KDE
KDE es una comunidad de software libre, que produce una amplia gama de aplicaciones, incluyendo el conocido entorno de escritorio Plasma.
El soporte para KDE en Gentoo es excelente, con un empaquetado completo de KDE Frameworks 5, Plasma 5 y aplicaciones de KDE 5, así como una amplia gama de programas diversos basados en KDE.
Requisitos previos
Perfil
La elección de un perfil adecuado es recomendable aunque no obligatorio ya que establece una serie de parámetros USE, tanto globales como para programas específicos, que facilitan la instalación y garantizan una experiencia de KDE sin problemas.
Con el fin de elegir el perfil más adecuado, primero liste los que están disponibles:
root #eselect profile list... [1] default/linux/amd64/17.1 (stable) [2] default/linux/amd64/17.1/selinux (stable) [3] default/linux/amd64/17.1/hardened (stable) [4] default/linux/amd64/17.1/hardened/selinux (stable) [5] default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop (stable) [6] default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/gnome (stable) [7] default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/gnome/systemd (stable) [8] default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/plasma (stable) [9] default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/plasma/systemd (stable) ...
A continuación, seleccione el perfil adecuado, sustituyendo X con el número del perfil correspondiente:
root #eselect profile set XPara un completo entorno de escritorio KDE, se recomienda utilizar el perfil desktop/plasma, que se adapta para su uso con OpenRC. Si se usa systemd, elija desktop/kde/systemd en su lugar. Para un entorno de escritorio Plasma 5 elija desktop/plasma con OpenRC o desktop/plasma/systemd con systemd. Nótese que otra combinación de USE puede ser técnicamente posible (especialmente si selecciona correr aplicaciones en vez de un entorno plasma completo), pero puede no ser soportado, no testeado o llevar a una inesperada perdida de funcionalidad.
Servicios
Antes de instalar KDE SC se recomienda instalar previamente otros servicios. En parte, ello se hace automáticamente si se utiliza un perfil desktop/kde o desktop. Estos servicios son:
- D-Bus: permite el uso del sistema bus para los mensajes de D-Bus.
- polkit: activa el framework polkit para controlar los privilegios de los servicios en todo el sistema.
- udev: activa el soporte de udev para nominar dispositivos de forma dinámica y permanente en Línux.
- udisks: activa el soporte para algunos servicios relacionados con el almacenamiento.
Session tracker
Choose exactly one of:
- elogind: Standalone logind package, default for desktop/plasma profile, extracted from systemd project for use with OpenRC or other init systems.
- systemd: Uses the session tracker part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.
Device manager
Choose exactly one of:
- udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
- eudev: Fork of udev for better compatibility with older kernels and various toolchains.
- systemd: Uses the device manager part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.
Miscellaneous
- D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
- polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
- udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.
Servidor X
Lea y siga las instrucciones del artículo X server para configurar el entorno X.
Package conflicts
KDE Plasma and Release Service come with many dependencies. Some of these dependencies will predetermine package choices where otherwise there would be options to choose from.
- JPEG: dev-qt/qtwebengine depends on media-libs/libjpeg-turbo. It is Gentoo's recommended default over media-libs/jpeg anyway.
Plasma
Plasma 5 es la actual generación del entorno de escritorio de KDE, basado en Qt 5 y KDE Frameworks 5.
Versiones disponibles
| KDE | Gentoo | Ebuild repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Plasma 5.18.5 | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.18.5 | gentoo | Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86; Testing for arm and ppc64 |
| KDE Plasma 5.19.5 | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.19.5 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Plasma 5.20 Beta | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.19.90 | KDE | Masked, testing for amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Plasma 5.20 stable branch | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.20.49.9999 | KDE | Live version |
| KDE Plasma master branch | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-9999 | KDE | Live version |
Antes de continuar, asegurese de elegir un plasma profile. Usuarios de KDE 4 necesitarán tormar pasos extra.
