PHP
PHPは、動的なWebページを生成する汎用のサーバー側スクリプト言語です。
Contents
インストール
USE フラグ
Portage knows the global php USE flag for enabling support for PHP in other packages. Enabling this USE flag will pull in the dev-lang/php package automatically upon updating the deep dependencies in the @world set. First set the global use flag in /etc/portage/make.conf:
/etc/portage/make.confAdding php as global USE flagUSE="php"
The most important USE flags of the PHP package, the SAPI (Server API) USE flags, are apache2, cgi, and fpm. Alongside these flags, there is an elaborate list of flags to enable various features of the PHP interpreter:
USE flags for dev-lang/php The PHP language runtime engine
acl
|
Add support for Access Control Lists | global |
apache2
|
Add Apache2 support | global |
argon2
|
Enable password hashing algorithm from app-crypt/argon2 | local |
bcmath
|
Add support for libbcmath | global |
berkdb
|
Add support for sys-libs/db (Berkeley DB for MySQL) | global |
bzip2
|
Use the bzlib compression library | global |
calendar
|
Add support for calendars (not using mcal!) | global |
cdb
|
Add support for the CDB database engine from the author of qmail | global |
cgi
|
Add CGI script support | global |
cjk
|
Add support for Multi-byte character languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) | global |
cli
|
Enable CLI SAPI | local |
coverage
|
Include gcov symbols for test coverage and lcov reports. Only useful for extension developers, and requires GCC. | local |
ctype
|
Enable ctype functions | global |
curl
|
Add support for client-side URL transfer library | global |
debug
|
Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces | global |
embed
|
Enable embed SAPI | local |
enchant
|
Add supports Enchant spelling library. | local |
exif
|
Add support for reading EXIF headers from JPEG and TIFF images | global |
fileinfo
|
Add fileinfo extension support | local |
filter
|
Add filter extension support | local |
firebird
|
Add support for the Firebird relational database | global |
flatfile
|
Add dbm support for flat files | global |
fpm
|
Enable the FastCGI Process Manager SAPI | local |
ftp
|
Add FTP (File Transfer Protocol) support | global |
gd
|
Adds support for gd (bundled with PHP) | local |
gdbm
|
Add support for sys-libs/gdbm (GNU database libraries) | global |
gmp
|
Add support for dev-libs/gmp (GNU MP library) | global |
hash
|
Enable the hash extension | local |
iconv
|
Enable support for the iconv character set conversion library | global |
imap
|
Add support for IMAP (Internet Mail Application Protocol) | global |
inifile
|
Add dbm support for .ini files | global |
intl
|
Enables the intl extension for extended internalization support | local |
iodbc
|
Add support for iODBC library | global |
ipv6
|
Add support for IP version 6 | global |
json
|
Enable JSON support | local |
kerberos
|
Add kerberos support | global |
ldap
|
Add LDAP support (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) | global |
ldap-sasl
|
Add SASL support for the PHP LDAP extension | local |
libedit
|
Use the libedit library (replacement for readline) | global |
libressl
|
Use dev-libs/libressl as SSL provider (might need ssl USE flag), packages should not depend on this USE flag | global |
lmdb
|
Enable support for dev-db/lmdb db backend | local |
mhash
|
Add support for the mhash library | global |
mssql
|
Add support for Microsoft SQL Server database | global |
mysql
|
Add mySQL Database support | global |
mysqli
|
Add support for the improved mySQL libraries | global |
nls
|
Add Native Language Support (using gettext - GNU locale utilities) | global |
oci8-instant-client
|
Use dev-db/oracle-instantclient-basic as Oracle provider instead of requiring a full Oracle server install | global |
odbc
|
Add ODBC Support (Open DataBase Connectivity) | global |
opcache
|
Enables built-in opcode cache, replacing pecl-apc et al. | local |
pcntl
|
Add support for process creation functions | global |
pdo
|
Enable the bundled PDO extensions | local |
phar
|
Enables the phar extension to provide phar archive support | local |
phpdbg
|
Enable the PHP Debug Command Line SAPI (like gdb for php) | local |
posix
