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This article provides instructions for creating and setting up diskless nodes with Gentoo Linux.

はじめに

About this article

This article will help setting up diskless workstations based on the Gentoo Linux distribution. This is guide is intended to make the process as user friendly as possible and cater to the Linux newbie, because everyone was at a certain point. While an experienced user could easily tie the multiple articles available on diskless nodes and networking together it's hoped that this guide can ease the installation for all interested users, geeks, or not.

What is a diskless machine?

A diskless machine is a PC without any of the usual boot devices such as hard disks, floppy drives or CD-ROMs. The diskless node boots off the network and needs a server that will provide it with storage space as a local hard disk would. From now on the server will be the master , while the diskless machine gets called the slave (what's in a name :). The slave node needs a network adapter that supports PXE booting or Etherboot; check Etherboot.org for support listings. Most modern cards support PXE and many built-in adapters on motherboards will also work.

Before starting

Gentoo should be installed on the master node and enough space on the master to store the file systems of the slave nodes that are going to be hosted. Also make sure there is one interface to the internet separated from the local area connection.

Configuration

Master and the slaves

About kernels

The kernel is the software that sits between the hardware and all other software that is loaded on the machine, essentially the heart of a kernel based operating system. When a computer is started, the BIOS executes the instructions found at the reserved boot space of the hard drive. These instructions are typically a boot loader that loads a kernel. After a kernel has been loaded all processes are handled by the kernel.

For more information on kernels and kernel configuration check out the kernel article.

The master kernel

The master kernel can be as large and as customized as desired but there are a few required kernel options that need to be selected. Go into the kernel configuration menu by typing:

root #

cd /usr/src/linux

root #make menuconfig

There should be a grey and blue GUI that offers a safe alternative to manually editing the /usr/src/linux/.config file. If the kernel is currently functioning well it might be a good idea to save the current configuration file by exiting the GUI and typing:

root #cp .config .config_working

Go into the following sub-menus and make sure the listed items are checked as built-in (and NOT as modular). The options show below are taken from the 2.6.10 kernel version. If a different version is used, the text or sequence might differ. Just make sure to select at least those shown below.

KERNEL master's kernel options

[*] Networking support --->
  Networking options --->
    <*> Packet socket
    <*> Unix domain sockets
    [*] TCP/IP networking
    [*]   IP: multicasting
    [ ] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)
  
File systems --->
  Network File Systems  --->
    <*> NFS server support
    [*]   Provide NFSv3 server support

If access to internet through the master node is required and/or a secure firewall is needed make sure to add support for iptables:

KERNEL Enable iptables support

[*] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)
  IP: Netfilter Configuration  --->
    <*> Connection tracking (required for masq/NAT)
    <*> IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT)

If packet filtering is required, add the rest as modules later. Make sure to read the Gentoo Security Handbook Chapter about Firewalls on how to set this up properly.

Note
These kernel configuration options should only be added to the system specific configuration options and are not meant to completely replace the kernel configuration.

After the master kernel has been re-configured, it needs to be rebuilt:

root #

make && make modules_install

root #cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-master

Then add an entry for that new kernel into lilo.conf or grub.conf depending on which bootloader that is being used and make the new kernel the default one. Now that the new bzImage has been copied into the boot directory all that has to be done is to reboot the system in order to load these new options.

About the slave kernel

It is recommended that the slave kernel be compiled without any modules, since loading and setting them up via remote boot is a difficult and unnecessary process. Additionally, the slave kernel should be as small and compact as possible in order to efficiently boot from the network. The slave's kernel is going to be compiled in the same place where the master was configured.

To avoid confusion and wasting time it is probably a good idea to backup the master's configuration file by typing:

root #cp /usr/src/linux/.config /usr/src/linux/.config_master

The slave's kernel is now to be configured in the same fashion as the master's kernel. If a fresh configuration file is needed it can be recovered from the default /usr/src/linux/.config file by typing:

root #

cd /usr/src/linux

root #cp .config_master .config

Now go into the configuration GUI by typing:

root #

cd /usr/src/linux

root #make menuconfig

Make sure to select the following options as built-in and NOT as kernel modules:

KERNEL slave's kernel options

[*] Networking support --->
  Networking options --->
    <*> Packet socket
    <*> Unix domain sockets
    [*] TCP/IP networking
    [*]   IP: multicasting
    [*]   IP: kernel level autoconfiguration
    [*]     IP: DHCP support
  
File systems --->
  Network File Systems  --->
    <*> file system support
    [*]   Provide NFSv3 client support
    [*]   Root file system on NFS

Note
An alternative to having an dhcp server is setting up a BOOTP server.

