Installkernel/fr
Installkernel is a collection of scripts to automatically install new kernels and update bootloader configuration.
The package sys-kernel/installkernel provides two different paths of managing kernel installation. The first is the traditional installkernel originating from Debian, the second is systemd's kernel-install.
The systemd USE flag changes which one is used by default, this default can be overridden with the SYSTEMD_KERNEL_INSTALL environment variable.
Debian's installkernel
To select this installation method, disable the systemd USE flag or set SYSTEMD_KERNEL_INSTALL=0 in the environment. The additional USE flags on sys-kernel/installkernel should be used to control the installation of additional automation plugins as shown in the overview below.
USE flags for sys-kernel/installkernel Gentoo fork of installkernel script from debianutils
dracut
|
Generate an initramfs or UKI on each kernel installation |
efistub
|
EXPERIMENTAL: Update UEFI configuration on each kernel installation |
grub
|
Re-generate grub.cfg on each kernel installation, used grub.cfg is overridable with GRUB_CFG env var |
refind
|
Install a Gentoo icon for rEFInd alongside the (unified) kernel image, used icon is overridable with REFIND_ICON env var |
systemd
|
Use systemd's kernel-install to install kernels, overridable with SYSTEMD_KERNEL_INSTALL env var |
systemd-boot
|
Use systemd-boot's native layout by default |
ugrd
|
Generate an initramfs using UGRD on each kernel installation |
uki
|
Install UKIs to ESP/EFI/Linux for EFI stub booting and/or bootloaders with support for auto-discovering UKIs |
ukify
|
Build an UKI with systemd's ukify on each kernel installation |
/etc/portage/package.use/installkernelsys-kernel/installkernel -systemd
root #emerge --ask sys-kernel/installkernel/etc/env.d/99no-systemd-kernel-installSYSTEMD_KERNEL_INSTALL=0
root #env-updateSince the traditional installkernel installs the initramfs and/or Unified Kernel Image (UKI) at the same place as the kernel image, these files may be left-over when switching from a configuration with initramfs and/or Unified Kernel Image to one without. In this situation these files may have to be cleaned up manually to ensure they are not picked up and installed by installkernel.
Personnalisation
Custom plugins to, for example, generate initramfs or Unified Kernel Image (UKI) may be installed into /etc/kernel/preinst.d. An initramfs plugin should install a file named initrd at the same location as the kernel image. And an UKI plugin should install a file named uki.efi at the same location as the kernel image.
Additionally, custom plugins to, for example, update the bootloader configuration may be installed in /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
Systemd's kernel-install
To select this installation method, enable the systemd USE flag or set SYSTEMD_KERNEL_INSTALL=1 in the environment. The additional USE flags on sys-kernel/installkernel control the default configuration of kernel-install as described below.
/etc/portage/package.use/installkernelsys-kernel/installkernel systemd
root #emerge --ask sys-kernel/installkernel/etc/env.d/99systemd-kernel-installSYSTEMD_KERNEL_INSTALL=1
root #env-updateConfiguration
Configuration of kernel-install is done in /etc/kernel/install.conf and /usr/lib/kernel/install.conf, where the former takes precedence over the latter. Three configuration options can be set:
/etc/kernel/install.conflayout=
initrd_generator=
uki_generator=
The USE flags on sys-kernel/installkernel that provide additional automation plugins for Debian's installkernel also control the default install.conf configuration file for systemd's kernel-install. Of course the configuration may also be changed manually.
layout
Upstream systemd supports the Boot Loader Specification type 1 (layout=bls) and type 2 (layout=uki) layout. The type 1 layout is used by systemd-boot, the type 2 layout is intended to be used for Unified Kernel Images and is supported by GRUB, systemd-boot and refind, though installkernel currently does not provide a plugin to update refind's configuration.
Gentoo also supports a more traditional layout intended for use with GRUB (layout=grub), which is very similar (but not identical) to the layout used by Debian's installkernel as described above. This layout may also be used in other cases where a more basic and traditional layout is desired. To use GRUB in combination with Unified Kernel Images, use the uki layout instead.
initrd_generator
This setting controls which plugin should be used to generate the initramfs. Currently the only package that installs such a plugin is Dracut from sys-kernel/dracut. This setting is exposed to the plugins as ${KERNEL_INSTALL_INITRD_GENERATOR}.
uki_generator
This setting controls which plugin should be used to generate the Unified Kernel Image. Currently two packages provide such a plugin: sys-kernel/dracut and systemd (via the ukify flag on sys-apps/systemd and sys-apps/systemd-utils). This setting is exposed to the plugins as ${KERNEL_INSTALL_UKI_GENERATOR}
Personnalisation
Custom plugins to, for example, generate initramfs or UKI, or update the bootloader configuration, may be installed into /etc/kernel/install.d. An initramfs plugin should install a file named initrd on the ${KERNEL_INSTALL_STAGING_AREA}. And an UKI plugin should install a file named uki.efi on the ${KERNEL_INSTALL_STAGING_AREA}. All plugin files must have the .install suffix. Plugins in /etc/kernel/install.d override default plugins in /usr/lib/kernel/install.d with the same name.
See also
- GRUB — is a multiboot secondary bootloader capable of loading kernels from a variety of filesystems on most system architectures.
- systemd-boot — a minimal UEFI boot manager.
- EFI stub — describes EFI stub kernels, i.e. kernels directly executable from UEFI.
- initramfs — is used to prepare Linux systems during boot before the init process starts.
- Project:Distribution_Kernel — aims to maintain sys-kernel/*-kernel packages.