Xfce

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Para citar xfce.org: "Xfce é um ambiente de desktop leve para sistemas operacionais Unix-like. Tem por objetivo ser rápido e de baixo consumo para os recursos do sistema, enquanto está sendo visualmente atraente e fácil de usar."

Prerequisites

Selecting a profile

Importante
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.

Using the basic desktop profile will provide a good set of defaults for Xfce. Other profiles can be used, but this gives a good balance between dependencies and usability, all else aside. To select the desktop profile:

root #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/17.0/desktop

Combined hardened profiles

Users that run hardened profiles can also combine it with all the features of the desktop profile. For steps on doing this please follow Hardened_Desktop_Profiles.

Evitando dependências desnecessárias

app-text/poppler e dev-util/cmake tem a flag +qt5 por padrão:

FILE /etc/portage/package.use/xfceDesative a flag qt5 para o poppler e o cmake

app-text/poppler -qt5

É claro, a flag -qt5 pode também ser definida globalmente no /etc/portage/make.conf se desejar.

xfce4-notifyd

This is an optional step to install xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd in place of x11-misc/notification-daemon. Skip this section if the choice of notification daemon is unimportant.

Emerging xfce-base/xfce4-meta will pull in the virtual/notification-daemon dependency. This virtual dependency is designed to insure that Xfce will be provided with a notification-daemon, whatever suitable software the user chooses to fulfill this role.

By default, virtual/notification-daemon will satisfy this dependency by drawing in GNOME's x11-misc/notification-daemon package. Xfce users may prefer to use xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd, if a notification-daemon has not already been installed.

By installing xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd before emerging Xfce, the virtual package virtual/notification-daemon will use xfce4-notifyd, and pull in no other packages. Use the --oneshot option to avoid adding xfce4-notifyd to the world file:

root #emerge --ask --oneshot xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd

Now proceed with the installation.

Instalação

USE flags

USE flags for xfce-base/xfce4-meta The Xfce Desktop Environment (meta package)

`+svg`	Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
`archive`	Install app-arch/xarchiver.
`calendar`	Add support for calendars (not using mcal!)
`cdr`	Add support for CD writer hardware
`editor`	Install the app-editors/mousepad text editor.
`image`	Install the media-gfx/ristretto image viewer.
`media`	Install the media-video/parole media player.
`minimal`	Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features)
`mpd`	Install the media-sound/xfmpc MPD client.
`pulseaudio`	Add sound server support via media-libs/libpulse (may be PulseAudio or PipeWire)
`remote-fs`	Install the x11-misc/gigolo frontend to manage remote filesystem connections.
`search`	Install the dev-util/catfish search tool frontend.
`upower`	Enable power management support

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-12-15 18:38 More information about USE flags

Emerge

Emerge xfce-base/xfce4-meta for a default set of Xfce packages, to get a reasonably complete desktop environment:

root #emerge --ask xfce-base/xfce4-meta

The xfce-base/xfce4-meta package will provide the following user-facing applications, plus some libraries and system software:

Package	Description
x11-terms/xfce4-terminal	Terminal emulator that integrates well with Xfce, "friendlier" than the standard xterm program.
xfce-base/xfce4-panel	Desktop panel with application launchers, panel menus, a workspace switcher, and more.
xfce-base/xfce4-settings	Configuration system for the Xfce desktop environment, providing configuration dialogs and tools.
xfce-base/thunar	Thunar is Xfce's file manager.
xfce-base/xfce4-appfinder	Application finder.
xfce-base/thunar-volman	Manages removable media and drives.
xfce-base/tumbler	File previewer for Thunar.
xfce-base/xfce4-power-manager	An application to monitor and manage power usage (especially important for laptops). Choose maximum-performance or battery-saving modes. Adjust screen brightness and setup hibernate, suspend, and shutdown actions (i.e., when the lid is shut or buttons are pressed). Can warn when the battery reaches certain levels, or even turn off the machine. Includes panel plugins to display battery/charging status, and control brightness.
xfce-extra/xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin	Volume control for the panel. media-sound/volumeicon may be an option for systems without pulseaudio.

To see everything that is installed by xfce-base/xfce4-meta, see the dependency tab for that package on packages.gentoo.org.