Instalación
El paquetekde-plasma/plasma-meta proporciona la suit completa de Plasma 5, configurada por los siguientes USE flags:
USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 5 packages
accessibility
|
Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library) |
bluetooth
|
Enable Bluetooth Support |
browser-integration
|
Enable integration with Chrome/Firefox with browser extensions |
colord
|
Enable kde-plasma/kwin color management via x11-misc/colord |
crash-handler
|
Pull in kde-plasma/drkonqi for assisted upstream crash reports |
crypt
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration |
desktop-portal
|
Enable sys-apps/xdg-desktop-portal backend implementation for Plasma |
discover
|
Pull in resources management GUI; a centralised GHNS alternative and optional sys-apps/fwupd frontend |
display-manager
|
Pull in a graphical display manager |
elogind
|
Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind |
firewall
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-firewall for system firewall administration |
grub
|
Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub |
gtk
|
Enable Breeze widget style and system settings module for GTK+ |
handbook
|
Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE |
kwallet
|
Enable support for KWallet auto-unlocking via kde-plasma/kwallet-pam |
legacy-systray
|
Add support for legacy applications using kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy |
networkmanager
|
Enable net-misc/networkmanager support |
plymouth
|
Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth |
pulseaudio
|
Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management |
sddm
|
Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and system settings module |
sdk
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development |
smart
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-disks for disk health monitoring |
systemd
|
Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking |
thunderbolt
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-thunderbolt control center module |
wallpapers
|
Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace |
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-metaAlternatively, kde-plasma/plasma-desktop provides a very basic desktop, leaving users free to install only the extra packages they require - or rather, figure out missing features on their own.
Please note that only installing kde-plasma/plasma-desktop will be missing important packages such as kde-plasma/powerdevil (power management, suspend and hibernate options), kde-plasma/systemsettings and many more, do not expect support in this case.
Widgets
Muchos útiles widgets se encuentran en el paquete kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons (el cuál ya es incluido en kde-plasma/plasma-meta):
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addonsGestor de pantallas
SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via kde-plasma/plasma-meta by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag -sddm for kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Change the setting accordingly in /etc/conf.d/xdm. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.
No display manager
Plasma can be started the old-fashioned way with startx, but extra care needs to be taken to ensure it gets a valid session.
~/.xinitrc#!/bin/sh exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-x11
System tray
Plasma 5 uses the StatusNotifier specification for systray icons [1]. As not all applications have been ported to the new system, some workarounds exist [2], and Plasma 5 has a means to convert old xembed-based system tray icons to StatusNotifier icons.
Legacy support is enabled by activating legacy-systray for kde-plasma/plasma-meta, which is pulling in kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy.
/etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta# xembed system tray support for legacy applications kde-plasma/plasma-meta legacy-systray
Pidgin
net-im/pidgin requires x11-plugins/pidgin-indicator. After install, the Ubuntu Indicator plugin can be found under Tools | Plugins.
KWallet
Many users will be introduced to kde-frameworks/kwallet, Plasma's encrypted password storage, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login or adding E-Mail accounts in kde-apps/kmail.
For managing KWallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is kde-apps/kwalletmanager:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanagerKWallet auto-unlocking
kde-plasma/kwallet-pam provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kwallet-pamIt requires the following setup:
- For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
- Choose same password for login and kwallet
- Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both x11-misc/sddm and x11-misc/lightdm fulfill that requirement:
/etc/pam.d/sddmConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via SDDM-auth optional pam_kwallet5.so -session optional pam_kwallet5.so auto_start
For LightDM, /etc/pam.d/lightdm needs to be edited instead.
If the filesystem containing your user's KWallet files is mounted by pam_mount upon logging on, you may need to copy ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.salt to the same path on your root filesystem. Otherwise, PAM attempts to unlock KWallet before the home directory is available and fails. The file ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.kwl which actually contains the encrypted KWallet passwords does not need to be copied.
