KDE

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KDE es una comunidad de software libre, que produce una amplia gama de aplicaciones, incluyendo el conocido entorno de escritorio Plasma.

El soporte para KDE en Gentoo es excelente, con un empaquetado completo de KDE Frameworks 5, Plasma 5 y aplicaciones de KDE 5, así como una amplia gama de programas diversos basados en KDE.

Requisitos previos

Perfil

Importante
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.

Advertencia
Read the systemd documentation before changing to a systemd profile.

La elección de un perfil adecuado es recomendable aunque no obligatorio ya que establece una serie de parámetros USE, tanto globales como para programas específicos, que facilitan la instalación y garantizan una experiencia de KDE sin problemas.

Con el fin de elegir el perfil más adecuado, primero liste los que están disponibles:

root #eselect profile list

  ...
  [1]   default/linux/amd64/17.1 (stable)
  [2]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/selinux (stable)
  [3]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/hardened (stable)
  [4]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/hardened/selinux (stable)
  [5]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop (stable)
  [6]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/gnome (stable)
  [7]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/gnome/systemd (stable)
  [8]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/plasma (stable)
  [9]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/plasma/systemd (stable)
  ...

A continuación, seleccione el perfil adecuado, sustituyendo X con el número del perfil correspondiente:

root #eselect profile set X

Para un completo entorno de escritorio KDE, se recomienda utilizar el perfil desktop/plasma, que se adapta para su uso con OpenRC. Si se usa systemd, elija desktop/kde/systemd en su lugar. Para un entorno de escritorio Plasma 5 elija desktop/plasma con OpenRC o desktop/plasma/systemd con systemd. Nótese que otra combinación de USE puede ser técnicamente posible (especialmente si selecciona correr aplicaciones en vez de un entorno plasma completo), pero puede no ser soportado, no testeado o llevar a una inesperada perdida de funcionalidad.

Servicios

Los servicios incorporarán automáticamente las configuraciones predeterminadas, mediante los pasos de instalación de los siguientes capítulos, según la selección de perfil realizada anteriormente, pero aún es necesario configurarlos correctamente antes de iniciar KDE Plasma por primera vez. Para cambiar las configuraciones predeterminadas se recomienda hacerlo antes de instalar KDE Plasma o KDE Release Service y usar emerge ‑‑oneshot para que Portage tenga en cuenta estos cambios. Puede visitar los enlaces para obtener información sobre cómo configurar estos servicios.

Sistema de inicio

Solo debes elegir uno:

elogind: Paquete de inicio de sesión predeterminado para desktop/plasma extraído del proyecto de systemd para usarlo com OpenRC u otros sistemas de inicio.
systemd: Utiliza la parte de seguimiento de sesiones de systemd. Los usuarios de systemd no necesitan realizar ninguna otra acción adicional aquí.

Administrador de dispositivos

Solo debes elegir uno:

udev: Habilita la compatibilidad con la nomenclatura dinámica y persistente de dispositivos de udev Linux.
eudev: Bifurcación de udev para una mejor compatibilidad con kernels más antiguos y varias cadenas de herramientas.
systemd Utiliza la parte del administrador de dispositivos de systemd. Los usuarios de systemd no necesitan tomar ninguna otra iniciativa aquí.

Varios

D-Bus: Permite el uso del sistema de bus de mensajes D-Bus.
polkit: Activa el marco polkit para controlar los privilegios de los servicios de todo el sistema.
udisks: Habilita la compatibilidad con algunos servicios relacionados con el almacenamiento.

Servidor X

Lea y siga las instrucciones del artículo X server para configurar el entorno X.

Plasma

Plasma 5 es la actual generación del entorno de escritorio de KDE, basado en Qt 5 y KDE Frameworks 5.

Versiones disponibles

KDE	Gentoo	Ebuild repository	Status
KDE Plasma 5.24.4	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.24.4	gentoo	Stable for amd64, arm64, and x86; testing for arm, ppc64, and riscv
KDE Plasma 5.24.5	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.24.5	gentoo	Stable for amd64, arm64, and x86; testing for arm, ppc64, and riscv
KDE Plasma 5.24 stable branch	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.24.49.9999	KDE	Live version
KDE Plasma 5.25 stable branch	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.25.49.9999	KDE	Live version
KDE Plasma master branch	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-9999	KDE	Live version

Nota
Antes de continuar, asegurese de elegir un plasma profile.

