Xfce
Para citar xfce.org: "Xfce é um ambiente de desktop leve para sistemas operacionais Unix-like. Tem por objetivo ser rápido e de baixo consumo para os recursos do sistema, enquanto está sendo visualmente atraente e fácil de usar."
Prerequisites
Selecting a profile
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.
Using the basic desktop profile will provide a good set of defaults for Xfce. Other profiles can be used, but this gives a good balance between dependencies and usability, all else aside. To select the desktop profile:
root #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/17.0/desktopEvitando dependências desnecessárias
app-text/poppler e dev-util/cmake tem a flag +qt5 por padrão:
/etc/portage/package.use/xfceDesative a flag qt5 para o poppler e o cmakeapp-text/poppler -qt5
É claro, a flag -qt5 pode também ser definida globalmente no /etc/portage/make.conf se desejar.
xfce4-notifyd
This is an optional step to install xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd in place of x11-misc/notification-daemon. Skip this section if the choice of notification daemon is unimportant.
Emerging xfce-base/xfce4-meta will pull in the virtual/notification-daemon dependency. This virtual dependency is designed to insure that Xfce will be provided with a notification-daemon, whatever suitable software the user chooses to fulfill this role.
By default, virtual/notification-daemon will satisfy this dependency by drawing in GNOME's x11-misc/notification-daemon package. Xfce users may prefer to use xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd, if a notification-daemon has not already been installed.
By installing xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd before emerging Xfce, the virtual package virtual/notification-daemon will use xfce4-notifyd, and pull in no other packages. Use the --oneshot option to avoid adding xfce4-notifyd to the world file:
root #emerge --ask --oneshot xfce-extra/xfce4-notifydNow proceed with the installation.
Instalação
USE flags
USE flags for xfce-base/xfce4-meta The Xfce Desktop Environment (meta package)
minimal
|
Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features) |
pulseaudio
|
Add sound server support via media-libs/libpulse (may be PulseAudio or PipeWire) |
svg
|
Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) |
upower
|
Enable power management support |
Emerge
Emerge xfce-base/xfce4-meta for a default set of Xfce packages, to get a reasonably complete desktop environment:
root #emerge --ask xfce-base/xfce4-meta
The xfce-base/xfce4-meta package will provide the following user-facing applications, plus some libraries and system software:
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| x11-terms/xfce4-terminal | Terminal emulator that integrates well with Xfce, "friendlier" than the standard xterm program. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-panel | Desktop panel with application launchers, panel menus, a workspace switcher, and more. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-settings | Configuration system for the Xfce desktop environment, providing configuration dialogs and tools. |
| xfce-base/thunar | Thunar is Xfce's file manager. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-appfinder | Application finder. |
| xfce-base/thunar-volman | Manages removable media and drives. |
| xfce-base/tumbler | File previewer for Thunar. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-power-manager | An application to monitor and manage power usage (especially important for laptops). Choose maximum-performance or battery-saving modes. Adjust screen brightness and setup hibernate, suspend, and shutdown actions (i.e., when the lid is shut or buttons are pressed). Can warn when the battery reaches certain levels, or even turn off the machine. Includes panel plugins to display battery/charging status, and control brightness. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin | Volume control for the panel. media-sound/volumeicon may be an option for systems without pulseaudio. |
To see everything that is installed by xfce-base/xfce4-meta, see the dependency tab for that package on packages.gentoo.org.
É claro, também é possível selecionar apenas os pacotes necessários:
Aplicativos adicionais
Há uma série de aplicativos adicionais que fazem parte do Xfce.
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| app-cdr/xfburn | CD burning application. |
| app-editors/mousepad | Lightweight text editor. |
| x11-themes/xfwm4-themes | Several window-manager themes. |
| xfce-extra/thunar-archive-plugin | Plugin for Thunar to work with archives; uses app-arch/file-roller. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-battery-plugin | Displays battery percentage, time remaining, power source (AC or battery), fan status, warnings, and can even be configured to execute commands at certain power levels, which can be used to put the laptop into hibernate mode when the battery is almost exhausted. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-mount-plugin | One-click mounting of devices listed in /etc/fstab. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-sensors-plugin | Monitor hardware sensors, such as CPU temperature, fan RPM, hard drive temp, motherboard voltage, and more. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-verve-plugin | A small command line embedded into the panel; quicker than opening up another terminal to run a command. |
This is just a partial selection of packages available in the Gentoo repository, see xfce-extra , or use eix (eix --category xfce-extra), to see packages from the xfce-extra category. See also https://www.xfce.org/projects/ for more information.
Os seguintes aplicativos funcionam bem no Xfce e completam um ambiente de desktop básico.
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| x11-misc/alacarte | GNOME's menu editor works fine in Xfce. |
| x11-terms/tilda | Lightweight quake-style terminal emulator. |
Usage
Launching Xfce
Xfce can either be run from a terminal after login, launched automatically after login, or be started by a graphical display manager that will greet the user and ask for login details.
Iniciando o Xfce sem um gerenciador de login
startx e startxfce4 são duas das opções disponíveis de imediato para iniciar o Xfce sem usar um gerenciador de login.
startx
Quando usar startx, crie um arquivo ~/.xinitrc com o seguinte conteúdo:
~/.xinitrcIniciar o xfce4 quando chamar o startxexec startxfce4
If experiencing authorization or permissions issues, see the troubleshooting section.
startxfce4
Para iniciar o desktop do Xfce4 simplesmente digite startxfce4 na linha de comando e pressione o enter:
user $startxfce4Gerenciadores de login
É possível usar um gerenciador de login para iniciar o Xfce. Por favor, consulte o artigo display manager para configurar um gerenciador de login.
