udisks

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udisks is a D-Bus daemon offering storage related services. Provided services include:

Installation

Prerequisites

Udisks uses D-Bus and polkit, so set them up first.

Kernel

Activate the following kernel options (depending on the slot, see "USE flags" below):

KERNEL 
Memory Management options  --->
    [*] Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap)
Device Drivers  --->
    < > ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support (DEPRECATED)  --->
    [*] USB support  --->
        <*>   Support for Host-side USB
File Systems -->
    Native Language Support -->
        <*> NLS UTF8
    Pseudo filesystems  --->
        -*- Tmpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
        [*]   Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists

In order for udisks to work with the lvm USE flag, udisks will require the following LVM kernel parameters:

KERNEL linux-4.9 Enabling LVM
Device Drivers  --->
   Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM)  --->
       <*> Device mapper support
           <*> Crypt target support
           <*> Snapshot target
           <*> Mirror target
           <*> Multipath target
               <*> I/O Path Selector based on the number of in-flight I/Os
               <*> I/O Path Selector based on the service time
Note
Not everything needs to be enabled; some of the options are only needed for LVM2 Snapshots and LVM2 Thin Snapshots, LVM2 Mirrors, LVM2 RAID 0/Stripeset and encryption.
The LVM gentoo wiki page can offer a more detailed explanation on how to set up and use LVM.

USE flags

USE flags for sys-fs/udisks Daemon providing interfaces to work with storage devices

acl Add support for Access Control Lists
daemon Build the system daemon, not just the client tool
debug Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces
elogind Use sys-auth/elogind for session tracking
introspection Add support for GObject based introspection
lvm Add support for Logical Volume Management via sys-fs/lvm2.
nls Add Native Language Support (using gettext - GNU locale utilities)
selinux !!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
systemd Support sys-apps/systemd's logind
vdo Enable Virtual Data Optimizer support.
zram Enable ZRAM support (requires sys-apps/systemd).
Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-04-24 14:42 More information about USE flags

Portage knows the global USE flag udisks for enabling support for udisks in other packages. Enabling this USE flag will pull in sys-fs/udisks automatically (default for desktop profiles):

FILE /etc/portage/make.confEnabling udisks globally
USE="udisks"

Emerge

Once the global USE flag is set, upgrade system in order for udisks to be pulled in:

root #emerge --ask --changed-use --deep @world

Additional software

Configuration

Udisks uses polkit to handle permissions.

Groups

Make sure each user is the plugdev group. Here the example user larry is used.

foo $groups
wheel audio users plugdev larry

If plugdev is not among the available user groups (common users, who use a window manager instead of a desktop environment), add user to the plugdev group.

root #usermod -a -G plugdev foo

Rules

Most desktop environments will set the required rules automatically. Less sophisticated window managers need some polkit rules as described in https://github.com/coldfix/udiskie/wiki/Permissions.

Make sure that the owner is polkit:

root #chown polkitd:root /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-udiskie.rules

There is no need to wrap the window manager around a dbus/elogind session:

FILE ~/.xinitrc
# ...
exec twm

Usage

Udisks can be controlled with the udisksctl command:

  • udisksctl help - Shows a help list with general commands
  • udisksctl info - Shows information about an object
  • udisksctl dump - Shows information about all objects
  • udisksctl status - Shows high-level status
  • udisksctl monitor - Monitor changes to objects
  • udisksctl mount - Mount a filesystem
  • udisksctl unmount - Unmount a filesystem
  • udisksctl unlock - Unlock an encrypted device
  • udisksctl lock - Lock an encrypted device
  • udisksctl loop-setup - Set-up a loop device
  • udisksctl loop-delete - Delete a loop device
  • udisksctl power-off - Safely power off a drive
  • udisksctl smart-simulate - Set SMART data for a drive

A more detailed explanation of an existing udisksctl command can be achieved by using udisksctl COMMAND --help.

Python scripting

The following code is an example of listening to udisk on the system D-Bus for device events. We stick with udisk1 and glib style event loops in order for the code to also be able to run on a RedHat or Centos system. Otherwise use the udisk2 monitor API to just look at mount events.

The relevant udisk documentation URL for 1.0.5 (Rhel6 is at 1.0.1) is here

FILE udisk_listener.py
import os
import dbus
from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop
import gobject

uid = None


def device_added(device):
    print("---added---")
    device_dump(device)


def device_removed(device):
    print("---removed---")
    print(str(device))
    device_dump(device)
    pass


def device_changed(device):
    print("---changed---")
    device_dump(device)
    pass


def device_dump(device):
    device_obj = system_bus.get_object("org.freedesktop.UDisks", device)
    device_props = dbus.Interface(device_obj, dbus.PROPERTIES_IFACE)
    #
    #  beware.... anything after this may or may not be defined depending on the event and state of the drive. 
    #  Attempts to get a prop that is no longer set will generate a dbus.connection:Exception
    #
    try:
        print("DeviceFile:" + device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device',"DeviceFile"))
    except:
        print("DeviceFile is unset")
        
    try:
        print("NativePath: " + device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device',"NativePath"))
    except:
        print("NativePath: is unset")
    
