KDE
"KDE" é um ambiente de trabalho gráfico poderoso para as estações de trabalho Unix.
O suporte do Gentoo para o projeto KDE é excelente, com compreensíveis pacotes KDE Frameworks 5, Plasma 5 e Applications 5, bem como uma grande variedade de outros softwares baseados no KDE.
Contents
Pré-requisitos
Perfil
Choosing an appropriate profile, although not required, is recommended as it sets a number of global and package-specific USE flags to ease installation and ensure a smooth KDE experience.
In order to choose the most suitable profile, first list what's available:
root #eselect profile list[1] default/linux/amd64/13.0 [2] default/linux/amd64/13.0/selinux [3] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop [4] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome [5] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome/systemd [6] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma [7] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma/systemd ...
Then, select the right profile, substituting X with the appropriate profile number:
root #eselect profile set XFor Plasma 5 desktop environment choose desktop/plasma with OpenRC or desktop/plasma/systemd with systemd.
Serviços
Before installing KDE related software it is recommended that several other services are set up first. Part of that is done automatically if a desktop/plasma or desktop profile is used. These services are:
- D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
- polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
- udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
- udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.
Follow the links for information how to set up these services. Note that other USE flag combinations than set in this profile may technically be possible (especially if selected applications are run instead of a full KDE Plasma desktop environment), but may be unsupported, untested, or lead to unexpected loss of functionality.
O Servidor X
Leia e siga as instruções no artigo servidor X para configurar o ambiente X.
Plasma
O Plasma 5 é a geração atual do ambiente de trabalho do KDE, baseado no Qt 5 e no KDE Frameworks 5.
Versões disponíveis
| KDE | Gentoo | Repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Plasma 5.8.5 LTS | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.8.5 | gentoo | Stable for amd64 and x86; Testing for arm |
| KDE Plasma 5.8.6 LTS | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.8.6 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm and x86 |
| KDE Plasma 5.8 stable branch | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.8.49.9999 | kde overlay | Live version |
| KDE Plasma 5.9.3 | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.9.3 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm and x86 |
| KDE Plasma 5.9 stable branch | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.9.49.9999 | kde overlay | Live version |
| KDE Plasma master branch | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-9999 | kde overlay | Live version |
Upgrade from Plasma 4
Informações sobre como atualizar do Plasma 4, migração e solução de problemas podem ser encontradas na página para atualização.
Instalação
The kde-plasma/plasma-meta package provides the full Plasma 5 suite, configured by the following USE flags:
USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 5 packages
crypt
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration | local |
display-manager
|
Pull in a graphical display manager | local |
grub
|
Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub | local |
gtk
|
Enable Breeze widget style and KCM for GTK2 and GTK3 | local |
handbook
|
Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE | global |
legacy-systray
|
Add support for GTK+ applications using legacy xembed systray icons | local |
networkmanager
|
Enable net-misc/networkmanager support | global |
pam
|
Enable support for kwallet auto-unlocking | local |
plymouth
|
Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth | local |
pulseaudio
|
Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management | local |
sddm
|
Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and KCM | local |
sdk
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development | local |
wallpapers
|
Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace | local |
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-metaAlternatively, kde-plasma/plasma-desktop provides the basic desktop, leaving users free to install only the extra packages they require:
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-desktopPlease note that such installations will be missing important packages such as kde-plasma/powerdevil (power management, suspend and hibernate options) and kde-plasma/systemsettings if this alternative installation is used.
Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons package (already pulled in by kde-plasma/plasma-meta):
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addonsDisplay manager
SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via kde-plasma/plasma-meta by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag -sddm for kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Change the setting accordingly in /etc/conf.d/xdm. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.
KWallet auto-unlocking
Many users will be introduced to kde-frameworks/kwallet, Plasma's safe password management, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login. On many systems, there will actually be a second KWallet service present - kde-apps/kwalletd is there to provide the same password storage functions to kdelibs4-based applications. kde-plasma/kwallet-pam provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kwallet-pamIt requires the following setup:
- For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
- Choose same password for login and kwallet
- Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both x11-misc/sddm and x11-misc/lightdm fulfill that requirement:
/etc/pam.d/sddmAdding lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via SDDM-auth optional pam_kwallet5.so -session optional pam_kwallet5.so auto_start # The following two lines will also unlock kwalletd for kdelibs4-based applications -auth optional pam_kwallet.so kdehome=.kde4 -session optional pam_kwallet.so
For LightDM, /etc/pam.d/lightdm needs to be edited instead.