A maioria dos gerenciadores de login usam o arquivo
- .desktop para configurar seções disponíveis. O seguinte é um exemplo de um arquivo desktop:
xfce4.desktopArquivo desktop do Xfce4 para gerenciadores de login[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Xfce4
Comment=Use this session to run Xfce 4 as desktop environment
Exec=/usr/bin/startxfce4
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/xfce4_xicon1.png
Type=Application
O arquivo desktop pode ser colocado no local correto para o gerenciador de login.
Configuração
Xfce é um ambiente de desktop e, como tal, pode ser ajustado e adaptado às necessidades de (quase) todos os usuários. Nesta seção, uma série de aspectos populares (ou mais desafiadores) são cobertos.
Teclas de volume
Instale o xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed para gerenciar as teclas de volume (desatualizado - substituições sugeridas incluem media-sound/tudor-volumed ou use associação de teclas do gerenciador de janelas ou mixer) :
root #emerge --ask xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed-pulsemedia-sound/tudor-volumed may be an option for systems not using pulseaudio.
Execute xfce4-keyboard-settings para vincular as seguintes teclas:
- volume up button: amixer set Master 5%+
- volume down button: amixer set Master 5%-
- mute button: amixer set Master toggle
Temas consistentes em GTK+ 3
Uma outra opção é usar o tema Greybird, que tem suporte para GTK +2, GTK +3, xfwm4 e metacity:
root #emerge --ask x11-themes/greybirdVá para Xfce menu -> Configurações -> Aparência. Ou execute xfce4-appearance-settings. Selecione "Greybird" da lista de "estilo".
Agora as aplicações em GTK +2 e GTK +3 devem ter uma aparência consistente.
Outros temas
Outros temas disponíveis no Portage que são compatíveis com o XFCE podem ser instalados com a lista a seguir:
root #emerge --ask x11-themes/clearlooks-phenix x11-themes/gnome-themes-standard x11-themes/gtk-engines-aurora x11-themes/light-themes x11-themes/murrine-themes x11-themes/nimbus x11-themes/oxygen-molecule x11-themes/redhat-artwork x11-themes/shiki-colors x11-themes/tactile3 x11-themes/zukiniResolução de problemas
Ativar janela de encaixe vertical
A maioria dos ambientes de desktop modernos tem janela de encaixe vertical habilitada por padrão. Isto também é possível no Xfce, mas não por padrão. Para habilitar, navegue para: Configurações → Gerenciador de janela → Guia avançado.
- Certifique-se que a caixa de seleção "Snap windows to screen border" esteja selecionada.
- Certifique-se que as caixas de seleção em "Wrap workspaces when reaching the screen edge" tenham sido desmarcadas. Estas interferem com as janelas de encaixe vertical.
Uma vez que as caixas de seleção estejam configuradas, deve ser possível agora arrastar uma janela para o lado direito ou esquerdo da tela, o que deve fazer com que a janela redimensione à 50% da largura da tela.
Atalhos de teclado podem ser definidos, a fim de fazer isto, via comportamento típico Super+← ou Super+→. Navegue até Configurações → Gerenciador de janela → guia do teclado.
Defina as ações "Tile window to the left" e "Tile window to the right" com as combinações de teclas Super+← e Super+→, respectivamente.
Audio mixer acusa sobre a falta do pacote binário pavucontrol
Ao clicar no ícone de áudio no painel e selecionando Audio mixer... resulta em uma mensagem dizendo "pavucontrol binary not found".
A solução é instalar o pacote media-sound/pavucontrol:
root #emerge --ask media-sound/pavucontrolXfce4-screensaver unable to unlock
Xfce-screensaver uses gnome-keyring by default to authenticate. By applying the installation method above, gnome-keyring will not be pulled and pam will be unable to service the default configuration installed in /etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaver. Either pull gnome-keyring, otherwise the file should be modified to allow system-auth to be used on passwords:
/etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaverauth include system-auth
password include system-auth
Authorization or permissions issues
When experiencing authorization or permissions issues within xfce4 in an OpenRC profile (symptoms include being unable to open power manager and unable to suspend/hibernate) make sure that sys-auth/elogind is installed and properly configured, and that the elogind USE flag is globally enabled.
If launching with startx, replace the appropriate line in ~/.xinitrc with the following:
~/.xinitrcManeira correta de iniciar o xfce4 quando chamar o startxck-launch-session dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session xfce4-session
Dual-monitors get mirrored after monitor suspend
There are (at least) three ways to solve this issue. First is to save the display settings as the default monitor layout profile, then enable that profile as "new monitors connect". There's also the option to show a dialog whenever new monitors are detected, which will default to the profile instead of mirroring, when one is available. Navigate to Settings -> Display -> Advanced to find these options. Remember to configure the display settings before saving the first profile.
2nd way is to kill xfsettingsd after logging to the Xfce session. However this will also make some functionality unavailable, such as global hotkeys. A custom script can be created that kills the service, and add that to the autostarting applications list.
3rd is to have a custom script that can be executed via a .desktop icon on the desktop, panel, or ran manually each time the monitors are turned on.
Review the monitor IDs using the xrandr command.
The custom script could look something like the following:
~/bin/configuremonitors.shconfiguremonitors.shxrandr --output HDMI-A-0 --right-of DisplayPort-0 --auto
Veja também
- Desktop environment — provides a list of desktop environments available in Gentoo.
- Guia do Xfce - Um guia altamente detalhado de instalação e configuração. Leia isto para obter todos os suculentos detalhes relacionados ao Gentoo!