KDE
KDE è una community free software che produce un vasto campo di applicazioni, incluso il popolare ambiente desktop Plasma.
Il supporto Gentoo per il progetto KDE è eccellente, con un packaging completo di Framework KDE 5, plasma 5 e applicazioni 5, oltre ad una vasta gamma di altri software basati su KDE.
Prerequisiti
Profile
La scelta di un appropriato profile, anche se non è richiesto, è raccomandato in quanto definisce delle USE flag sia globali sia specifiche del pacchetto per garantire un ottima esperienza con KDE.
Al fine di scegliere il profilo più adatto, ecco la lista di quelli disponibili:
root #eselect profile list[1] default/linux/amd64/13.0 [2] default/linux/amd64/13.0/selinux [3] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop [4] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome [5] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome/systemd [6] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma [7] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma/systemd ...
Quindi, selezionare il profilo corretto sostituendo X con il corrispondente numero del profilo:
root #eselect profile set XPer l'ambiente desktop Plasma 5 scegliere desktop/plasma con OpenRC o desktop/plasma/systemd con systemd.
Servizi
Default choices of these services will be pulled in automatically - by the installation steps in the following chapters - depending on the profile selection made earlier, but still need to be set up properly before starting KDE Plasma for the first time. For deviating from the defaults, it is recommended to install them in advance of KDE Plasma or KDE Release Service via emerge ‑‑oneshot so that Portage will take them into account. Follow the links for information how to set up these services.
Session tracker
Choose exactly one of:
- elogind: Standalone logind package, default for desktop/plasma profile, extracted from systemd project for use with OpenRC or other init systems.
- systemd: Uses the session tracker part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.
Device manager
Choose exactly one of:
- udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
- eudev: Fork of udev for better compatibility with older kernels and various toolchains.
- systemd: Uses the device manager part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.
Miscellaneous
- D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
- polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
- udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.
X server
Leggere e seguire le istruzioni contenute nell'articolo X server per impostare l'ambiente X.
Package conflicts
KDE Plasma and Release Service come with many dependencies. Some of these dependencies will predetermine package choices where otherwise there would be options to choose from.
- JPEG: dev-qt/qtwebengine depends on media-libs/libjpeg-turbo. It is Gentoo's recommended default over media-libs/jpeg anyway.
Plasma
Plasma 5 è l'attuale generazione dell'ambiente desktop di KDE, basato su Qt 5 e KDE Frameworks 5.
Versioni disponibili
| KDE | Gentoo | Ebuild repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Plasma 5.18.5 | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.18.5 | gentoo | Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86; Testing for arm and ppc64 |
| KDE Plasma 5.19.5 | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.19.5 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Plasma 5.20 Beta | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.19.90 | KDE | Masked, testing for amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Plasma 5.20 stable branch | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.20.49.9999 | KDE | Live version |
| KDE Plasma master branch | kde-plasma/plasma-meta-9999 | KDE | Live version |
Prima di procedere, assicurarsi di scegliere il profilo plasma. Gli utenti KDE 4 dovranno eseguire ulteriori passaggi.
Installazione
Il pacchetto kde-plasma/plasma-meta fornisce l'intera suite di Plasma 5, configurata con le seguenti USE flags:
USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 5 packages
accessibility
|
Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library) |
bluetooth
|
Enable Bluetooth Support |
browser-integration
|
Enable integration with Chrome/Firefox with browser extensions |
colord
|
Enable kde-plasma/kwin color management via x11-misc/colord |
crash-handler
|
Pull in kde-plasma/drkonqi for assisted upstream crash reports |
crypt
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration |
desktop-portal
|
Enable sys-apps/xdg-desktop-portal backend implementation for Plasma |
discover
|
Pull in resources management GUI; a centralised GHNS alternative and optional sys-apps/fwupd frontend |
display-manager
|
Pull in a graphical display manager |
elogind
|
Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind |
firewall
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-firewall for system firewall administration |
grub
|
Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub |
gtk
|
Enable Breeze widget style and system settings module for GTK+ |
handbook
|
Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE |
kwallet
|
Enable support for KWallet auto-unlocking via kde-plasma/kwallet-pam |
legacy-systray
|
Add support for legacy applications using kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy |
networkmanager
|
Enable net-misc/networkmanager support |
plymouth
|
Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth |
pulseaudio
|
Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management |
qrcode
|
Enable support for easy WiFi network sharing using QR codes with kde-plasma/plasma-nm |
sddm
|
Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and system settings module |
sdk
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development |
smart
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-disks for disk health monitoring |
systemd
|
Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking |
thunderbolt
|
Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-thunderbolt control center module |
wallpapers
|
Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace |
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-metaIn alternativa, kde-plasma/plasma-desktop fornisce il desktop di base, lasciando gli utenti liberi di installare solo i pacchetti aggiuntivi che richiedono:
Si prega di notare che in tali installazioni saranno mancanti pacchetti importanti quali kde-plasma/powerdevil (gestione energia, opzioni di ibernazione e sospensione) e kde-plasma/systemsettings se viene utilizzata questa installazione alternativa.
Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons package (already pulled in by kde-plasma/plasma-meta):
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addonsDisplay manager
SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via kde-plasma/plasma-meta by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag -sddm for kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Change the setting accordingly in /etc/conf.d/xdm. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.
No display manager
Plasma can be started the old-fashioned way with startx, but extra care needs to be taken to ensure it gets a valid session.
~/.xinitrc#!/bin/sh exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-x11
System tray
Plasma 5 uses the StatusNotifier specification for systray icons [1]. As not all applications have been ported to the new system, some workarounds exist [2], and Plasma 5 has a means to convert old xembed-based system tray icons to StatusNotifier icons.