Important
It is important to add the network adapter into the kernel (and not as a module) on the nodes. Using modules however is generally not a problem for diskless nodes.

Now the slave's kernel needs to be compiled. Be careful here not to overwrite or mess up the modules (if any) that have been built for the master:

root #

cd /usr/src/linux

root #make

Now create the directory on the master that will be used to hold slaves' files and required system files. The /diskless is used but any location preferred may be chosen here. Now copy the slave's bzImage into the /diskless directory:

Note
If there are different architectures being used it might be useful to save each config into .config_arch . Do the same with the images: save them into the /diskless as bzImage_arch .

root #

mkdir /diskless

root #cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /diskless

The preliminary slave file system

The master and slave filesystems can be tweaked and changed a lot. Right now the only point of interest is in getting a preliminary filesystem of appropriate configuration files and mount points. First it's required to create a directory within /diskless for the first slave. Each slave needs its own root file system because sharing certain system files will cause permission problems and hard crashes. These directories can be called anything the administrator deems appropriate but the article suggests using the slaves IP addresses as they are unique and not confusing. The static IP of the first slave will be, for instance, 192.168.1.21:

root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21

Various configuration files in /etc need to be altered to work on the slave. Copy the master's /etc directory onto the new slave root by typing:

root #cp -r /etc /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc

Still this filesystem isn't ready because it needs various mount points and directories. To create them, type:

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/home

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/dev

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/proc

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/tmp

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/mnt

root #

chmod a+w /diskless/192.168.1.21/tmp

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/mnt/.initd

root #mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/root

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/sys

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/empty

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/lock

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/log

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/run

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/var/spool

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/usr

root #

mkdir /diskless/192.168.1.21/opt

Most of these "stubs" should be recognizable; stubs like /dev, /proc, or /sys will be populated when the slave starts, the others will be mounted later. The /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/conf.d/hostname file should also be changed to reflect the hostname of the slave. Binaries, libraries and other files will be populated later in this HOWTO right before attempting to boot the slave.

Even though /dev is populated by udev later on, the console entry needs to be created. If not, the error message "unable to open initial console" will be encountered.

root #mknod /diskless/192.168.1.21/dev/console c 5 1

The DHCP server

About the DHCP server

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. The DHCP server is the first computer the slaves will communicate with when they PXE boot. The primary purpose of the DHCP server is to assign IP addresses. The DHCP server can assign IP addresses based on hosts ethernet MAC addresses. Once the slave has an IP address, the DHCP server will tell the slave where to get its initial file system and kernel.

Before getting started

There are several things to make sure of, that they are working properly before beginning. First check the network connectivity:

root #

ifconfig eth0 multicast

root #ifconfig -a

Make sure there is an eth0 device running. It should look something like this:

CODE A properly working eth0 device

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:E0:83:16:2F:D6
          inet addr:192.168.1.1  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:26460491 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:2 frame:0
          TX packets:32903198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
          RX bytes:2483502568 (2368.4 Mb)  TX bytes:1411984950 (1346.5 Mb)
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x1800

It's important that it says MULTICAST, if it doesn't then the kernel will have to be recompiled to include multicast support.

Installing the DHCP server

If the network does not already have a DHCP server installed, one needs to be installed now:

root #emerge --ask dhcp

If the network already has a DHCP server installed, edit the configuration file to get the PXE boot to function correctly.

