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PHPは、動的なWebページを生成する汎用のサーバー側スクリプト言語です。

インストール

USE フラグ

The most important USE flags of the PHP package, the SAPI (Server API) USE flags, are apache2, cgi, and fpm. Alongside these flags, there is an elaborate list of flags to enable various features of the PHP interpreter:

USE flags for dev-lang/php The PHP language runtime engine

acl	Add support for Access Control Lists
apache2	Add Apache2 support
argon2	Enable password hashing algorithm from app-crypt/argon2
bcmath	Add support for libbcmath
berkdb	Add support for sys-libs/db (Berkeley DB for MySQL)
bzip2	Use the bzlib compression library
calendar	Add support for calendars (not using mcal!)
cdb	Add support for the CDB database engine from the author of qmail
cgi	Add CGI script support
cjk	Add support for Multi-byte character languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)
cli	Enable CLI SAPI
coverage	Include gcov symbols for test coverage and lcov reports. Only useful for extension developers, and requires GCC.
ctype	Enable ctype functions
curl	Add support for client-side URL transfer library
debug	Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces
embed	Enable embed SAPI
enchant	Add supports Enchant spelling library.
exif	Add support for reading EXIF headers from JPEG and TIFF images
ffi	Add foreign function interface (ffi extension) support
fileinfo	Add fileinfo extension support
filter	Add filter extension support
firebird	Add support for the Firebird relational database
flatfile	Add dbm support for flat files
fpm	Enable the FastCGI Process Manager SAPI
ftp	Add FTP (File Transfer Protocol) support
gd	Adds support for gd (bundled with PHP)
gdbm	Add support for sys-libs/gdbm (GNU database libraries)
gmp	Add support for dev-libs/gmp (GNU MP library)
iconv	Enable support for the iconv character set conversion library
imap	Add support for IMAP (Internet Mail Application Protocol)
inifile	Add dbm support for .ini files
intl	Enables the intl extension for extended internalization support
iodbc	Add support for iODBC library
ipv6	Add support for IP version 6
json	Enable JSON support
kerberos	Add kerberos support
ldap	Add LDAP support (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
ldap-sasl	Add SASL support for the PHP LDAP extension
libedit	Use the libedit library (replacement for readline)
libressl	Use dev-libs/libressl instead of dev-libs/openssl when applicable (see also the ssl useflag)
lmdb	Enable support for dev-db/lmdb db backend
mhash	Add support for the mhash library
mssql	Add support for Microsoft SQL Server database
mysql	Add mySQL Database support
mysqli	Add support for the improved mySQL libraries
nls	Add Native Language Support (using gettext - GNU locale utilities)
oci8-instant-client	Use dev-db/oracle-instantclient-basic as Oracle provider instead of requiring a full Oracle server install
odbc	Add ODBC Support (Open DataBase Connectivity)
opcache	Enables built-in opcode cache, replacing pecl-apc et al.
pcntl	Add support for process creation functions
pdo	Enable the bundled PDO extensions
phar	Enables the phar extension to provide phar archive support
phpdbg	Enable the PHP Debug Command Line SAPI (like gdb for php)
posix	Add support for POSIX-compatible functions
postgres	Add support for the postgresql database
qdbm	Add support for the qdbm (Quick Database Manager) library
readline	Enable support for libreadline, a GNU line-editing library that almost everyone wants
selinux	!!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
session	Add persistent session support
session-mm	Include dev-libs/mm support for session storage
sharedmem	Add support for shared memory use
simplexml	Support for SimpleXML
snmp	Add support for the Simple Network Management Protocol if available
soap	Add support for SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
sockets	Add support for tcp/ip sockets
sodium	Enable support for crypto through dev-libs/libsodium
spell	Add dictionary support
sqlite	Add support for sqlite - embedded sql database
ssl	Add support for SSL/TLS connections (Secure Socket Layer / Transport Layer Security)
systemd	Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
sysvipc	Support for System V-compatible inter-process communication
test	Enable dependencies and/or preparations necessary to run tests (usually controlled by FEATURES=test but can be toggled independently)
threads	Add threads support for various packages. Usually pthreads
tidy	Add support for HTML Tidy
tokenizer	Add support for the PHP file parser
tokyocabinet	Enable support for dev-db/tokyocabinet db backend
truetype	Add support for FreeType and/or FreeType2 fonts
unicode	Add support for Unicode
webp	Enable webp support for GD in php-7.x
xml	Add support for XML files
xmlreader	Enable XMLReader support
xmlrpc	Support for xml-rpc library
xmlwriter	Enable XMLWriter support
xpm	Add support for XPM graphics format
xslt	Enable the XSL extension
zip	Enable support for ZIP archives
zlib	Add support for zlib (de)compression

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2019-11-11 21:01 More information about USE flags

デフォルトでは、ebuildは開発用のphp.iniバージョンをインストールします。 より厳密なセキュリティ設定がありますが、アプリケーションをデバッグするのが難しい製品バージョンをインストールするには、make.confに次の行を追加します:

拡張

To install extensions, first decide which versions of PHP to compile the extensions for. This is done by setting the PHP_TARGETS variable:

FILE /etc/portage/make.conf

PHP_TARGETS="php5-6"

More than one version can be defined; just add in the additional versions separated by a space. Note that the php slot is named "5.6" and the corresponding PHP_TARGETS value is php5-6. This is due to current restrictions on USE names.

Emerge

上記のUSEフラグ設定を行った後、変更を有効にするためにシステムを更新する必要があります:

root #emerge --ask --update --changed-use --deep @world

Running multiple versions of PHP

One of the great advantages of using Gentoo for PHP development is the version slotting. It is very simple to swap between multiple versions of PHP as well as run multiple versions simultaneously. This is all done with the eselect command provided by the app-eselect/eselect-php package which should get emerged in automatically by installing PHP.

