸 상태에서 데이터를 유지하는 공간입니다.

리눅스에는 여러가지 파일 시스템이 있으며 각 파일 시스템의 활용을 고려했을 때 장점과 단점이 있습니다.

파일 시스템

일반 정보

Flash memory filesystems

The following flash memory filesystems are designed to be used on embedded flash memory known as MTDs; they are not intended to be used for USB based flash drives, SD cards, or other types of removable flash block devices.

Name Userspace package Description
JFFS2 Journalling Flash File System version 2.
YAFFS sys-fs/yaffs2utils Yet Another Flash File System.


디스크 파일 시스템

Name Userspace package Description
bcachefs sys-fs/bcachefs-tools A next generation, robust, high performance filesystem that supports native tiering, copy-on-write, compression, and encryption.
btrfs sys-fs/btrfs-progs A copy-on-write B-tree file system (btrfs) with advanced features.
Cramfs sys-fs/cramfs A memory and space sensitive compressed filesystem that supports random reading. It avoids the block device layer and usefulness in tiny embedded systems with very tight memory constraints.
eCryptfs sys-fs/ecryptfs-utils The enterprise cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
efivarfs A (U)EFI variable filesystem[1]
exFAT sys-fs/exfatprogs Extensible File Allocation Table (exFAT) filesystem by Microsoft, natively supported since Linux 5.7[2]
ext4 sys-fs/e2fsprogs The default, GPL licensed journaling filesystem for many Linux distributions.
F2FS sys-fs/f2fs-tools A Flash-Friendly File System (F2FS) created by Samsung for the Linux kernel.
FAT sys-fs/dosfstools The File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem. Originally created for use with Microsoft Windows.
GFS2 Global File System 2: A shared disk filesystem. Typically used in compute clusters.
HFS sys-fs/hfsutils Hierarchical File System (HFS). Originally created for use with the Macintosh System Software, later renamed to Mac OS (Classic).
HFS+ sys-fs/hfsplusutils The successor to HFS, introduced in Mac OS 8.1 and default filesystem for Mac OS X until macOS 10.12 Sierra.
JFS sys-fs/jfsutils A GPL licensed, 64-bit Journaled File System (JFS) developed by IBM.[3]
NILFS sys-fs/nilfs-utils A log-structured file system implementation for the Linux kernel.
NTFS Microsoft Windows' New Technology File System (NTFS) (Windows' default filesystem).
OCFS2 Oracle Cluster File System version 2.
OverlayFS The only union-like filesystem built-in to the Linux kernel.
ReiserFS sys-fs/reiserfsprogs Version 3 of the ReiserFS filesystem. Scheduled for removal from the kernel in 2025.
SquashFS sys-fs/squashfs-tools, sys-fs/squashfs-tools-ng A compressed, read-only file system for Linux[4]
UDF sys-fs/udftools Universal Disk Format - needed for mounting some kind of .iso files
UFS The Unix File System (UFS) also called the Berkeley Fast File System.
XFS sys-fs/xfsprogs A GPL licensed, 64-bit journaling filesystem created by Silicon Graphics.[5]
ZFS sys-fs/zfs A CDDL (non-GPL compatible) licensed, copy-on-write filesystem created by Sun Microsystems[6].

가상 파일 시스템

Virtual filesystems, also called pseudo filesystems, are for storing temporary data in memory while the system is running.

Name Userspace package Description
debugfs Used for debugging purposes; primarily Linux kernel development.
procfs Used to output and change of system and process information.
securityfs Used by the TPM BIOS character driver, AppArmor and IMA, an integrity provider.[7]
sysfs Used to output information about and to configure devices and drivers.
tmpfs Used to store files in memory (RAM).
devtmpfs udev requires devtmpfs (Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev) in the kernel.

네트워크 파일 시스템

Name Userspace package Description
Ceph sys-cluster/ceph A distributed object store and filesystem designed to provide excellent performance, reliability, and scalability.
GlusterFS sys-cluster/glusterfs A powerful network/cluster filesystem.
NFS net-fs/nfs-utils A common Linux network file system protocol.
Samba net-fs/samba A re-implementation of the SMB/CIFS networking protocol.

FUSE 기반 파일 시스템

Name Userspace package Description
CurlFtpFS net-fs/curlftpfs File system for accessing FTP hosts based on FUSE.
FuseISO sys-fs/fuseiso FUSE module to mount ISO filesystem images.
MTPfs sys-fs/mtpfs A FUSE filesystem providing access to Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) devices.
smbnetfs net-fs/smbnetfs A FUSE filesystem for SMB shares.
SSHFS net-fs/sshfs Implements FUSE to mount filesystems in user space.
squashfuse sys-fs/squashfuse Mount SquashFS archives using FUSE.

사용법

마운트

파일 시스템은 여러가지 방식으로 마운트할 수 있습니다:

  • mount - 직접 파일 시스템을 마운트할 때 활용하는 명령어입니다. 관리 권한을 갖추거나 /etc/fstab에 항목을 넣으면 됩니다.
  • /etc/fstab - 시스템에서 마운트할 수 있는 파일 시스템을 자세하게 알려주는 정보가 들어있습니다.
  • Removable media - 파일을 요청할 때마다 마운트합니다.
  • Udevil - 적은 의존성을 지닌 소규모 자동 마운트 유틸리티.
  • AutoFS - 파일에 접근할 때 자동으로 마운트합니다.

추가 참조

  • bcache - 리눅스 커널 블록 계층 캐시.
  • FUSE - 사용자 영역 파일 시스템(FUSE).

외부 자료

참고 자료