Configuring the DHCP server

There is only one configuration file that needs to be edited before starting the DHCP server: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf. Copy and edit the provided sample file:

root #

cp /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

root #nano -w /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

The general layout of the file is set up in an indented fashion and looks like this:

CODE Sample dhcpd.conf layout

# global options here
ddns-update-style none;
shared-network LOCAL-NET {
  # shared network options here
  subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    # subnet network options here
    host slave{
        # host specific options here
    }
    group {
        # group specific options here
    }
  }
}

The shared-network block is optional and should be used for IPs that are required to be assigned that belong to the same network topology. At least one subnet must be declared and the optional group block allows options to be grouped between items. A good example of dhcpd.conf looks like this:

CODE Sample dhcpd.conf

#
# Sample dhcpd.conf for diskless clients
#
  
# Disable dynamic DNS
ddns-update-style none;
  
# Assume one default gateway for IP traffic will do
option routers 192.168.1.1;
  
# Provide DNS info to clients
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name "mydomain.com";
  
# Specify the TFTP server to be used
next-server 192.168.1.1;
  
# Declare a vendor-specific option buffer for PXE clients:
# Code 1: Multicast IP address of boot file server
# Code 2: UDP port that client should monitor for MTFTP responses
# Code 3: UDP port that MTFTP servers are using to listen for MTFTP requests
# Code 4: Number of seconds a client must listen for activity before trying
#         to start a new MTFTP transfer
# Code 5: Number of seconds a client must listen before trying to restart
#         a MTFTP transfer
  
option space PXE;
option PXE.mtftp-ip               code 1 = ip-address;
option PXE.mtftp-cport            code 2 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-sport            code 3 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-tmout            code 4 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-delay            code 5 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.discovery-control      code 6 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.discovery-mcast-addr   code 7 = ip-address;
  
# Declare the subnet where our diskless nodes will live
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  
  # Provide PXE clients with appropriate information
  class "pxeclient" {
    match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
    vendor-option-space PXE;
  
    # At least one of the vendor-specific PXE options must be set in
    # order for the client boot ROMs to realize that we are a PXE-compliant
    # server.  We set the MCAST IP address to 0.0.0.0 to tell the boot ROM
    # that we can't provide multicast TFTP.
  
    option PXE.mtftp-ip 0.0.0.0;
  
    # This is the name of the file the boot ROMs should download.
    filename "pxelinux.0";
  }
  
  # Provide Etherboot clients with appropriate information
  class "etherboot" {
    match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "Etherboot";
    filename "vmlinuz_arch";
  }
  
  # Add one host declaration for each diskless host
  host slave21 {
    hardware ethernet 00:02:A5:04:3B:66;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.21;
  }
}

Note
There is nothing prohibiting the use of both PXE boot and Etherboot together. The above Code Listing is merely an example; if there are issues, please consult the DHCPd documentation.

The IP address after next-server will be asked for the specified filename. This IP address should be the IP of the tftp server, usually the same as the master's IP address. The filename is relative to the /diskless directory (this is due to the tftp server specific options which will be covered later). Inside the host block, the hardware ethernet option specifies a MAC address, and fixed-address assigns a fixed IP address to that particular MAC address. There is a pretty good man page on dhcpd.conf with options that are beyond the scope of this HOWTO. The man page can be read by typing:

user $man dhcpd.conf

Starting the DHCP server

Before starting the dhcp initialization script edit the /etc/conf.d/dhcp file so that it looks something like this:

CODE Sample /etc/conf.d/dhcp

IFACE="eth0"
# Insert any customizations needed

The IFACE variable is the device that the DHCP server will be running on, in this case eth0. Adding more arguments to the IFACE variable can be useful for a complex network topology with multiple Ethernet cards. To start the dhcp server type:

root #/etc/init.d/dhcp start

To add the dhcp server to the start-up scripts type:

root #rc-update add dhcp default

Troubleshooting the DHCP server

To see if a node boots, take a look at /var/log/messages. If the node successfully boots, the messages file should have some lines at the bottom looking like this:

CODE Sample log file entries created by dhcp

DHCPDISCOVER from 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0
DHCPOFFER on 192.168.1.21 to 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0
DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.21 from 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0
DHCPACK on 192.168.1.21 to 00:00:00:00:00:00 via eth0

Note
This log file can also help in discovering the slaves' MAC addresses.

If the following message is encountered it probably means there is something wrong in the configuration file but that the DHCP server is broadcasting correctly.