Instalación

El paquetekde-plasma/plasma-meta proporciona la suit completa de Plasma 5, configurada por los siguientes USE flags:

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 5 packages

`accessibility`	Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library)
`bluetooth`	Enable Bluetooth Support
`browser-integration`	Enable integration with Chrome/Firefox with browser extensions
`colord`	Enable kde-plasma/kwin color management via x11-misc/colord
`crash-handler`	Pull in kde-plasma/drkonqi for assisted upstream crash reports
`crypt`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration
`desktop-portal`	Enable sys-apps/xdg-desktop-portal backend implementation for Plasma
`discover`	Pull in resources management GUI; a centralised GHNS alternative and optional sys-apps/fwupd frontend
`display-manager`	Pull in a graphical display manager
`elogind`	Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind
`firewall`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-firewall for system firewall administration
`grub`	Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub
`gtk`	Enable Breeze widget style and system settings module for GTK+
`handbook`	Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE
`kwallet`	Enable support for KWallet auto-unlocking via kde-plasma/kwallet-pam
`legacy-systray`	Add support for legacy applications using kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy
`networkmanager`	Enable net-misc/networkmanager support
`plymouth`	Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth
`pulseaudio`	Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management
`sddm`	Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and system settings module
`sdk`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development
`smart`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-disks for disk health monitoring
`systemd`	Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
`thunderbolt`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-thunderbolt control center module
`wallpapers`	Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2023-01-24 18:40 More information about USE flags

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-meta

Alternatively, kde-plasma/plasma-desktop provides a very basic desktop, leaving users free to install only the extra packages they require - or rather, figure out missing features on their own.

Advertencia
Please note that installing just kde-plasma/plasma-desktop will exclude important packages needed for KDE to function, such as kde-plasma/powerdevil (power management, suspend and hibernate options), kde-plasma/systemsettings, and many more. This package should be used with the understanding that additional KDE packages will need to be installed to ensure a functioning environment. Do not expect support when using this package.

Gestor de pantallas

SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via kde-plasma/plasma-meta by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag -sddm for kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Change the setting accordingly in /etc/conf.d/display-manager. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.

Sin gestor de pantallas

Plasma can be started the old-fashioned way with startx, but extra care needs to be taken to ensure it gets a valid session.

ARCHIVO ~/.xinitrc

#!/bin/sh
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-x11

When using Wayland, Plasma can be launched with dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-wayland

This can be added to a user's profile file which will be executed when logging in:

ARCHIVO ~/.profile

#!/bin/sh
dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-wayland

Widgets

Muchos útiles widgets se encuentran en el paquete kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons (el cuál ya es incluido en kde-plasma/plasma-meta):

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons

Bandeja del sistema

Plasma 5 uses the StatusNotifier specification for systray icons ^[1]. As not all applications have been ported to the new system, some workarounds exist ^[2], and Plasma 5 has a means to convert old xembed-based system tray icons to StatusNotifier icons.

Legacy support is enabled by activating legacy-systray for kde-plasma/plasma-meta, which is pulling in kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy.

ARCHIVO /etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta

# xembed system tray support for legacy applications
kde-plasma/plasma-meta legacy-systray

Pidgin

net-im/pidgin requires x11-plugins/pidgin-indicator. After install, the Ubuntu Indicator plugin can be found under Tools | Plugins.

KWallet

Many users will be introduced to kde-frameworks/kwallet, Plasma's encrypted password storage, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login or adding E-Mail accounts in kde-apps/kmail.

For managing KWallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is kde-apps/kwalletmanager:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanager

Desbloqueo autónomo de KWallet

kde-plasma/kwallet-pam provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kwallet-pam

It requires the following setup:

For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
Choose same password for login and kwallet
Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both x11-misc/sddm and x11-misc/lightdm fulfill that requirement:

ARCHIVO /etc/pam.d/sddmConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via SDDM

-auth           optional        pam_kwallet5.so
-session        optional        pam_kwallet5.so auto_start

Nota
For LightDM, /etc/pam.d/lightdm needs to be edited instead.

Nota
If the filesystem containing your user's KWallet files is mounted by pam_mount upon logging on, you may need to copy ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.salt to the same path on your root filesystem. Otherwise, PAM attempts to unlock KWallet before the home directory is available and fails. The file ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.kwl which actually contains the encrypted KWallet passwords does not need to be copied.

Deshabilitar KWallet

To disable the KWallet subsystem completely, edit the following file:

ARCHIVO ~/.config/kwalletrc

[Wallet]
Enabled=false

SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts

ssh-agent scripts are located in /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/env and /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/shutdown. Shutdown scripts require executable bit set because they are not sourced. The Keychain article provides more information about this.

Non-root user authentication for dialogs

Some KDE dialogs such as printers, adding wireless networks and adding users require administrator authentication. This is handled through sys-auth/polkit and operates independently from app-admin/sudo. By default in Gentoo, the root account is the only administrator, and so even if a user account can run root commands through sudo, authentication in these KDE dialogs will fail.

Adding wireless networks using net-misc/networkmanager is allowed by a polkit rule which is part of the Gentoo package and already allows access for every user in the group plugdev. For other dialogs you need to configure the behavior manually: If you would like all users of the group wheel to be administrators, create a copy of /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-default.rules starting with a number lower than 50, and edit the line return ["unix-user:0"] to the following:

ARCHIVO /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/49-wheel.rulesAdministrator wheel group

polkit.addAdminRule(function(action, subject) {
    return ["unix-group:wheel"];
});

The Polkit wiki page provides more details on rules configuration.

Correr aplicaciones GUI con privilegios root

Advertencia
It could be a very bad idea to start GUI applications with root privileges, versus adding the regular user to the relevant group or simply just running the command unprivileged. Only use kdesu when absolutely necessary.