É claro, também é possível selecionar apenas os pacotes necessários:

Aplicativos adicionais

Há uma série de aplicativos adicionais que fazem parte do Xfce.

Package	Description
app-cdr/xfburn	CD burning application.
app-editors/mousepad	Lightweight text editor.
x11-themes/xfwm4-themes	Several window-manager themes.
xfce-extra/thunar-archive-plugin	Plugin for Thunar to work with archives; uses app-arch/file-roller.
xfce-extra/xfce4-battery-plugin	Displays battery percentage, time remaining, power source (AC or battery), fan status, warnings, and can even be configured to execute commands at certain power levels, which can be used to put the laptop into hibernate mode when the battery is almost exhausted.
xfce-extra/xfce4-mount-plugin	One-click mounting of devices listed in /etc/fstab.
xfce-extra/xfce4-sensors-plugin	Monitor hardware sensors, such as CPU temperature, fan RPM, hard drive temp, motherboard voltage, and more.
xfce-extra/xfce4-verve-plugin	A small command line embedded into the panel; quicker than opening up another terminal to run a command.

This is just a partial selection of packages available in the Gentoo repository, see xfce-extra , or use eix (eix --category xfce-extra), to see packages from the xfce-extra category. See also https://www.xfce.org/projects/ for more information.

Os seguintes aplicativos funcionam bem no Xfce e completam um ambiente de desktop básico.

Package	Description
x11-misc/alacarte	GNOME's menu editor works fine in Xfce.
x11-terms/tilda	Lightweight quake-style terminal emulator.

Usage

Launching Xfce

Xfce can either be run from a terminal after login, launched automatically after login, or be started by a graphical display manager that will greet the user and ask for login details.

Iniciando o Xfce sem um gerenciador de login

startx e startxfce4 são duas das opções disponíveis de imediato para iniciar o Xfce sem usar um gerenciador de login.

startx

Quando usar startx, crie um arquivo ~/.xinitrc com o seguinte conteúdo:

FILE ~/.xinitrcIniciar o xfce4 quando chamar o startx

exec startxfce4

If experiencing authorization or permissions issues, see the troubleshooting section.

startxfce4

Para iniciar o desktop do Xfce4 simplesmente digite startxfce4 na linha de comando e pressione o enter:

user $startxfce4

Gerenciadores de login

É possível usar um gerenciador de login para iniciar o Xfce. Por favor, consulte o artigo display manager para configurar um gerenciador de login.

A maioria dos gerenciadores de login usam o arquivo

.desktop para configurar seções disponíveis. O seguinte é um exemplo de um arquivo desktop:

FILE xfce4.desktopArquivo desktop do Xfce4 para gerenciadores de login

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Xfce4
Comment=Use this session to run Xfce 4 as desktop environment
Exec=/usr/bin/startxfce4
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/xfce4_xicon1.png
Type=Application

O arquivo desktop pode ser colocado no local correto para o gerenciador de login.

Configuração

Xfce é um ambiente de desktop e, como tal, pode ser ajustado e adaptado às necessidades de (quase) todos os usuários. Nesta seção, uma série de aspectos populares (ou mais desafiadores) são cobertos.

Teclas de volume

Instale o xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed para gerenciar as teclas de volume (desatualizado - substituições sugeridas incluem media-sound/tudor-volumed ou use associação de teclas do gerenciador de janelas ou mixer) :

root #emerge --ask xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed-pulse

media-sound/tudor-volumed may be an option for systems not using pulseaudio.

Execute xfce4-keyboard-settings para vincular as seguintes teclas:

volume up button: amixer set Master 5%+
volume down button: amixer set Master 5%-
mute button: amixer set Master toggle

Temas consistentes em GTK+ 3

Uma outra opção é usar o tema Greybird, que tem suporte para GTK +2, GTK +3, xfwm4 e metacity:

root #emerge --ask x11-themes/greybird

Vá para Xfce menu -> Configurações -> Aparência. Ou execute xfce4-appearance-settings. Selecione "Greybird" da lista de "estilo".

Agora as aplicações em GTK +2 e GTK +3 devem ter uma aparência consistente.