CODE Sample dhpc server error

no free leases on subnet LOCAL-NET

Every time after changing the configuration file the DHCP server must be restarted. To restart the server type:

root #/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart

TFTP server and PXE Linux Bootloader and/or Etherboot

About the TFTP server

TFTP stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol. The TFTP server is going to supply the slaves with a kernel and an initial filesystem. All of the slave kernels and filesystems will be stored on the TFTP server, so it's probably a good idea to make the master the TFTP server.

Installing the TFTP server

A highly recommended tftp server is available as the tftp-hpa package. This tftp server happens to be written by the author of SYSLINUX and it works very well with pxelinux. To install simply type:

root #emerge --ask tftp-hpa

Configuring the TFTP server

Edit /etc/conf.d/in.tftpd. The tftproot directory needs to specified with INTFTPD_PATH and any command-line options with INTFTPD_OPTS. It should look something like this:

FILE /etc/conf.d/in.tftpd

INTFTPD_PATH="/diskless"
INTFTPD_OPTS="-l -v -s ${INTFTPD_PATH}"

The -l option indicates that this server listens in stand alone mode so inetd does not have to be run. The -v indicates that log/error messages should be verbose. The -s /diskless specifies the root of the tftp server.

Starting the TFTP server

To start the tftp server type:

root #/etc/init.d/in.tftpd start

This should start the tftp server with the options that were specified in the /etc/conf.d/in.tftpd. If this server is to be automatically started at boot type:

root #rc-update add in.tftpd default

About PXELINUX

This section is not required if only Etherboot is being used. PXELINUX is the network bootloader equivalent to LILO or GRUB and will be served via TFTP. It is essentially a tiny set of instructions that tells the client where to locate its kernel and initial filesystem and allows for various kernel options.

Before getting started

Now the file pxelinux.0 is required, which comes in the SYSLINUX package by H. Peter Anvin. This package can be installed by typing:

root #emerge --ask syslinux

Setting up PXELINUX

Note
This isn't needed for Etherboot

Before starting the tftp server pxelinux needs to be set up. First copy the pxelinux binary into the /diskless directory:

root #

cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /diskless

root #

mkdir /diskless/pxelinux.cfg

root #touch /diskless/pxelinux.cfg/default

This will create a default bootloader configuration file. The binary pxelinux.0 will look in the pxelinux.cfg directory for a file whose name is the client's IP address in hexadecimal. If it does not find that file it will remove the rightmost digit from the file name and try again until it runs out of digits. Versions 2.05 and later of syslinux first perform a search for a file named after the MAC address. If no file is found, it starts the previously mentioned discovery routine. If none is found, the default file is used.

CODE Files that PXE looks for in pxelinux.cfg/ in sequence

## (Leading 01 means Ethernet, next bytes match our slave's MAC address)
01-00-40-63-c2-ca-c9
  
## (Assigned IP in hexadecimal)
C0A80115
C0A8011
C0A801
C0A80
C0A8
C0A
C0
C
  
default

Note
These are all in lowercase.

Let's start with the default file:

CODE Sample pxelinux.cfg/default

DEFAULT gentoo
LABEL gentoo
LINUX /bzImage
APPEND ip=dhcp root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/diskless/192.168.1.21

The DEFAULT tag directs pxelinux to the kernel bzImage that was compiled earlier. The APPEND tag appends kernel initialisation options. Since the slave kernel was compiled with NFS_ROOT_SUPPORT , the nfsroot will be specified here. The first IP is the master's IP and the second IP is the directory that was created in /diskless to store the slave's initial filesystem. Other NFS options may also be supplied. For example, to use NFS v4.1 over TCP, append ,tcp,vers=4.1 to the nfsroot kernel option: nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/diskless/192.168.1.21,tcp,vers=4.1.

About Etherboot

Note
This isn't required if PXE boot is being used.

Etherboot boots network boot images from a TFTP server. As the PXE this is equivalent to LILO or GRUB. The mknbi utility enables the creation of different images using different options.

Before getting started

The mknbi (utility for making tagged kernel images useful for netbooting) package is needed to create the Etherboot images. This tool will create a preconfigured kernel image from the original kernel. This contains the boot options as shown further down.

root #emerge --ask mknbi

Setting up Etherboot

In this section a simple etherboot image will be created. As the dhcp server gives out the clients root-path in the "option root-path" dhcp.conf, this does not have to be included here. More details can be found in the mknbi manual.

user $man mknbi

Making the boot images. This will create a ELF bootable image capable of passing dhcp and the rootpath to the kernel. Also forcing the kernel to browse the network for a dhcp server.

root #mkelf-linux -ip=dhcp /diskless/bzImage > /diskless/vmlinuz

Note
For the arch specific images bzImage_arch and vmlinuz_arch have to be typed.