For managing kwallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is kde-apps/kwalletmanager:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanagerFor managing kwallets for kdelibs4-based applications like kopete or kmail:4:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanager:4SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts
ssh-agent scripts are located in /etc/plasma/startup and /etc/plasma/shutdown. The Keychain article provides more information about this.
Applications
Releases consist of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5 as well as Qt 4/KDElibs 4, with the latter still being in long term support mode. In Portage, the distinction is made using slots 4 and 5. Porting is an ongoing process where each major release is making inroads to Frameworks 5, and therefore contains both well matured and newly ported applications. Note that it also means potential dependency conflicts when two packages depend on slot 4 and 5 of the same library that can not be installed at the same time - such packages are dropped from *-meta.
Versões disponíveis
| KDE | Gentoo | Repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Applications 16.08.3 | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-16.08.3 | gentoo | Stable for amd64 and x86 |
| KDE Applications 16.12.2 | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-16.12.2 | gentoo | Testing for amd64 and x86 |
| KDE Applications 16.12 stable branch | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-16.12.49.9999 | kde overlay | Live version |
| KDE Applications master branch | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-9999 | kde overlay | Live version |
KDE Applications is divided in the following meta packages:
| Package name | Description |
|---|---|
| kde-apps/kdeaccessibility-meta | Accessibility applications and utilities. |
| kde-apps/kdeadmin-meta | Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system. |
| kde-apps/kdecore-meta | Basic applications such as file browser, editor, terminal emulator. |
| kde-apps/kdeedu-meta | Educational applications and games. |
| kde-apps/kdegames-meta | Standard desktop games. |
| kde-apps/kdegraphics-meta | Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc. |
| kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta | Audio and video playback applications and services. |
| kde-apps/kdenetwork-meta | Network applications and VNC services. |
| kde-apps/kdepim-meta | PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc. |
| kde-apps/kdesdk-meta | Various development tools. |
| kde-apps/kdeutils-meta | Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc. |
| kde-apps/kdewebdev-meta | Web development tools. |
Installation
The kde-apps/kde-apps-meta package provides the full Applications bundle, but alternatively, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kde-apps-metaLocalization
While Frameworks and Plasma are shipping their translations per-package, localization of KDE Applications is provided via separate *-l10n packages. The nls USE flag is enabled by default for linux profiles, and it is used by KDE Applications meta packages to pull in the necessary dependencies.
If only a select few languages are desired, define the L10N variable in /etc/portage/make.conf. E.g. to use the German language, set:
/etc/portage/make.confSetting the L10N variable for the German languageL10N="de"
To manually install these localization packages instead, use the following (complete) list or pick as desired:
root #emerge --ask kde-l10n kde4-l10n kdepim-l10nWhile the first two contain translations for the majority of KDE Applications (slot 5 and 4), the latter directly corresponds to - and is only relevant to users of - kde-apps/kdepim-meta or its related packages.
KDE PIM
Available versions
In Portage, three variants of the KDE Personal Information Management (KDE PIM) suite (including kde-apps/kmail, kde-apps/kontact, and kde-apps/korganizer) are available.
| KDE | Gentoo | Repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE PIM 4.4.2016.01 | kde-apps/kdepim-meta-4.4.2016.01 | gentoo | Stable for amd64 and x86 |
| KDE PIM 4.14.11_pre20160211 | kde-apps/kdepim-meta-4.14.11_pre20160211 | gentoo | Stable for amd64 and x86 |
| KDE PIM 16.12.2 | kde-apps/kdepim-meta-16.12.2 | gentoo | Testing for amd64 and x86 |
KDE PIM 4.14.11 and earlier
At the time of writing, the current stable version range is at 4.14.11, which includes an Akonadi-based kmail (also known as kmail2) and is still based on Qt 4/KDElibs 4.