|
Add support for POSIX-compatible functions | global |
postgres
|
Add support for the postgresql database | global |
qdbm
|
Add support for the qdbm (Quick Database Manager) library | global |
readline
|
Enable support for libreadline, a GNU line-editing library that almost everyone wants | global |
recode
|
Enable support for the GNU recode library | global |
selinux
|
!!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur | global |
session
|
Add persistent session support | global |
sharedmem
|
Add support for shared memory use | global |
simplexml
|
Support for SimpleXML | global |
snmp
|
Add support for the Simple Network Management Protocol if available | global |
soap
|
Add support for SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) | global |
sockets
|
Add support for tcp/ip sockets | global |
sodium
|
Enable support for crypto through libsodium | local |
spell
|
Add dictionary support | global |
sqlite
|
Add support for sqlite - embedded sql database | global |
ssl
|
Add support for Secure Socket Layer connections | global |
systemd
|
Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking | global |
sysvipc
|
Support for System V-compatible inter-process communication | global |
test
|
Workaround to pull in packages needed to run with FEATURES=test. Portage-2.1.2 handles this internally, so don't set it in make.conf/package.use anymore | global |
threads
|
Add threads support for various packages. Usually pthreads | global |
tidy
|
Add support for HTML Tidy | global |
tokenizer
|
Add support for the PHP file parser | global |
tokyocabinet
|
Enable support for dev-db/tokyocabinet db backend | local |
truetype
|
Add support for FreeType and/or FreeType2 fonts | global |
unicode
|
Add support for Unicode | global |
wddx
|
Add support for Web Distributed Data eXchange | global |
webp
|
Enable webp support for GD in php-7.x | local |
xml
|
Add support for XML files | global |
xmlreader
|
Enable XMLReader support | local |
xmlrpc
|
Support for xml-rpc library | global |
xmlwriter
|
Enable XMLWriter support | local |
xpm
|
Add support for XPM graphics format | global |
xslt
|
Enable the XSL extension | local |
zip
|
Enable ZIP file support | local |
zip-encryption
|
Enable ZIP file encryption from dev-libs/libzip | local |
zlib
|
Add support for zlib (de)compression | global |
デフォルトでは、ebuildは開発用のphp.iniバージョンをインストールします。 より厳密なセキュリティ設定がありますが、アプリケーションをデバッグするのが難しい製品バージョンをインストールするには、make.confに次の行を追加します:
/etc/portage/make.confInstall the production php.ini filePHP_INI_VERSION="production"
Both versions of php.ini can be found in /usr/share/doc/php-*.
After changing the preferred version of php.ini, PHP should be reinstalled using the command in the Emerge section below.
拡張
To install extensions, first decide which versions of PHP to compile the extensions for. This is done by setting the PHP_TARGETS variable:
/etc/portage/make.confPHP_TARGETS="php5-6"
More than one version can be defined; just add in the additional versions separated by a space. Note that the php slot is named "5.6" and the corresponding PHP_TARGETS value is php5-6. This is due to current restrictions on USE names.
Emerge
After making the above USE flag configurations it is necessary to update the system so the changes take effect:
root #emerge --ask --update --changed-use --deep @worldRunning multiple versions of PHP
One of the great advantages of using Gentoo for PHP development is the version slotting. It is very simple to swap between multiple versions of PHP as well as run multiple versions simultaneously. This is all done with the eselect command provided by the app-eselect/eselect-php package which should get pulled in automatically by installing PHP. For example, selecting different versions of PHP can allow a system to run PHP 7.0 for the cli SAPI but PHP 5.6 for the system's web server. It also allows to quickly test an application on different versions of PHP.
To list the available versions for the cli SAPI use:
root #eselect php list cli[1] php5.5 [2] php5.6 * [3] php7.0
The version marked with the * is the current active version, and to check the other SAPIs simply replace cli with fpm,cgi or apache2.