    try:
        is_mounted = device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device', "DeviceIsMounted")
        if is_mounted:
            mounted_uid = device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device', "DeviceMountedByUid")
            if mounted_uid == uid:
                print("mounted by me")
            else:
                print("mounted by " + str(mounted_uid))
            mountpaths =  device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device', "DeviceMountPaths")
            for test in mountpaths:
                print("paths: " + test)
        else:
            print("unmounted")
    except:
        print("DeviceIsMounted is unset")
    
    try:    
        is_media_available = device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device', "DeviceIsMediaAvailable")
        if is_media_available:
            print("media available")
        else:
            print("media not available")
    except:
        print("DeviceIsMediaAvailable is not set")

    try:        
        is_partition_table = device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device', "DeviceIsPartitionTable")
        if is_partition_table:
            print("device is partition table")
    except:
        print("DeviceIsPartitionTable is not set")

    try:        
        is_partition = device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device', "DeviceIsPartition")
        if is_partition:
            print("device is partition")
    except:
        print("DeviceIsPartition is not set")
        
    try:
        is_removeable = device_props.Get('org.freedesktop.UDisks.Device', "DeviceIsRemovable")
        if is_removeable:
            print("device is removable")
        else:
            print("device is not removable")
    except:
        print("DeviceIsRemovable is not set")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    uid = os.getuid()
    DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True)
    system_bus = dbus.SystemBus()
    udisk_proxy = system_bus.get_object("org.freedesktop.UDisks", "/org/freedesktop/UDisks")
    udisk_iface = dbus.Interface(udisk_proxy, "org.freedesktop.UDisks")

    udisk_iface.connect_to_signal('DeviceAdded', device_added)
    udisk_iface.connect_to_signal('DeviceRemoved', device_removed)
    udisk_iface.connect_to_signal('DeviceChanged', device_changed)
    
    loop = gobject.MainLoop()
    loop.run()

USB drive example

The following example is from a Gentoo system when an 8GB USB drive containing Kubuntu 14.04 installer is plugged into a USB port. It was created by dd'ing the ISO file directly to the thumb drive. fdisk shows that the 1gb or so of good stuff ended up in /dev/sdf2 while /dev/sdf1 is the free space left over. Note that the first event is the "whole drive" or partition table getting looked at.

CODE 
---added---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg
unmounted
media available
device is partition table
device is removable
---added---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg2
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg/sdg2
unmounted
media available
device is partition
device is not removable
---added---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg1
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg/sdg1
unmounted
media available
device is partition
device is not removable

This happens when the device notifier pops up and we have KDE open the drive in the dolphin file manager.

CODE 
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg1
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg/sdg1
mounted by 0
paths: /run/media/someuser/Kubuntu 14.04 LTS amd64
media available
device is partition
device is not removable

All this happens when we do a "safely remove" in dolphin. Notice that some of the properties are already unset and we are catching exceptions in device_dump during examination

CODE 
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg1
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg/sdg1
unmounted
media available
DeviceIsPartition is not set
DeviceIsRemovable is not set
---removed---
/org/freedesktop/UDisks/devices/sdg1
DeviceFile is unset
NativePath: is unset
DeviceIsMounted is unset
DeviceIsMediaAvailable is not set
DeviceIsPartitionTable is not set
DeviceIsPartition is not set
DeviceIsRemovable is not set
---removed---
/org/freedesktop/UDisks/devices/sdg2
DeviceFile is unset
NativePath: is unset
DeviceIsMounted is unset
DeviceIsMediaAvailable is not set
DeviceIsPartitionTable is not set
DeviceIsPartition is not set
DeviceIsRemovable is not set
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg
unmounted
media not available
device is removable
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg
unmounted
media not available
device is removable
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sdg
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4:1.0/host46/target46:0:0/46:0:0:0/block/sdg
unmounted
media not available
device is removable

Then we get one last removal signal when we yank the thumb drive

CODE 
---removed---
/org/freedesktop/UDisks/devices/sdg
DeviceFile is unset
NativePath: is unset
DeviceIsMounted is unset
DeviceIsMediaAvailable is not set
DeviceIsPartitionTable is not set
DeviceIsPartition is not set
DeviceIsRemovable is not set

CD/DVD media example

The use of a DVD or CDROM in an internal drive will cause only changes events to signal. Here's an example for a mount followed by an unmount of a Gentoo autobuild iso in a Centos6 VM's virtual CDROM. Notice that there are two change signals per action. The insertion shows the first event with media available and then a second event on the mount where the DeviceMountedByUid value properly matched up with our UID. Presumably the two for the removal are the unmount followed by an eject, but media shows as not being available on both so the two are indistinguishable.

CODE 
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sr0
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
unmounted
media available
device is removable
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sr0
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
mounted by me
paths: /media/Gentoo Linux amd64 20140227
media available
device is removable

-

CODE 
--changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sr0
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
unmounted
media not available
device is removable
---changed---
DeviceFile:/dev/sr0
NativePath: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
unmounted
media not available
device is removable
Note
DeviceIsMountedByUid appears to be useful for the UID put on the mounted disk in RHEL/Centos6 at least for the default gnome session (Gnome 2.28). However it reports as mounted by root on Gentoo when the KDE desktop device notifier pops up and is used to mount, presumably because it's devicekit/policykit getting involved. We need to look at the /proc/mounts for the DeviceFile string instead to find the UID in the mount options.

Troubleshooting

See also

  • D-Bus — an interprocess communication (IPC) system for software applications.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Udisks&oldid=1270766"