In addition, a "noakonadi fork" is available as version 4.4.2016.01 (also known as kmail1). Adding a mask file to /etc/portage/package.mask is necessary to get it:
root #wget https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/kde.git/plain/Documentation/package.mask/kdepim-4.7 -O /etc/portage/package.mask/kdepim-4.7Both variants are beginning to conflict with newer versions of packages. Adding certain per-package USE flag settings can solve some conflicts currently:
/etc/portage/package.use/kdepim-4>=app-crypt/gpgme-1.8.0 -cxx -qt5 app-office/kmymoney:4 pim >=kde-apps/kwalletd-16.04.3-r1 -gpg >=kde-frameworks/kwallet-5.29.0-r1 -gpg
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kdepim-metaKDE PIM 16.12 and later
The latest upstream release based on Qt 5/KF 5 remains testing until it is deemed suitable for stable use, but testing is appreciated.
Most, but not all of the codebase has been ported from dev-qt/qtwebkit to dev-qt/qtwebengine which is based on Chromium's Blink. By default, this package sets and uses the system-ffmpeg USE flag, which comes down to a media-video/ffmpeg package dependency, so users preferring media-video/libav for the rest of their system will need to switch off that USE flag.
Unfortunately, not all of the KDE Applications are compatible yet, with some packages still depending on Qt 4/KDElibs 4 based parts that can not be installed with modern KDE PIM at the same time. That includes kde-apps/kopete, kde-apps/klinkstatus, and possibly other packages outside of the kde-apps category. By default, these packages are no longer installed by kde-apps/kde-apps-meta.
The following commands will deselect any packages from world that would still depend on these conflicting packages:
root #equery -q d kde-apps/kdepim-common-libs | sed -e "s/-[0-9].*//" | xargs emerge --deselect
root #equery -q d kde-apps/kdepimlibs | sed -e "s/-[0-9].*//" | xargs emerge --deselect
root #equery -q d kde-apps/akonadi | sed -e "s/-[0-9].*//" | xargs emerge --deselectThis requires app-portage/gentoolkit to be installed. The Gentoolkit article provides more information about this useful utility.
Some conflicts with older packages may be solved by adding per-package USE flag settings:
/etc/portage/package.use/kdepim-16.12app-accessibility/simon -pim app-office/calligra:4 -pim kde-apps/kget:4 -gpg <=kde-apps/kwalletd-16.04.3:4 -gpg kde-apps/pykde4 -akonadi kde-misc/tellico:4 -addressbook
With all that prepared, KDE PIM is ready to be installed:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kdepim-metakdesu5
The utility that is used to run GUI programs as root is provided by kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools. If built with USE flag kdesu, a graphical frontend to kde-frameworks/kdesu is installed, which can be used by invoking kdesu5.
As always, ensure that the command actually needs to run as root, versus adding the regular user to the relevant groups or simply just running the command unprivileged.
Frameworks
KDE Frameworks 5 is a collection of libraries and software frameworks that provide the foundation for KDE Plasma 5 and KDE Applications 5, but may be leveraged by any Qt application.
As Frameworks are mostly libraries and provide little user functionality, it's not necessary to install them manually - the required packages will be pulled in automatically as dependencies.
Versões disponíveis
| KDE | Gentoo | Repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Frameworks 5.29.0 | kde-frameworks/*-5.29.0 | gentoo | Stable for amd64 and x86; Testing for arm |
| KDE Frameworks 5.31.0 | kde-frameworks/*-5.31.0 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm and x86 |
| KDE Frameworks master branch | kde-frameworks/*-9999 | kde overlay | Live version |
Mais softwares KDE
The most important KDE applications are in the Gentoo repository and many are located in the kde-apps and kde-misc categories.
Veja também
- KDE troubleshooting - An extended article on troubleshooting KDE.
- KDE overlay - Instructions on adding Gentoo's KDE overlay.
- KDE removal and clean up - Instructions on removing and cleaning up KDE.
- kde-sunset overlay - For old KDE versions that have been removed from the main tree.