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O pacote app-portage/portage-utils é uma coleção de utilitários muito rápidos escritos em C, que são destinados a oferecer uma alternativa mais rápida, mas mais limitada que seu homólogo app-portage/gentoolkit. Por favor note que as q applets não destinam a substituir o gentoolkit. Os utilitários podem ser muito mais eficientes do que os equivalentes do gentoolkit e podem ser mais adequados para serem usados em scripts que precisam chamar o Portage repetidamente, mas elas "não" oferecem a mesma funcionalidade. q applets não consideram eclasses e não fornecem ferramentas como revdep-rebuild ou glsa-check.

These are meant to offer a faster but more limited alternative to their gentoolkit counterparts.

q applets were not created to replace gentoolkit. q applets do not consider eclasses and do not provide tools like revdep-rebuild or glsa-check.

Instalação

USE flags

USE flags for app-portage/portage-utils Small and fast Portage helper tools written in C

`openmp`	Build support for the OpenMP (support parallel computing), requires >=sys-devel/gcc-4.2 built with USE="openmp"
`qmanifest`	Build qmanifest applet, this adds additional dependencies for GPG, OpenSSL and BLAKE2B hashing
`qtegrity`	Build qtegrity applet, this adds additional dependencies for OpenSSL
`static`	!!do not set this during bootstrap!! Causes binaries to be statically linked instead of dynamically

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2022-10-25 12:48 More information about USE flags

Emerge

Instalar q applets:

root #emerge --ask app-portage/portage-utils

Uso

Invocação

A lista completa das aplicações que são fornecidos pelo app-portage/portage-utils podem ser listados digitando man q ou q --help. Por favor, leia a página de manual para cada utilitário descrito, como este guia serve apenas para ser uma breve referência para as funções mais úteis e não inclui todas as informações sobre cada aplicação.

Para ver os applets disponíveis com uma breve descrição de suas funções, use q --help:

user $q --help

usage: q <applet> <args>  : invoke a portage utility applet

currently defined applets:
         q <applet> <args> : virtual applet
     qatom <pkg>           : split atom strings
    qcheck <pkgname>       : verify integrity of installed packages
  qdepends <pkgname>       : show dependency info
     qfile <filename>      : list all pkgs owning files
     qgrep <expr> [pkg ...]: grep in ebuilds
  qkeyword <action> <args> : list packages based on keywords
     qlist <pkgname>       : list files owned by pkgname
      qlop <pkgname>       : emerge log analyzer
 qmanifest <misc args>     : verify or generate thick Manifest files
    qmerge <pkgnames>      : fetch and merge binary package
      qpkg <misc args>     : create or manipulate Gentoo binpkgs
   qsearch <regex>         : search pkgname/desc
     qsize <pkgname>       : calculate size usage
     qtbz2 <misc args>     : manipulate tbz2 packages
  qtegrity <misc args>     : verify files with IMA
      quse <useflag>       : find pkgs using useflags
    qwhich <pkg ...>       : find path to pkg
     qxpak <misc args>     : manipulate xpak archives

options: -[ioemvqChV]
  -i, --install    * Install symlinks for applets
  -o, --overlays   * Print available overlays (read from repos.conf)
  -e, --envvar     * Print used variables and their found values
  -m, --masks      * Print (package.)masks for the current profile
      --root <arg> * Set the ROOT env var
  -v, --verbose    * Report full package versions, emit more elaborate output
  -q, --quiet      * Tighter output; suppress warnings
  -C, --nocolor    * Don't output color
      --color      * Force color in output
  -h, --help       * Print this help and exit
  -V, --version    * Print version and exit

Como encontrar um pacote ao qual um arquivo pertence (qfile)

O comando qfile encontra um pacote ao qual o arquivo pertence:

Example one:

user $qfile /etc/fonts/fonts.conf

media-libs/fontconfig (/etc/fonts/fonts.conf)

Example two:

user $qfile /usr/share/keymaps/atari/atari-uk-falcon.map.gz

sys-apps/kbd (/usr/share/keymaps/atari/atari-uk-falcon.map.gz)

Verificando a integridade dos pacotes (qcheck)

Para verificar as somas MD5 ou tempo de modificação dos arquivos instalados por algum pacote, use a aplicação qcheck:

user $qcheck portage-utils

Checking app-portage/portage-utils-0.1.13 ...
  * 36 out of 36 files are good

É claro, todos os arquivos que foram modificados após a instalação serão reportados aqui. Se a aplicação reportar arquivos de configuração que foram editados manualmente após a instalação, então não há nada para se preocupar.

