XFS
Il filesystem XFS è un filesystem journaling ad alte prestazioni. È compatibile con ACL (POSIX) per l'uso con Linux.
XFS has a particularly strong reputation for reliability and led to the creation of the venerable xfstests Linux kernel test suite which now tests regressions in various filesystems.
Installazione
Kernel
File systems --->
<*> XFS filesystem support
Opzionali:
File systems --->
[*] XFS Quota support
[*] XFS POSIX ACL support
[*] XFS Realtime subvolume support
[ ] XFS Verbose Warnings
[ ] XFS Debugging support
Emerge
Il pacchetto sys-fs/xfsprogs è necessario per le utilità dello spazio utente XFS:
root #emerge --ask sys-fs/xfsprogsUtilizzo
Mount
Monta il filesystem XFS con il comando mount.
XFS supports SSD discards in /etc/fstab.
Creation
Make an XFS filesystem with mkfs.xfs from xfsprogs:
root #mkfs.xfs -L 'label'The label is optional. Further tuning on creation might be interesting for use as a RAID, multi-terabyte drives, and doing the journaling for a HDD on a separate SSD.
Filesystem information
xfs_spaceman can be used to display information about the space available and to run a report on the health of a filesystem.
root #xfs_spaceman -c info /path/to/mountpointChanging parameters
It is not possible to change the parameters of a mounted filesystem
The parameters of an XFS filesystem can be changed using xfs_admin. For the full list of options, view the manpage: xfs_admin(8)
root #xfs_admin -L 'label' /dev/sda1Expanding a filesystem
The filesystem must be mounted to be grown
To grow an XFS filesystem to N amount, use xfs_growfs.
root #xfs_growfs -D N /path/to/mountpointUsing the
-d argument results in it being expanded to the max sizeFreezing
To suspend access to a filesystem, use the xfs_freeze command.
root #xfs_freeze -f /path/to/mountpointUtilities
| Utility | Description[1] | Man page |
|---|---|---|
| fsck.xfs | Checks a filesystem for corruption | fsck.xfs(8) |
| mkfs.xfs | Creates a new filesystem | mkfs.xfs(8) |
| xfs_admin | Changes the parameters of a filesystem | xfs_admin(8) |
| xfs_bmap | Prints block mapping for an XFS file | xfs_bmap(8) |
| xfs_copy | Copies contents of a filesystem to one or more targets in parallel | xfs_copy(8) |
| xfs_estimate | Estimate the amount of space a directory would consume if it were copied to an XFS filesystem | xfs_estimate(8) |
| xfs_db | Used to debug an XFS filesystem | xfs_db(8) |
| xfs_freeze | Suspends access to a filesystem | xfs_freeze(8) |
| xfs_fsr | Improves organization of mounted filesystems, compacting or improving the layout of extents | xfs_fsr(8) |
| xfs_growfs | Increases a filesystem's size | xfs_growfs(8) |
| xfs_info | Equivalent to invoking xfs_growfs but does not change any aspects about the filesystem | xfs_info(8) |
| xfs_io | Used for debugging, like xfs_db but for regular file paths than raw volumes | xfs_io(8) |
| xfs_logprint | Prints the log of an XFS filesystem | xfs_logprint(8) |
| xfs_mdrestore | Restores an XFS metadump image to a filesystem image | xfs_mdrestore(8) |
| xfs_metadump | Copies filesystem metadata to a file | xfs_metadump(8) |
| xfs_mkfile | Creates an XFS file (padded by zeroes by default) | xfs_mkfile(8) |
| xfs_ncheck | Generates pathnames from inode numbers | xfs_ncheck(8) |
| xfs_quota | Used for reporting and editing different aspects of filesystem quotas | xfs_quota(8) |
| xfs_repair | Repairs corrupted or damaged XFS filesystems | xfs_repair(8) |
| xfs_rtcp | Copies a file to a real-time partition | xfs_rtcp(8) |
| xfs_scrub | Checks and repairs contents of a mounted filesystem | xfs_scrub(8) |
| xfs_scrub_all | Scrubs all mounted XFS filesystems | xfs_scrub_all(8) |
| xfs_spaceman | Reports and controls free space usage | xfs_spaceman(8) |
Maintenance
Year 2038 timestamp support (bigtime)
Older partitions (created with <xfsprogs-5.15) will not have bigtime enabled by default. Mounting such partitions results in a warning like:
root #dmesg... [ 4.036258] xfs filesystem being mounted at /home supports timestamps until 2038 (0x7fffffff) ...
To check the current version of xfsprogs, run mkfs.xfs -V. There's no need for this on up-to-date Gentoo systems, but it might be necessary if using install media from another distribution with older userland.
The bigtime code support was enabled by default in xfsprogs 5.15, so manual setting is not required in newer versions.
Beginning with kernel 5.10, XFS gained bigtime support to extend the maximum recorded date stamps from 2038 to 2486 for the V5 on-disk format.[2]
To upgrade an older filesystem to bigtime, first cleanly unmount the file system. The upgrade will refuse to run if the unmount was not completely clean.
Then run:
root #xfs_admin -O bigtime=1 /dev/sda1Replacing /dev/sda1 with the device path.
XFS on the root mount will require an initramfs or other live environment with the necessary tools to perform an upgrade to the metadata.
Using Dracut initramfs to perform the upgrade
First, Dracut needs additional files included in the initramfs in order to perform the upgrade. This can be accomplished with either the --install option or inside a configuration file using the install_items option.
root #dracut --install "/usr/sbin/xfs_admin /usr/bin/expr" ...Then, the kernel command line option can be modified to include rd.break=pre-mount to stop the initramfs just before it would mount the root filesystem. Ensure this is done temporarily and removed on subsequent reboots after upgrade.
Rimozione
Per pianificare la rimozione alla prossima esecuzione:
root #emerge --ask --depclean --verbose sys-fs/xfsprogsVedere anche
- FAT — filesystem originariamente creato per l'uso con MS-DOS (e successivamente Microsoft Windows pre-NT).
- Ext4 — un open source filesystem e la versione più recente della serie estesa di filesystem.
- Btrfs — un filesystem CoW (copy-on-write, copia-in-scrittura) adatto a Linux che mira ad implementare funzionalità avanzate, concentrandosi sulla tolleranza agli errori, la riparazione e la facilità di amministrazione.