Xfce
准备
选择一个配置文件
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.
Using the basic desktop profile will provide a good set of defaults for Xfce. Other profiles can be used, but this gives a good balance between dependencies and usability, all else aside. To select the desktop profile:
root #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop避免不必要的依赖
app-text/poppler 默认具有 +qt5 ：
/etc/portage/package.use/xfce取消设置poppler的qt5 USE标记app-text/poppler -qt5
当然，如果需要， -qt5 也可以在 /etc/portage/make.conf 中全局设置。
xfce4-notifyd
This is an optional step to install xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd in place of x11-misc/notification-daemon. Skip this section if the choice of notification daemon is unimportant.
Emerging xfce-base/xfce4-meta will pull in the virtual/notification-daemon dependency. This virtual dependency is designed to insure that Xfce will be provided with a notification-daemon, whatever suitable software the user chooses to fulfill this role.
By default, virtual/notification-daemon will satisfy this dependency by drawing in GNOME's x11-misc/notification-daemon package. Xfce users may prefer to use xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd, if a notification-daemon has not already been installed.
By installing xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd before emerging Xfce, the virtual package virtual/notification-daemon will use xfce4-notifyd, and pull in no other packages. Use the --oneshot option to avoid adding xfce4-notifyd to the world file:
root #emerge --ask --oneshot xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd现在继续进行安装。
安装
USE 标记
USE flags for xfce-base/xfce4-meta The Xfce Desktop Environment (meta package)
minimal
|
Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features) |
pulseaudio
|
Add sound server support via media-libs/libpulse (may be PulseAudio or PipeWire) |
svg
|
Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) |
upower
|
Enable power management support |
安装（Emerge）
Emerge xfce-base/xfce4-meta for a default set of Xfce packages, to get a reasonably complete desktop environment:
root #emerge --ask xfce-base/xfce4-meta
The xfce-base/xfce4-meta package will provide the following user-facing applications, plus some libraries and system software:
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| x11-terms/xfce4-terminal | Terminal emulator that integrates well with Xfce, "friendlier" than the standard xterm program. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-panel | Desktop panel with application launchers, panel menus, a workspace switcher, and more. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-settings | Configuration system for the Xfce desktop environment, providing configuration dialogs and tools. |
| xfce-base/thunar | Thunar is Xfce's file manager. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-appfinder | Application finder. |
| xfce-base/thunar-volman | Manages removable media and drives. |
| xfce-base/tumbler | File previewer for Thunar. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-power-manager | An application to monitor and manage power usage (especially important for laptops). Choose maximum-performance or battery-saving modes. Adjust screen brightness and setup hibernate, suspend, and shutdown actions (i.e., when the lid is shut or buttons are pressed). Can warn when the battery reaches certain levels, or even turn off the machine. Includes panel plugins to display battery/charging status, and control brightness. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin | Volume control for the panel. media-sound/volumeicon may be an option for systems without pulseaudio. |
To see everything that is installed by xfce-base/xfce4-meta, see the dependency tab for that package on pgo.
当然，也可以只选择所需的包：
附加软件
Xfce中还有许多的附加程序
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| app-cdr/xfburn | CD burning application. |
| app-editors/mousepad | Lightweight text editor. |
| x11-themes/xfwm4-themes | Several window-manager themes. |
| xfce-extra/thunar-archive-plugin | Plugin for Thunar to work with archives; uses app-arch/file-roller. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-battery-plugin | Displays battery percentage, time remaining, power source (AC or battery), fan status, warnings, and can even be configured to execute commands at certain power levels, which can be used to put the laptop into hibernate mode when the battery is almost exhausted. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-mount-plugin | One-click mounting of devices listed in /etc/fstab. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-sensors-plugin | Monitor hardware sensors, such as CPU temperature, fan RPM, hard drive temp, motherboard voltage, and more. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-verve-plugin | A small command line embedded into the panel; quicker than opening up another terminal to run a command. |
This is just a partial selection of packages available in the Gentoo repository, see p.g.o/categories/xfce-extra, or use eix (eix --category xfce-extra), to see packages from the xfce-extra category. See also https://www.xfce.org/projects/ for more information.
以下应用程序在Xfce中运行良好，并实现了基本的桌面环境。
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| x11-misc/alacarte | GNOME's menu editor works fine in Xfce. |
| x11-terms/tilda | Lightweight quake-style terminal emulator. |
使用
启动 Xfce
Xfce can either be run from a terminal after login, launched automatically after login, or be started by a graphical display manager that will greet the user and ask for login details.
