Vergleich der Init-Systeme

Dieser Artikel vergleicht und kontrasiert Init-Systeme. Einige der unten verglichenen Init-Systeme sind für Gentoo verfügbar, während andere (wie launchd und SMF) es nicht sind.

Verfügbare Software

Funktion	Init-System
	sysvinit	OpenRC	upstart	systemd	SMF	launchd	Epoch	finit	runit	s6 + s6-rc	BSD rc.d
In Gentoo unterstützt	teilweise (verwendet von OpenRC)	Yes (default init)	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Paket / Bug#	sys-apps/sysvinit	sys-apps/openrc	bug #498376 sys-apps/upstart im unity-gentoo overlay.	sys-apps/systemd	-	-	sys-apps/epoch	-	sys-process/runit	sys-apps/s6 + sys-apps/s6-rc	-
Unterstützte Plattformen	Linux / BSD	Linux + BSD	Linux	Linux	Solaris	MacOSX	Linux	Linux	Linux / BSD / MacOSX	Linux / BSD / MacOSX	BSD
Hauptsächlich verwendete Programmiersprache	C	POSIX shell (+ C)	C	C	C	C	C	C	C	C	POSIX shell (+ C)
Hauptabhängigkeiten	-	init (sysv or BSD)	D-Bus	D-Bus	init(sysv?)	-	libc, /bin/sh	?	-	skalibs, execline	rcorder
Init-Skript/Dienstformat	Einzelne Konfigurationsdatei	Shellskripte	Konfigurationsdateien + Shellfragmente	Konfigurationsdateien (ini)	XML (+ Shellskripte)	plist	Mehrere oder einzelne .conf-Datei(en)	Mehrere oder einzelne .conf-Datei(en)	Shellskripte	execline oder Shellskripte	Shellskripte
Per-Dienst-Konfiguration	No	Yes (conf.d)	Mit in-Job-Mechanismen (normal exit, respawn)	Yes	Yes (Dienstinstanzen)	?	Yes (v1.1+)	?	No	No	No
Läuft als Daemon	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (per Aufruf)	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (PID 1)	Yes (sys-apps/s6-linux-init)	Yes (PID 1)
Dienstübergreifende Abhängigkeiten/Ereignisse	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes (Grundlegende Unterstützung, v1.3+)	?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Parallelstart von Diensten	Yes	Yes (optional)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Aufrechterhaltung von Daemons	Yes	Yes (optional ab v0.21+ per supervise-daemon)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bevorzugter Bereitsteller der Dienst-Dateien	k.a.	Gentoo	Ubuntu	upstream	Solaris	MacOSX	k.a.	k.a.	Void Linux	k.a.	NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD
Lizenz	GPL v2+	2-cl. BSD	GPL v2	LGPL v2.1+	?	Apache License 2.0	Unlicense	MIT	BSD	ISC	BSD

! ! sysvinit ! OpenRC ! upstart ! systemd ! SMF ! launchd ! Epoch ! finit ! runit ! s6 + s6-rc ! 66 + 66-rc ! BSD rc.d ! dinit |-

| Supported in Gentoo || partially (used by OpenRC) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (default init) || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No |-

| Package / Bug# || sys-apps/sysvinit || sys-apps/openrc || bug #498376
sys-apps/upstart in unity-gentoo overlay. || sys-apps/systemd || - || - || sys-apps/epoch || - || sys-process/runit || sys-apps/s6 + sys-apps/s6-rc || - || - || - |-

| Supported platforms || Linux / BSD || Linux + BSD || Linux || Linux || Solaris || MacOSX || Linux || Linux || Linux / BSD / MacOSX || Linux / BSD / MacOSX || Linux || BSD || Linux / BSD / MacOSX |-

| Main coding language || C || POSIX shell (+ C) || C || C || C || C || C || C || C || C || C || POSIX shell (+ C) || C++ |-

| Main dependencies || - || init (sysv or BSD) || D-Bus || D-Bus || init(sysv?) || - || libc, /bin/sh || ? || - || skalibs, execline || s6, s6-rc || rcorder || - |-

| Init script/service format || single config file || shell scripts || config files + shell fragments || config files (ini) || XML (+ shell scripts) || plist || multiple or single .conf || multiple or single .conf || shell scripts || execline or shell scripts || config files + execline fragments || shell scripts || config files |-

| Per-service configuration || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (conf.d) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | With in-job mechanisms (normal exit, respawn) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (service instances) || ? || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (v1.1+) || ? || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes |-

| Running as a daemon || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (invoked) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (sys-apps/s6-linux-init) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (PID 1) |-

| Cross-service dependencies/events || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (basic support, v1.3+) || ? || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes |-

| Parallel service startup || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (optional) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #F2DEDE; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-no" | No || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes |-

| Keeping daemons alive || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes (optional v0.21+ via supervise-daemon) || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes || style="background-color: #DFF0D8; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; " class="cell-yes" | Yes |-

| Preferred service file supplier || n/a || Gentoo || Ubuntu || upstream || Solaris || MacOSX || n/a || n/a || Void Linux || Artix Linux || Obarun || NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD || n/a |-

| License || GPL v2+ || 2-cl. BSD || GPL v2 || LGPL v2.1+ || ? || Apache License 2.0 || Unlicense || MIT || BSD || ISC || ISC || BSD || Apache License 2.0 |-

|}

Unterstützte Dienste (in Gentoo)

Feature	OpenRC	systemd
Filesystem mounting	One script per group (root, local, network, swap, etc.).	Two units per mount point (fsck + mount), runtime-generated with dependencies.
getty (terminal prompts)	Started through /etc/inittab or via agetty script	One unit per console, instantiated from template on-demand.
Networking setup	Several options like dhcpcd, netifrc, iwd, or NetworkManager.	Integrated (systemd-networkd), or using any of the external options mentioned prior.
X11 Display Manager setup	Single service for all (required to auto-restart).	Separate Display Manager units.

Siehe auch

• Runit — a daemontools-inspired process supervision suite that also provides a program suitable for running as process 1.
• S6 and s6-rc-based init system — an init system built using components from the s6, s6-rc and s6-linux-init packages
• OpenRC — a dependency-based init system for Unix-like systems that maintains compatibility with the system-provided init system (siehe den init Abschnitt).

Externe Ressourcen

• s6 - Forenthread
• Forenthread
• openrc-init
• GNU shepherd - Servicemanager für das GNU Betriebssystem.