KDE Plasma has a utility in order to start graphical programs with root privileges. It is provided by kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools - if built with USE flag kdesu, a graphical frontend to kde-frameworks/kdesu is installed. This requires Xorg, and only works within X^[3].

ARCHIVO /etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools

# Build graphical frontend for kde-frameworks/kdesu (requires X)
kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools kdesu X

Remember to rebuild the package to pick up the changes:

root #emerge -1 kde-cli-tools

It can be used by invoking kdesu either from KRunner or a terminal emulator:

user $kdesu <nombre-del-programa>

A message dialog will be displayed prompting for the root password.

Nota
Some applications such as kwrite, dolphin etc. refuse to be opened with kdesu for security reasons.

Nota
By default, kdesu internally uses su, which may not be preferred for some use cases. It is possible to use sudo or other sudo-compatible commands, by changing kdesurc:

ARCHIVO $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/kdesurcUse sudo instead of su in kdesu

[super-user-command]
super-user-command=sudo

Files

KDE uses XDG standard directories to it's configuration for Plasma and it's applications:

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME (defaults to $HOME/.config) - Configuration files of Plasma and KDE apps.
$XDG_DATA_HOME (defaults to $HOME/.local/share) - App data of Plasma and KDE apps.

Removal

Uninstall all packages

A possible way to completely remove Plasma by explicitly the kde-plasma/plasma-meta package and all software depending on it:

root #emerge --ask --depclean --verbose kde-plasma/plasma-meta

Advertencia
This will not just remove Plasma but also all other packages depending on it (unconditionally or through a USE flag dependency), such as e.g. plasma-pass[kde].

Clean up Portage definitions

Look in /etc/portage for any KDE/Plasma specific settings in package.mask, package.unmask, package.keywords and package.accept_keywords and clean up any definitions referring to Plasma packages.

Remove unneeded dependencies

After uninstalling any Plasma packages, make sure to ask Portage to uninstall any leftover dependencies:

root #emerge --ask --depclean

Aplicaciones

Release Service consists of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5.

Versiones disponibles

KDE	Gentoo	Ebuild repository	Status
KDE Gear 21.12.3	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-21.12.3	gentoo	Stable for amd64, arm64, and x86; testing for ppc64
KDE Gear 22.04.1	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-22.04.1	gentoo	Testing for amd64, arm64, ppc64, and x86
KDE Gear 22.04 stable branch	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-22.04.49.9999	KDE	Live version
KDE Gear master branch	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-9999	KDE	Live version

KDE Release Service is divided in the following meta packages:

Package name	Description
kde-apps/kdeaccessibility-meta	Accessibility applications and utilities.
kde-apps/kdeadmin-meta	Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system.
kde-apps/kdecore-meta	Basic applications such as file browser, editor, terminal emulator.
kde-apps/kdeedu-meta	Educational applications and games.
kde-apps/kdegames-meta	Standard desktop games.
kde-apps/kdegraphics-meta	Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc.
kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta	Audio and video playback applications and services.
kde-apps/kdenetwork-meta	Network applications and VNC services.
kde-apps/kdepim-meta	PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc.
kde-apps/kdesdk-meta	Various development tools.
kde-apps/kdeutils-meta	Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc.

Instalación

The kde-apps/kde-apps-meta package provides the full Release Service bundle, but alternatively, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kde-apps-meta

Cambiar el idioma

Plasma-5 and Applications are shipping their localization per-package. Enable your localization in systemsettings.

KDE PIM

KDE PIM is a whole suite of applications to manage personal information including mail, calendar, contacts and more. It has several optional runtime dependencies to extend its functionality:

Virus detection: app-antivirus/clamav
Spam filtering: mail-filter/bogofilter or mail-filter/spamassassin

Frameworks

KDE Frameworks 5 es una colección de bibliotecas y de frameworks que proporcionan la base para KDE Plasma 5 y las aplicaciones de KDE 5, pero pueden ser utilizadas por cualquier aplicación Qt.

Como los frameworks son, en su mayoría, bibliotecas y proporcionan poca funcionalidad de usuario, ello hace que no sea necesaria su instalación de forma manual —los paquetes requeridos serán obtenidos automáticamente, así como sus dependencias—.

Versiones disponibles

KDE	Gentoo	Ebuild repository	Status
KDE Frameworks 5.92.0	kde-frameworks/*-5.92.0	gentoo	Stable for amd64, arm64, and x86; testing for arm, ppc64, and riscv
KDE Frameworks 5.94.0	kde-frameworks/*-5.94.0	gentoo	Testing for amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64, riscv, and x86
KDE Frameworks master branch	kde-frameworks/*-9999	KDE	Live version

Más software para KDE

Las aplicaciones KDE más importantes se encuentran en el árbol portage y muchas se encuentran en las categorías kde-apps y kde-misc.

Solución de problemas

Véase el sub-artículo Troubleshooting

Véase también

Links externos

References

[1] ttp://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2014/03/system-tray-in-plasma-next/

[2] ttp://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2014/06/where-are-my-systray-icons/

[3] ttps://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=427912

[1]

[2]

[3]