在没有显示管理器的情况下启动Xfce
startx 和 startxfce4 是在不使用显示管理器情况下启动Xfce的两种现成的方案。
startx
使用 startx 时，使用以下内容创建 ~/.xinitrc 文件：
~/.xinitrc调用startx时启动xfce4exec startxfce4
If experiencing authorization or permissions issues, see the troubleshooting section.
startxfce4
要启动Xfce4桌面，只需在命令行键入startxfce4，然后按回车键：
user $startxfce4显示管理器
可以使用显示管理器启动Xfce，请参阅display manager中相关文章以配置显示管理器。
大多数显示管理器使用
- .desktop 文件来配置可用会话，以下是一个示例桌面文件：
xfce4.desktop用于显示管理器的Xfce4 desktop 文件[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Xfce4
Comment=Use this session to run Xfce 4 as desktop environment
Exec=/usr/bin/startxfce4
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/xfce4_xicon1.png
Type=Application
desktop文件可以放置在显示管理器的正确位置。
配置
Xfce是一个桌面环境，因此可以根据几乎每个用户的需求进行调整和定制。在本节中，涵盖了许多受欢迎，或更具挑战性的内容。
音量按键
安装xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed来管理音量键（不建议使用，建议使用media-sound/tudor-volumed替代，或在Window Manager或混音器中使用键绑定）：
root #emerge --ask xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed-pulsemedia-sound/tudor-volumed may be an option for systems not using pulseaudio.
运行xfce4-keyboard-settings来绑定以下键：
- volume up 按钮: amixer总音量增加5%
- volume down 按钮: amixer总音量减少5%
- mute 按钮: amixer静音切换
统一的 GTK 3 主题
另一种选择是使用Greybird主题，它支持GTK+ 2，GTK+ 3，xfwm4，emerald和metacity：
root #emerge --ask x11-themes/greybird转到Xfce菜单 -> 设置 ->外观，或者运行xfce4-appearance-settings，从“样式”列表中选择“Greybird”。
现在GTK+ 2和GTK+ 3应用程序应具有一致的外观。
其他主题
可以使用下表安装Portage中可用的与XFCE兼容的其他主题：
root #emerge --ask x11-themes/clearlooks-phenix x11-themes/gnome-themes-standard x11-themes/gtk-engines-aurora x11-themes/light-themes x11-themes/murrine-themes x11-themes/nimbus x11-themes/oxygen-molecule x11-themes/redhat-artwork x11-themes/shiki-colors x11-themes/tactile3 x11-themes/zukini故障排除
启用垂直窗口吸附
大多数现代桌面环境默认启用垂直窗口吸附，这在Xfce中也是可能的，但默认情况下并没有启用。要启用，请导航至：设置 → 窗口管理器 → 高级 选项卡。
- 确保已选中“将窗口吸附到屏幕边缘”复选框。
- 确保未选中“光标碰到屏幕边缘时回绕工作区”下的复选框。这些干扰垂直窗口吸附。
一旦设置了复选框，现在应该可以将窗口拖动到屏幕的右侧或左侧，这会导致窗口调整为屏幕宽度的50％。
如果想通过快捷键 Super+← 或 Super+→ 来操作窗口，在设置 → 窗口管理器 → 键盘 标签页.
设置“窗口平铺在左”为Super+←组合键，设置“窗口平铺在右”为组合键Super+→。
音频混音器提示缺少 pavucontrol 二进制文件
点击面板内的扬声器 （音频） 图标，然后在一条提示”pavucontrol binary not found“的消息中选择 Audio mixer... 这个路径。
解决方法是安装 media-sound/pavucontrol：
root #emerge --ask media-sound/pavucontrolXfce4-screensaver unable to unlock
Xfce-screensaver uses gnome-keyring by default to authenticate. By applying the installation method above, gnome-keyring will not be pulled and pam will be unable to service the default configuration installed in /etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaver. Either pull gnome-keyring, otherwise the file should be modified to allow system-auth to be used on passwords:
/etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaverauth include system-auth
password include system-auth
Authorization or permissions issues
When experiencing authorization or permissions issues within xfce4 in an OpenRC profile (symptoms include being unable to open power manager and unable to suspend/hibernate) make sure that sys-auth/elogind is installed and properly configured, and that the elogind USE flag is globally enabled.
If launching with startx, replace the appropriate line in ~/.xinitrc with the following:
~/.xinitrc在调用startx时以正确的方式启动xfce4ck-launch-session dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session xfce4-session
Dual-monitors get mirrored after monitor suspend
There are (at least) three ways to solve this issue. First is to save the display settings as the default monitor layout profile, then enable that profile as "new monitors connect". There's also the option to show a dialog whenever new monitors are detected, which will default to the profile instead of mirroring, when one is available. Navigate to Settings -> Display -> Advanced to find these options. Remember to configure the display settings before saving the first profile.
2nd way is to kill xfsettingsd after logging to the Xfce session. However this will also make some functionality unavailable, such as global hotkeys. A custom script can be created that kills the service, and add that to the autostarting applications list.
3rd is to have a custom script that can be executed via a .desktop icon on the desktop, panel, or ran manually each time the monitors are turned on.
Review the monitor IDs using the xrandr command.
自定义脚本可能看起来像这样：
~/bin/configuremonitors.shconfiguremonitors.shxrandr --output HDMI-A-0 --right-of DisplayPort-0 --auto
另请参阅
- 桌面环境 — 提供了一个 Gentoo 中可用的桌面环境列表。
- Xfce 指南 - 更详细的安装配置指南，阅读该以获取更多Gentoo详细内容！