For example, selecting different versions of PHP can allow a system to run PHP 7.0 for the cli SAPI but PHP 5.6 for the system's web server. It also allows system administrators or application developers to quickly test an application on different versions of PHP.

To list the available versions for the cli SAPI module use the following syntax:

root #eselect php list cli

 [1]   php5.5 
 [2]   php5.6 *   
 [3]   php7.0

The * (asterisk) marks current active version for the selected module. To check the other SAPIs simply replace cli with fpm,cgi or apache2 modules.

To swap versions, use:

root #eselect php set cli 3

The number 3 in this example corresponds to the number in the output of the list sub-command used above. PHP version 7.0 is now used for the command-line:

root #php -v

PHP 7.0.10-pl0-gentoo (cli) (built: Aug 23 2016 12:38:44) ( NTS )

設定

The PHP configuration is at /etc/php, which contains one subdirectory for each Server API (SAPI) and for each PHP version. For instance, configuration files for the PHP-5.6 apache2 SAPI are installed in /etc/php/apache2-php5.6.

ウェブサーバ

PHPをサーバ側で使用するには、WebサーバをインストールしてPHPを使用するように設定する必要があります。 数多くの一般的なWebサーバーが次に簡単に触れられます。

Nginx

Simply emerge nginx to install it:

root #emerge --ask www-servers/nginx

Important
If custom NGINX_MODULES_HTTP values are set in make.conf, make sure that the fastcgi module is enabled.

Once Nginx has been installed, modify the server section of /etc/nginx/nginx.conf to look something like this:

FILE /etc/nginx/nginx.confPart of the nginx configuration to enable PHP through FastCGI

server {
                listen 127.0.0.1;
                server_name localhost;
 
                access_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.access_log main;
                error_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.error_log info;
 
                root /var/www/localhost/htdocs;
 
                location ~ \.php$ {
                        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
                        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
                        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
                        include fastcgi.conf;
                }
        }

Now start the related services to have a working site. The php-fpm init script starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager. FastCGI allows web servers to offload the PHP calculations to this process manager.

When running OpenRC as the service manager:

root #service nginx start

root #service php-fpm start

For systemd:

root #systemctl start nginx

root #systemctl start php-fpm@7.2

Note
The version number after the php-fpm service name will change based on the available version of PHP. Adjust as appropriate.

lighttpd

Warning
Do not enable the php USE flag for www-servers/lighttpd. It could actually break the build.

Make sure that lighttpd is built with support for fastcgi and that the php USE flag is disabled:

FILE /etc/portage/package.use

www-servers/lighttpd fastcgi -php

Lighttpd ships with a default FastCGI config file, but unfortunately, it is written to work with the old PHP FCGI SAPI only, instead of a general FCGI setup. Since the php USE flag has been disabled, it will not be included, and rightly so. However it does provide a good foundation for a configuration file that can be used with FPM.

Edit /etc/lighttpd/mod_fastcgi.conf to look something like this:

FILE /etc/lighttpd/mod_fastcgi.confEnable FastCGI on lighttpd

server.modules += ("mod_fastcgi")
fastcgi.server = ( ".php" =>
  ( "localhost" =>
    (
      "host" => "127.0.0.1",
      "port" => "9000"
    )
  )
)

Note the host and port parts.

Since Gentoo ships with a working php-fpm.ini file, located in /etc/php/fpm-php5/php-fpm.ini, and init script, starting the services is all that is needed:

root #/etc/init.d/php-fpm start

root #/etc/init.d/lighttpd start

Apache (mod_php)

To configure Apache to load the PHP5 module (mod_php), add -D PHP to APACHE2_OPTS variable in /etc/conf.d/apache2. Users might remember that previously, the PHP version had to be added as well (like -D PHP5). However, since app-eselect/eselect-php version 0.8.1, the variable is changed to just -D PHP to allow future major versions to be easily integrated.

FILE /etc/conf.d/apache2Configure Apache to load mod_php

## (settings for PHP5 and above)
APACHE2_OPTS="-D PHP"

Make sure that PHP is built with the apache2 USE flag.

If for some reason the system is missing the PHP module integration file /etc/apache2/modules.d/70_mod_php.conf, currently provided by app-eselect/eselect-php when installed with apache2 USE flag set, manually insert it. Its current content is displayed below.

FILE /etc/apache2/modules.d/70_mod_php.conf

<IfDefine PHP>
	# The mod_php.so symlink is controlled by
	# eselect-php. However, the module name changed from
	# php5_module to php7_module so we can't blindly load whatever
	# is there. Instead we let eselect-php manage a small
	# configuration file that loads the appropriate module.
	#
	# This is relative to ServerRoot (see httpd.conf).
	Include ../../../var/lib/eselect-php/mod_php.conf
 
	# Tell apache that mod_php should handle PHP files.
	#
	# NOTE: Avoiding AddHandler/AddType for security (bug
	# #538822). Please read the related news item!
	<FilesMatch "\.(php|php[57]|phtml)$">
		SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
	</FilesMatch>
 
	# PHP source files which are meant to be displayed as
	# syntax-highlighted source code.
	<FilesMatch "\.phps$">
		SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
	</FilesMatch>
 
	DirectoryIndex index.php index.phtml
</IfDefine>

Although multiple PHP versions can be installed on a system, Apache can only use a single PHP version with mod_php. Support for multiple PHP versions on Apache is available using fpm. The eselect php command is used to switch between active mod PHP versions.

参考

• Upgrading to PHP 5.6, guide to upgrade older installations to 5.6
• Upgrading to PHP 7.1, guide to upgrade older installations to 7.1
• Enabling PHP support in the Apache article