To check the integrity of all installed packages, enter:

root #qcheck

Listando pacotes que dependem de algum pacote (qdepends)

Note
This shows what might be used and not necessarily is being used on a particular system. It does not always account for the USE variables of packages that are installed or in a list of alternates.

Claro que há também uma aplicação que permite listar todos os pacotes que dependem de algum pacote. Isto é feito usando qdepends. Use a opção -a para mostrar todas as informações de DEPEND, RDEPEND e PDEPEND para um pacote.

user $qdepends mutt

mail-client/mutt-1.13.1: >=app-portage/elt-patches-20170815 >=sys-devel/automake-1.15.1:1.15 dev-libs/libressl:0/47= dev-db/lmdb:0/0.9.24= virtual/libintl www-client/w3m !<sys-devel/gettext-0.18.1.1-r3 dev-libs/libxslt dev-libs/libxml2 >=sys-devel/automake-1.16.1:1.16 >=sys-devel/libtool-2.4 >=sys-devel/autoconf-2.69 net-dns/libidn2 virtual/libiconv >=app-crypt/gpgme-0.9.0:1/11= www-client/elinks app-misc/mime-types app-text/docbook-xsl-stylesheets >=dev-libs/cyrus-sasl-2 www-client/lynx net-mail/mailbase >=sys-libs/ncurses-5.2:0/6=

Use -v to get a shell-compatible and formatted dependency output list, like found in ebuilds.

user $qdepends -rv mutt

mail-client/mutt-1.13.1:
RDEPEND="
    app-misc/mime-types
    virtual/libiconv
    dev-db/lmdb:0/0.9.24=
    dev-libs/libressl:0/47=
    virtual/libintl
    >=dev-libs/cyrus-sasl-2
    net-dns/libidn2
    >=app-crypt/gpgme-0.9.0:1/11=
    >=sys-libs/ncurses-5.2:0/6=
"

To list all of the installed packages that depend on a package use the -Q option.