To swap versions, use:
root #eselect php set cli 3The number 3 in this example corresponds to the number in the output of the list sub-command used above. PHP version 7.0 is now used for the command-line:
root #php -vPHP 7.0.10-pl0-gentoo (cli) (built: Aug 23 2016 12:38:44) ( NTS )
設定
The PHP configuration is at /etc/php, which contains one subdirectory for each SAPI and for each PHP version. For instance, configuration files for the PHP-5.6 apache2 SAPI are installed in /etc/php/apache2-php5.6.
ウェブサーバ
To use PHP in a server-side fashion, a web server needs to be installed and configured to use PHP. A number of popular web servers are briefly touched upon next.
Nginx
Simply emerge nginx to install it:
root #emerge --ask www-servers/nginxIf custom NGINX_MODULES_HTTP values are set in make.conf, make sure that the
fastcgi module is enabled.Once Nginx has been installed, modify the server section of /etc/nginx/nginx.conf to look something like this:
/etc/nginx/nginx.confPart of the nginx configuration to enable PHP through FastCGIserver {
listen 127.0.0.1;
server_name localhost;
access_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.access_log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.error_log info;
root /var/www/localhost/htdocs;
location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
Now start the related services to have a working site. The php-fpm init script starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager. FastCGI allows web servers to offload the PHP calculations to this process manager.
root #service nginx start
root #service php-fpm start
lighttpd
Make sure that lighttpd is built with support for fastcgi and that the php USE flag is disabled:
/etc/portage/package.usewww-servers/lighttpd fastcgi -php
Lighttpd ships with a default FastCGI config file, but unfortunately, it is written to work with the old PHP FCGI SAPI only, instead of a general FCGI setup. Since the php USE flag has been disabled, it will not be included, and rightly so. However it does provide a good foundation for a configuration file that can be used with FPM.
Edit /etc/lighttpd/mod_fastcgi.conf to look something like this:
/etc/lighttpd/mod_fastcgi.confEnable FastCGI on lighttpdserver.modules += ("mod_fastcgi") fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => ( "localhost" => ( "host" => "127.0.0.1", "port" => "9000" ) ) )
Note the host and port parts.
Since Gentoo ships with a working php-fpm.ini file, located in /etc/php/fpm-php5/php-fpm.ini, and init script, starting the services is all that is needed:
root #/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
root #/etc/init.d/lighttpd start
Apache (mod_php)
To configure Apache to load the PHP5 module (mod_php), add -D PHP to APACHE2_OPTS variable in /etc/conf.d/apache2. Users might remember that previously, the PHP version had to be added as well (like -D PHP5). However, since app-eselect/eselect-php version 0.8.1, the variable is changed to just -D PHP to allow future major versions to be easily integrated.
/etc/conf.d/apache2Configure Apache to load mod_php## (settings for PHP5 and above) APACHE2_OPTS="-D PHP"
Make sure that PHP is built with the apache2 USE flag.
If for some reason the system is missing the PHP module integration file /etc/apache2/modules.d/70_mod_php.conf, currently provided by app-eselect/eselect-php when installed with apache2 USE flag set, manually insert it. Its current content is displayed below.
/etc/apache2/modules.d/70_mod_php.conf<IfDefine PHP> # The mod_php.so symlink is controlled by # eselect-php. However, the module name changed from # php5_module to php7_module so we can't blindly load whatever # is there. Instead we let eselect-php manage a small # configuration file that loads the appropriate module. # # This is relative to ServerRoot (see httpd.conf). Include ../../../var/lib/eselect-php/mod_php.conf # Tell apache that mod_php should handle PHP files. # # NOTE: Avoiding AddHandler/AddType for security (bug # #538822). Please read the related news item! <FilesMatch "\.(php|php[57]|phtml)$"> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php </FilesMatch> # PHP source files which are meant to be displayed as # syntax-highlighted source code. <FilesMatch "\.phps$"> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source </FilesMatch> DirectoryIndex index.php index.phtml </IfDefine>
Although multiple PHP versions can be installed on a system, Apache can only use a single PHP version. The eselect php command is used to switch between active PHP versions.
参考
- Upgrading to PHP 5.6, guide to upgrade older installations to 5.6
- Enabling PHP support in the Apache article