KDE

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KDE è una community free software che produce un vasto campo di applicazioni, incluso il popolare ambiente desktop Plasma.

Il supporto Gentoo per il progetto KDE è eccellente, con un packaging completo di Framework KDE 5, plasma 5 e applicazioni 5, oltre ad una vasta gamma di altri software basati su KDE.

Prerequisiti

Profile

La scelta di un appropriato profile, anche se non è richiesto, è raccomandato in quanto definisce delle USE flag sia globali sia specifiche del pacchetto per garantire un ottima esperienza con KDE.

Al fine di scegliere il profilo più adatto, ecco la lista di quelli disponibili:

root #eselect profile list
  [1]   default/linux/amd64/13.0
  [2]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/selinux
  [3]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop
  [4]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome
  [5]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome/systemd
  [6]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma
  [7]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma/systemd
  ...

Quindi, selezionare il profilo corretto sostituendo X con il corrispondente numero del profilo:

root #eselect profile set X

Per l'ambiente desktop Plasma 5 scegliere desktop/plasma con OpenRC o desktop/plasma/systemd con systemd.

Servizi

Default choices of these services will be pulled in automatically - by the installation steps in the following chapters - depending on the profile selection made earlier, but still need to be set up properly before starting KDE Plasma for the first time. For deviating from the defaults, it is recommended to install them in advance of KDE Plasma or KDE Applications via emerge ‑‑oneshot so that Portage will take them into account. Follow the links for information how to set up these services.

Session tracker

Choose exactly one of:

  • elogind: Standalone logind package extracted from systemd project for use with OpenRC or other init systems.
  • systemd: Uses the session tracker part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.
  • consolekit: Framework for defining and tracking users, login sessions, and seats. It is currently default for the desktop/plasma profile.
Note
For Wayland support, a logind implementation is required, which means choosing either elogind or systemd.

Device manager

Choose exactly one of:

  • udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
  • eudev: Fork of udev for better compatibility with older kernels and various toolchains.
  • systemd: Uses the device manager part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.

Miscellaneous

  • D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
  • polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
  • udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.

X server

Leggere e seguire le istruzioni contenute nell'articolo X server per impostare l'ambiente X.

Package conflicts

KDE Plasma and Applications come with many dependencies. Some of these dependencies will predetermine package choices where otherwise there would be options to choose from.

Plasma

Plasma 5 è l'attuale generazione dell'ambiente desktop di KDE, basato su Qt 5 e KDE Frameworks 5.

Versioni disponibili

KDE Gentoo Ebuild repository Status
KDE Plasma 5.17.4 kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.17.4 gentoo Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86; Testing for arm
KDE Plasma 5.17 stable branch kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.17.49.9999 KDE Live version
KDE Plasma master branch kde-plasma/plasma-meta-9999 KDE Live version
Note
Prima di procedere, assicurarsi di scegliere il profilo plasma. Gli utenti KDE 4 dovranno eseguire ulteriori passaggi.

Installazione

Il pacchetto kde-plasma/plasma-meta fornisce l'intera suite di Plasma 5, configurata con le seguenti USE flags:

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 5 packages

bluetooth Enable Bluetooth Support
browser-integration Enable integration with Chrome/Firefox with browser extensions
crypt Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration
desktop-portal Enable sys-apps/xdg-desktop-portal backend implementation for Plasma
discover Pull in resources management GUI; a centralised GHNS alternative and optional sys-apps/fwupd frontend
display-manager Pull in a graphical display manager
elogind Use sys-auth/elogind for session tracking
grub Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub
gtk Enable Breeze widget style and system settings module for GTK+
handbook Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE
kwallet Enable support for KWallet auto-unlocking via kde-plasma/kwallet-pam
legacy-systray Add support for legacy applications using kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy
networkmanager Enable net-misc/networkmanager support
plymouth Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth
pulseaudio Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management
qrcode Enable support for easy WiFi network sharing using QR codes with kde-plasma/plasma-nm
sddm Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and system settings module
sdk Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development
systemd Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
thunderbolt Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-thunderbolt control center module
wallpapers Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace
Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2020-09-08 18:07 More information about USE flags

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-meta

In alternativa, kde-plasma/plasma-desktop fornisce il desktop di base, lasciando gli utenti liberi di installare solo i pacchetti aggiuntivi che richiedono:

Note
Si prega di notare che in tali installazioni saranno mancanti pacchetti importanti quali kde-plasma/powerdevil (gestione energia, opzioni di ibernazione e sospensione) e kde-plasma/systemsettings se viene utilizzata questa installazione alternativa.

Widgets

Many useful widgets are in the kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons package (already pulled in by kde-plasma/plasma-meta):

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons

Display manager

SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via kde-plasma/plasma-meta by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag -sddm for kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Change the setting accordingly in /etc/conf.d/xdm. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.

SDDM does not yet support multiseat, while LightDM does.

No display manager

Plasma can be started the old-fashioned way with startx, but extra care needs to be taken to ensure it gets a valid session.

FILE ~/.xinitrcUsing elogind or systemd
#!/bin/sh
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-x11
FILE ~/.xinitrcUsing consolekit
#!/bin/sh
exec ck-launch-session dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session startplasma-x11

System tray

Plasma 5 uses the StatusNotifier specification for systray icons [1]. As not all applications have been ported to the new system, some workarounds exist [2], and Plasma 5 has a means to convert old xembed-based system tray icons to StatusNotifier icons.