user $qdepends -Q mime-types

mail-client/mutt-1.13.1: >=app-portage/elt-patches-20170815 >=sys-devel/automake-1.15.1:1.15 dev-libs/libressl:0/47= dev-db/lmdb:0/0.9.24= virtual/libintl www-client/w3m !<sys-devel/gettext-0.18.1.1-r3 dev-libs/libxslt dev-libs/libxml2 >=sys-devel/automake-1.16.1:1.16 >=sys-devel/libtool-2.4 >=sys-devel/autoconf-2.69 net-dns/libidn2 virtual/libiconv >=app-crypt/gpgme-0.9.0:1/11= app-misc/mime-types www-client/elinks app-text/docbook-xsl-stylesheets >=dev-libs/cyrus-sasl-2 www-client/lynx net-mail/mailbase >=sys-libs/ncurses-5.2:0/6=
dev-lang/python-2.7.16: >=app-portage/elt-patches-20170815 >=sys-libs/readline-4.1:0/8= >=sys-devel/automake-1.15.1:1.15 dev-libs/libressl:0/47= virtual/libintl >=dev-db/sqlite-3.3.8:3/3= virtual/pkgconfig !<sys-devel/gettext-0.18.1.1-r3 virtual/libffi >=sys-devel/automake-1.16.1:1.16 >=dev-libs/expat-2.1 >=sys-libs/zlib-1.1.3:0/1= >=sys-devel/autoconf-2.69 >=app-eselect/eselect-python-20140125-r1 app-misc/mime-types >=sys-devel/autoconf-2.65 !!<sys-apps/portage-2.1.9 app-arch/bzip2:0/1= !sys-devel/gcc[libffi(+)] >=sys-libs/ncurses-5.2:0/6=
dev-lang/python-3.7.2: >=app-portage/elt-patches-20170815 >=sys-libs/readline-4.1:0/8= >=sys-devel/automake-1.15.1:1.15 virtual/libffi:0/7= dev-libs/libressl:0/47= virtual/libintl >=dev-db/sqlite-3.3.8:3/3= app-arch/xz-utils:0/0= virtual/pkgconfig !<sys-devel/gettext-0.18.1.1-r3 >=sys-devel/automake-1.16.1:1.16 !!<sys-apps/sandbox-2.6-r1 >=dev-libs/expat-2.1:0/0= >=sys-libs/zlib-1.1.3:0/1= >=sys-devel/autoconf-2.69 >=app-eselect/eselect-python-20140125-r1 app-misc/mime-types app-arch/bzip2:0/1= !sys-devel/gcc[libffi(+)] >=sys-libs/ncurses-5.2:0/6=
dev-lang/python-3.6.8: >=app-portage/elt-patches-20170815 >=sys-libs/readline-4.1:0/8= >=sys-devel/automake-1.15.1:1.15 virtual/libffi:0/7= dev-libs/libressl:0/47= virtual/libintl >=dev-db/sqlite-3.3.8:3/3= app-arch/xz-utils:0/0= virtual/pkgconfig !<sys-devel/gettext-0.18.1.1-r3 >=sys-devel/automake-1.16.1:1.16 !!<sys-apps/sandbox-2.6-r1 >=dev-libs/expat-2.1:0/0= >=sys-libs/zlib-1.1.3:0/1= >=sys-devel/autoconf-2.69 >=app-eselect/eselect-python-20140125-r1 app-misc/mime-types app-arch/bzip2:0/1= !sys-devel/gcc[libffi(+)] >=sys-libs/ncurses-5.2:0/6=

Listando todos os pacotes (instalados ou não) que dependem de algum pacote (qgrep)

As q applets podem ser usadas para encontrar ebuilds que mencionam o nome de um ebuild ("libechonest" é usado no exemplo abaixo) com grande velocidade:

user $qgrep -l libechonest

media-libs/libechonest/libechonest-2.0.2.ebuild
media-libs/libechonest/libechonest-2.2.0-r1.ebuild
media-libs/libechonest/libechonest-2.3.0.ebuild
media-libs/libechonest/libechonest-2.3.1.ebuild
media-libs/libechonest/libechonest-2.3.1-r1.ebuild
media-libs/libechonest/libechonest-9999.ebuild
media-sound/clementine/clementine-1.2.3.ebuild
media-sound/clementine/clementine-1.2.3-r1.ebuild
media-sound/clementine/clementine-1.3.1-r1.ebuild
media-sound/tomahawk/tomahawk-0.8.4-r3.ebuild
media-sound/tomahawk/tomahawk-9999.ebuild

The -J option will limit the search to installed packages. -N will print the atom instead of the filename.

user $qgrep -NJ net-print/cups

app-office/libreoffice-6.1.5.2: cups? ( net-print/cups )
dev-qt/qtprintsupport-5.11.3:   cups? ( >=net-print/cups-1.4 )
net-print/hplip-3.18.6: net-print/cups
net-print/hplip-3.18.6: hpijs? ( net-print/cups-filters[foomatic] )
net-print/cups-2.2.7:PDEPEND=">=net-print/cups-filters-1.0.43"
net-print/cups-filters-1.21.6:  >=net-print/cups-1.7.3
net-print/cups-filters-1.21.6:  !<=net-print/cups-1.5.9999
dev-java/icedtea-bin-3.10.0-r1: cups? ( >=net-print/cups-2.0% )
net-wireless/bluez-5.50-r2:     cups? ( net-print/cups:= )
app-text/ghostscript-gpl-9.26:  cups? ( >=net-print/cups-1.3.8 )
x11-libs/gtk+-2.24.32-r1:       cups? ( >=net-print/cups-1.7.1-r2:=[${MULTILIB_USEDEP}] )
x11-libs/gtk+-3.24.4-r1:        cups? ( >=net-print/cups-1.2[${MULTILIB_USEDEP}] )

Listando arquivos que pertencem à um ebuild (qlist)

O comando qlist apresenta uma lista de todos os arquivos que pertencem à um ebuild.

user $qlist vim

/usr/bin/gvim
/usr/bin/gvimdiff
/usr/bin/evim
/usr/bin/eview
/usr/bin/gview
/usr/bin/rgvim
[...]