Legacy support is enabled by activating legacy-systray for kde-plasma/plasma-meta, which is pulling in kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy.
/etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta# xembed system tray support for legacy applications kde-plasma/plasma-meta legacy-systray
Pidgin
net-im/pidgin requires x11-plugins/pidgin-indicator. After install, the Ubuntu Indicator plugin can be found under Tools | Plugins.
KWallet
Many users will be introduced to kde-frameworks/kwallet, Plasma's encrypted password storage, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login or adding E-Mail accounts in kde-apps/kmail.
For managing KWallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is kde-apps/kwalletmanager:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanagerKWallet auto-unlocking
kde-plasma/kwallet-pam provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.
root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kwallet-pamIt requires the following setup:
- For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
- Choose same password for login and kwallet
- Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both x11-misc/sddm and x11-misc/lightdm fulfill that requirement:
/etc/pam.d/sddmConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via SDDM-auth optional pam_kwallet5.so -session optional pam_kwallet5.so auto_start
For LightDM, /etc/pam.d/lightdm needs to be edited instead.
If the filesystem containing your user's KWallet files is mounted by pam_mount upon logging on, you may need to copy ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.salt to the same path on your root filesystem. Otherwise, PAM attempts to unlock KWallet before the home directory is available and fails. The file ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.kwl which actually contains the encrypted KWallet passwords does not need to be copied.
Disabling KWallet
To disable the KWallet subsystem completely, edit the following file:
~/.config/kwalletrc[Wallet] Enabled=false
SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts
ssh-agent scripts are located in /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/env and /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/shutdown. Shutdown scripts require executable bit set because they are not sourced. The Keychain article provides more information about this.
Run GUI applications with root privileges
It could be a very bad idea to start GUI applications with root privileges, versus adding the regular user to the relevant group or simply just running the command unprivileged. Only use kdesu when absolutely necessary.
KDE Plasma has a utility in order to start graphical programs with root privileges. It is provided by kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools - if built with USE flag kdesu, a graphical frontend to kde-frameworks/kdesu is installed. This requires Xorg, and only works within X.
/etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools# Build graphical frontend for kde-frameworks/kdesu (requires X) kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools kdesu X
Remember to rebuild the package to pick up the changes:
root #emerge -1 kde-cli-toolsIt can be used by invoking kdesu either from KRunner or a terminal emulator:
user $kdesu <program-name>A message dialog will be displayed prompting for the root password.
Some applications such as kwrite, dolphin etc. refuse to be opened with kdesu for security reasons.
Applications
Release Service consists of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5.
Available versions
| KDE | Gentoo | Ebuild repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Release Service 20.04.3 | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-20.04.3 | gentoo | Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86; Testing for ppc64 |
| KDE Release Service 20.08.1 | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-20.08.1 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Release Service 20.08 stable branch | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-20.08.49.9999 | KDE | Live version |
| KDE Release Service master branch | kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-9999 | KDE | Live version |
KDE Release Service is divided in the following meta packages:
| Package name | Description |
|---|---|
| kde-apps/kdeaccessibility-meta | Accessibility applications and utilities. |
| kde-apps/kdeadmin-meta | Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system. |
| kde-apps/kdecore-meta | Basic applications such as file browser, editor, terminal emulator. |
| kde-apps/kdeedu-meta | Educational applications and games. |
| kde-apps/kdegames-meta | Standard desktop games. |
| kde-apps/kdegraphics-meta | Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc. |
| kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta | Audio and video playback applications and services. |
| kde-apps/kdenetwork-meta | Network applications and VNC services. |
| kde-apps/kdepim-meta | PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc. |
| kde-apps/kdesdk-meta | Various development tools. |
| kde-apps/kdeutils-meta | Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc. |
Installation
The kde-apps/kde-apps-meta package provides the full Release Service bundle, but alternatively, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead:
root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kde-apps-metaLocalization
Plasma-5 and Applications are shipping their localization per-package. Enable your localization in systemsettings.
KDE PIM
KDE PIM is a whole suite of applications to manage personal information including mail, calendar, contacts and more. It has several optional runtime dependencies to extend its functionality:
- Virus detection: app-antivirus/clamav
- Spam filtering: mail-filter/bogofilter or mail-filter/spamassassin
Frameworks
KDE Frameworks 5 is a collection of libraries and software frameworks that provide the foundation for KDE Plasma 5 and KDE Applications, but may be leveraged by any Qt application.
As Frameworks are mostly libraries and provide little user functionality, it's not necessary to install them manually - the required packages will be pulled in automatically as dependencies.
Available versions
| KDE | Gentoo | Ebuild repository | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE Frameworks 5.70.0 | kde-frameworks/*-5.70.0 | gentoo | Stable for amd64, arm64 and x86, testing for arm and ppc64 |
| KDE Frameworks 5.74.0 | kde-frameworks/*-5.74.0 | gentoo | Testing for amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64 and x86 |
| KDE Frameworks master branch | kde-frameworks/*-9999 | KDE | Live version |
More KDE software
The most important KDE applications are in the Gentoo ebuild repository and many are located in the kde-apps and kde-misc categories.
Troubleshooting
Refer to the Troubleshooting sub-article.
See also
- Plasma 4 to 5 upgrade page - Information on how to upgrade from Plasma 4, migration and troubleshooting.
- KDE/Ebuild repository — provides instructions on adding Gentoo's KDE ebuild development repository to a system.
- kde-sunset ebuild repository - For old KDE software that has been removed from the main ebuild repository.