Legacy support is enabled by activating legacy-systray for kde-plasma/plasma-meta, which is pulling in kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy.

FILE /etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta
# xembed system tray support for legacy applications
kde-plasma/plasma-meta legacy-systray

Pidgin

net-im/pidgin requires x11-plugins/pidgin-indicator. After install, the Ubuntu Indicator plugin can be found under Tools | Plugins.

KWallet

Many users will be introduced to kde-frameworks/kwallet, Plasma's encrypted password storage, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login or adding E-Mail accounts in kde-apps/kmail.

For managing KWallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is kde-apps/kwalletmanager:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanager

KWallet auto-unlocking

kde-plasma/kwallet-pam provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kwallet-pam

It requires the following setup:

  • For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
  • Choose same password for login and kwallet
  • Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both x11-misc/sddm and x11-misc/lightdm fulfill that requirement:
FILE /etc/pam.d/sddmConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via SDDM
-auth           optional        pam_kwallet5.so
-session        optional        pam_kwallet5.so auto_start
Note
For LightDM, /etc/pam.d/lightdm needs to be edited instead.
Note
If the filesystem containing your user's KWallet files is mounted by pam_mount upon logging on, you may need to copy ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.salt to the same path on your root filesystem. Otherwise, PAM attempts to unlock KWallet before the home directory is available and fails. The file ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.kwl which actually contains the encrypted KWallet passwords does not need to be copied.

Disabling KWallet

To disable the KWallet subsystem completely, edit the following file:

FILE ~/.config/kwalletrc
[Wallet]
Enabled=false

SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts

ssh-agent scripts are located in /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/env and /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/shutdown. Shutdown scripts require executable bit set because they are not sourced. The Keychain article provides more information about this.

Run GUI applications with root privileges

Warning
It could be a very bad idea to start GUI applications with root privileges, versus adding the regular user to the relevant group or simply just running the command unprivileged. Only use kdesu when absolutely necessary.

KDE Plasma has a utility in order to start graphical programs with root privileges. It is provided by kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools - if built with USE flag kdesu, a graphical frontend to kde-frameworks/kdesu is installed. This requires Xorg, and only works within X.

FILE /etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools
# Build graphical frontend for kde-frameworks/kdesu (requires X)
kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools kdesu X

Remember to rebuild the package to pick up the changes:

root #emerge -1 kde-cli-tools

It can be used by invoking kdesu either from KRunner or a terminal emulator:

user $kdesu <program-name>

A message dialog will be displayed prompting for the root password.

Note
Some applications such as kwrite, dolphin etc. refuse to be opened with kdesu for security reasons.

Applications

Releases consist of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5.

Available versions

KDE Gentoo Ebuild repository Status
KDE Applications 19.08.3 kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-19.08.3 gentoo Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86
KDE Applications 19.12.0 kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-19.12.0 gentoo Testing for amd64, arm64 and x86
KDE Applications 19.12 stable branch kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-19.12.49.9999 KDE Live version
KDE Applications master branch kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-9999 KDE Live version

KDE Applications is divided in the following meta packages:

Package name Description
kde-apps/kdeaccessibility-meta Accessibility applications and utilities.
kde-apps/kdeadmin-meta Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system.
kde-apps/kdecore-meta Basic applications such as file browser, editor, terminal emulator.
kde-apps/kdeedu-meta Educational applications and games.
kde-apps/kdegames-meta Standard desktop games.
kde-apps/kdegraphics-meta Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc.
kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta Audio and video playback applications and services.
kde-apps/kdenetwork-meta Network applications and VNC services.
kde-apps/kdepim-meta PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc.
kde-apps/kdesdk-meta Various development tools.
kde-apps/kdeutils-meta Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc.

Installation

The kde-apps/kde-apps-meta package provides the full Applications bundle, but alternatively, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kde-apps-meta

Localization

Plasma-5 and Applications are shipping their localization per-package. Enable your localization in systemsettings.

KDE PIM

KDE PIM is a whole suite of applications to manage personal information including mail, calendar, contacts and more. It has several optional runtime dependencies to extend its functionality:

Frameworks

KDE Frameworks 5 is a collection of libraries and software frameworks that provide the foundation for KDE Plasma 5 and KDE Applications, but may be leveraged by any Qt application.

As Frameworks are mostly libraries and provide little user functionality, it's not necessary to install them manually - the required packages will be pulled in automatically as dependencies.

Available versions

KDE Gentoo Ebuild repository Status
KDE Frameworks 5.64.0 kde-frameworks/*-5.64.0 gentoo Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86, testing for arm
KDE Frameworks 5.65.0 kde-frameworks/*-5.65.0 gentoo Testing for amd64, arm, arm64 and x86
KDE Frameworks master branch kde-frameworks/*-9999 KDE Live version

More KDE software

The most important KDE applications are in the Gentoo ebuild repository and many are located in the kde-apps and kde-misc categories.

Troubleshooting

Refer to the Troubleshooting sub-article.

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2014/03/system-tray-in-plasma-next/
  2. ↑ http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2014/06/where-are-my-systray-icons/
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