GTK client side decorations

XFCE by default disables GTK client side decorations. If one wishes to enable them, they can set GTK_CSD=1 environment variable. Apps like Firefox use client side decorations to hide their own title bar.

Outros temas

Outros temas disponíveis no Portage que são compatíveis com o XFCE podem ser instalados com a lista a seguir:

root #

emerge --ask x11-themes/clearlooks-phenix x11-themes/gnome-themes-standard x11-themes/gtk-engines-aurora x11-themes/light-themes x11-themes/murrine-themes x11-themes/nimbus x11-themes/oxygen-molecule x11-themes/redhat-artwork x11-themes/shiki-colors x11-themes/tactile3 x11-themes/zukini

Resolução de problemas

Ativar janela de encaixe vertical

A maioria dos ambientes de desktop modernos tem janela de encaixe vertical habilitada por padrão. Isto também é possível no Xfce, mas não por padrão. Para habilitar, navegue para: Configurações → Gerenciador de janela → Guia avançado.

Certifique-se que a caixa de seleção "Snap windows to screen border" esteja selecionada.
Certifique-se que as caixas de seleção em "Wrap workspaces when reaching the screen edge" tenham sido desmarcadas. Estas interferem com as janelas de encaixe vertical.

Uma vez que as caixas de seleção estejam configuradas, deve ser possível agora arrastar uma janela para o lado direito ou esquerdo da tela, o que deve fazer com que a janela redimensione à 50% da largura da tela.

Atalhos de teclado podem ser definidos, a fim de fazer isto, via comportamento típico Super+← ou Super+→. Navegue até Configurações → Gerenciador de janela → guia do teclado.

Defina as ações "Tile window to the left" e "Tile window to the right" com as combinações de teclas Super+← e Super+→, respectivamente.

Audio mixer acusa sobre a falta do pacote binário pavucontrol

Ao clicar no ícone de áudio no painel e selecionando Audio mixer... resulta em uma mensagem dizendo "pavucontrol binary not found".

A solução é instalar o pacote media-sound/pavucontrol:

root #emerge --ask media-sound/pavucontrol

Xfce4-screensaver unable to unlock

Xfce-screensaver uses gnome-keyring by default to authenticate. By applying the installation method above, gnome-keyring will not be pulled and pam will be unable to service the default configuration installed in /etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaver. Either pull gnome-keyring, otherwise the file should be modified to allow system-auth to be used on passwords:

FILE /etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaver

auth include system-auth
password include system-auth

Authorization or permissions issues

When experiencing authorization or permissions issues within xfce4 in an OpenRC profile (symptoms include being unable to open power manager and unable to suspend/hibernate) make sure that sys-auth/elogind is installed and properly configured, and that the elogind USE flag is globally enabled.

If launching with startx, replace the appropriate line in ~/.xinitrc with the following:

FILE ~/.xinitrcManeira correta de iniciar o xfce4 quando chamar o startx

ck-launch-session dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session xfce4-session

Dual-monitors get mirrored after monitor suspend

There are (at least) three ways to solve this issue. First is to save the display settings as the default monitor layout profile, then enable that profile as "new monitors connect". There's also the option to show a dialog whenever new monitors are detected, which will default to the profile instead of mirroring, when one is available. Navigate to Settings -> Display -> Advanced to find these options. Remember to configure the display settings before saving the first profile.

2nd way is to kill xfsettingsd after logging to the Xfce session. However this will also make some functionality unavailable, such as global hotkeys. A custom script can be created that kills the service, and add that to the autostarting applications list.

3rd is to have a custom script that can be executed via a .desktop icon on the desktop, panel, or ran manually each time the monitors are turned on.

Review the monitor IDs using the xrandr command.

The custom script could look something like the following:

FILE ~/bin/configuremonitors.shconfiguremonitors.sh

xrandr --output HDMI-A-0 --right-of DisplayPort-0 --auto

Veja também

Desktop environment — provides a list of desktop environments available in Gentoo.

Guia do Xfce - Um guia altamente detalhado de instalação e configuração. Leia isto para obter todos os suculentos detalhes relacionados ao Gentoo!