Disabling KWallet
To disable the KWallet subsystem completely, edit the following file:
~/.config/kwalletrc[Wallet] Enabled=false
SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts
ssh-agent scripts are located in /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/env and /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/shutdown. Shutdown scripts require executable bit set because they are not sourced. The Keychain article provides more information about this.
Run GUI applications with root privileges
It could be a very bad idea to start GUI applications with root privileges, versus adding the regular user to the relevant group or simply just running the command unprivileged. Only use kdesu when absolutely necessary.
KDE Plasma has a utility in order to start graphical programs with root privileges. It is provided by kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools - if built with USE flag kdesu, a graphical frontend to kde-frameworks/kdesu is installed. This requires Xorg, and only works within X.
/etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools# Build graphical frontend for kde-frameworks/kdesu (requires X) kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools kdesu X
Remember to rebuild the package to pick up the changes:
root #emerge -1 kde-cli-toolsIt can be used by invoking kdesu either from KRunner or a terminal emulator:
user $kdesu <program-name>A message dialog will be displayed prompting for the root password.
Some applications such as kwrite, dolphin etc. refuse to be opened with kdesu for security reasons.
Applications
Release Service consists of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5.
Versiones disponibles
| KDE | Gentoo | Ebuild repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Release Service 20.04.3 | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-20.04.3 | gentoo | Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86; Testing for ppc64 |
| KDE Release Service 20.08.1 | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-20.08.1 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Release Service 20.08 stable branch | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-20.08.49.9999 | KDE | Live version |
| KDE Release Service master branch | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-9999 | KDE | Live version |
KDE Release Service is divided in the following meta packages:
| Package name | Description |
|---|---|
| kde-apps/kdeaccessibility-meta | Accessibility applications and utilities. |
| kde-apps/kdeadmin-meta | Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system. |
| kde-apps/kdecore-meta | Basic applications such as file browser, editor, terminal emulator. |
| kde-apps/kdeedu-meta | Educational applications and games. |
| kde-apps/kdegames-meta | Standard desktop games. |
| kde-apps/kdegraphics-meta | Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc. |
| kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta | Audio and video playback applications and services. |
| kde-apps/kdenetwork-meta | Network applications and VNC services. |
| kde-apps/kdepim-meta | PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc. |
| kde-apps/kdesdk-meta | Various development tools. |
| kde-apps/kdeutils-meta | Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc. |
Installation
The kde-apps/kde-apps-meta package provides the full Release Service bundle, but alternatively, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kde-apps-metaCambiar el idioma
Plasma-5 and Applications are shipping their localization per-package. Enable your localization in systemsettings.
KDE PIM
KDE PIM is a whole suite of applications to manage personal information including mail, calendar, contacts and more. It has several optional runtime dependencies to extend its functionality:
- Virus detection: app-antivirus/clamav
- Spam filtering: mail-filter/bogofilter or mail-filter/spamassassin
Frameworks
KDE Frameworks 5 es una colección de bibliotecas y de software frameworks que proporcionan la base para KDE Plasma 5 y las aplicaciones de KDE 5, pero puede ser aprovechado por cualquier aplicación Qt.
Como los frameworks son, en su mayoría, bibliotecas y proporcionan poca funcionalidad de usuario, ello hace que no sea necesaria su instalación de forma manual —los paquetes requeridos serán obtenidos automáticamente, así como sus dependencias—.
Available versions
| KDE | Gentoo | Ebuild repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Frameworks 5.70.0 | kde-frameworks/*-5.70.0 | gentoo | Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86, testing for arm and ppc64 |
| KDE Frameworks 5.74.0 | kde-frameworks/*-5.74.0 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Frameworks master branch | kde-frameworks/*-9999 | KDE | Live version |
Más software para KDE
Las aplicaciones para KDE más importantes están en el árbol portage y muchas se encuentran en las categorías kde-apps y kde-misc.
Troubleshooting
Refer to the Troubleshooting sub-article.