Procurando por pacotes que usam alguma USE flag (quse)

Listar o uso de USE flags é feito com quse, que deve ser executado com permissões de root.

user $quse firefox

app-misc/tracker/tracker-0.12.10-r1.ebuild applet doc eds elibc_glibc exif firefox-bookmarks flac flickr gif
[...]

To display the description of a USE-flag, the -D option can be used. This can be combined with the -p option, which takes an atom name as argument, to list all USE-flags for the given atom.

user $quse -Dvp autogen

sys-devel/autogen-5.18.16-r1
  libopts       install the libopts tarball (a few packages want this for developing)
  static-libs   Build static versions of dynamic libraries as well

Encontrando o tamanho dos pacotes (qsize)

Para mostrar o tamanho de um pacote, use a aplicação qsize:

user $qsize vim-core

app-editors/vim-core: 1846 files, 175 non-files, 28.5M 
[...]

Pesquisando na árvore do Portage (qsearch)

Uma das ferramentas mais poderosas do app-portage/portage-utils é o qsearch. Esta ferramenta permite pesquisar a árvore do Portage muito mais rápido do que usar o comando emerge -s.

Aqui estão alguns exemplos de seu uso:

user $qsearch terminus

media-fonts/terminus-font: A clean fixed font for the console and X11

A página inicial dos pacotes pode ser consultada usando a opção -H:

user $qsearch -H terminus

media-fonts/terminus-font: http://terminus-font.sourceforge.net/

Em outro exemplo, vamos olhar para o cliente jabber:

user $qsearch -S "jabber client"

app-emacs/emacs-jabber: A Jabber client for Emacs
net-im/coccinella: Jabber Client With a Built-in Whiteboard and VoIP (jingle)
net-im/gajim: Jabber client written in PyGTK
net-im/tkabber: A jabber client written in Tcl/Tk
net-im/vacuum: Qt Crossplatform Jabber client

Extraindo informações de log do emerge (qlop)

Há também uma ferramenta que possibilita extrair informações úteis do arquivo emerge.log. É chamada de qlop e pode ser útil quando o tempo de compilação do pacote precisa ser estimado ou para comparar o tempo de construção com outros sistemas. Permite também verificar o que está compilando no momento e quanto tempo isso vai levar - o que é útil quando se trabalha no console e não tem nenhum outro meio para verificar.

Para ver quanto tempo uma construção do dev-lang/perl geralmente leva:

user $qlop -a perl

dev-lang/perl: 7′12″ average for 3 merges

Para ver o que está instalando no momento e há quanto tempo o processo já está em execução:

user $qlop -rt

2019-12-31T03:07:16 >>> net-fs/samba: 6′19″... (82 of 85) ETA: 23s

Install binary package (qmerge)

qmerge can quickly install binary packages (binpkgs):

user $qmerge sys-apps/sed

[R] sys-apps/sed-4.8

Troubleshooting

Defining atom fields for applet commands

Certain q applet commands / argument combinations (such as qsearch --format) mention the use of atom formatting. The defintion of this formatting can be found on the qatom man page under the --format (-F) argument:

user $man 1 qatom

Veja também

Portage — the official package manager and distribution system for Gentoo.
Gentoolkit — um conjunto de ferramentas para facilitar a administração do sistema Gentoo, em particular do Portage.
Useful Portage tools — provides a list of Gentoo-specific system management tools, notably for Portage, available in the ebuild repository.

This page is based on a document formerly found on our main website gentoo.org.
The following people contributed to the original document: Åukasz Damentko, , and Marcelo Góes
They are listed here because wiki history does not allow for any external attribution. If you edit the wiki article, please do not add yourself here; your contributions are recorded on each article's associated history page.