Troubleshooting the network boot process

There are a few things that can be done to debug the network boot process. Primarily a tool called tcpdump can be used. To install tcpdump type:

root #emerge --ask tcpdump

Now various network traffic can be listened to, to make sure the client/server interactions are functioning. If something isn't working there are a few things that could be checked. First make sure that the client/server is physically connected properly and that the networking cables are not damaged. If the client/server is not receiving requests on a particular port make sure that there is no firewall interference. To listen to interaction between two computers type:

root #tcpdump host client_ip and server_ip

The tcpdump command can also be configured to listen on particular port such as the tftp port by typing:

root #tcpdump port 69

A common error that might be received is: "PXE-E32: TFTP open time-out". This is probably due to firewall issues. If TCPwrappers is being used, it might be worth checking /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny and make sure that they are configured properly. The client should be allowed to connect to the server.

The NFS server

About the NFS server

NFS stands for Network File System. The NFS server will be used to serve directories to the slave. This part can be somewhat personalized later, but right now all that is wanted is a preliminary slave node to boot diskless.

About Portmapper

Various client/server services do not listen on a particular port, but instead rely on RPCs (Remote Procedure Calls). When the service is initialised it listens on a random port and then registers this port with the Portmapper utility. NFS relies on RPCs and thus requires Portmapper to be running before it is started.

Before starting

The NFS Server needs kernel level support so if the kernel does not have this, the master's kernel needs to be recompiled. To double check the master's kernel configuration type:

root #grep NFS /usr/src/linux/.config_master

The output should look something like this if the kernel has been properly configured:

KERNEL Proper NFS specific options in the master's kernel configuration

CONFIG_PACKET=y
# CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP is not set
# CONFIG_NETFILTER is not set
CONFIG_NFS_FS=y
CONFIG_NFS_V3=y
# CONFIG_NFS_V4 is not set
# CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO is not set
CONFIG_NFSD=y
CONFIG_NFSD_V3=y
# CONFIG_NFSD_V4 is not set
# CONFIG_NFSD_TCP is not set

Installing the NFS server

The NFS package that can be acquired through portage by typing:

root #emerge --ask nfs-utils

This package will emerge a portmapping utility, nfs server, and nfs client utilities and will automatically handle initialisation dependencies.

Configuring the NFS server

There are three major configuration files that will have to be edited:

CODE Nfs configuration files

/etc/exports
/diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/fstab
/etc/conf.d/nfs

The /etc/exports file specifies how, to who and what to export through NFS. The slave's fstab will be altered so that it can mount the NFS filesystems that the master is exporting.

A typical /etc/exports for the master should look something like this:

FILE /etc/exportsmaster exports file

# one line like this for each slave
/diskless/192.168.1.21   192.168.1.21(sync,rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
# common to all slaves
/opt   192.168.1.0/24(sync,ro,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
/usr   192.168.1.0/24(sync,ro,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
/home  192.168.1.0/24(sync,rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
# if you want to have a shared log
/var/log   192.168.1.21(sync,rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

The first field indicates the directory to be exported and the next field indicates to who and how. This field can be divided in two parts: who should be allowed to mount that particular directory, and what the mounting client can do to the filesystem: ro for read only, rw for read/write; no_root_squash and no_all_squash are important for diskless clients that are writing to the disk, so that they don't get "squashed" when making I/O requests. The slave's fstab file, /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/fstab , should look like this:

CODE Sample slave fstab

# these entries are essential
master:/diskless/192.168.1.21   /         nfs     sync,hard,intr,rw,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192    0 0
master:/opt                     /opt      nfs     sync,hard,intr,ro,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192    0 0
master:/usr                     /usr      nfs     sync,hard,intr,ro,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192    0 0
master:/home                    /home     nfs     sync,hard,intr,rw,nolock,rsize=8192,wsize=8192    0 0
none                            /proc     proc    defaults                                     0 0
# useful but superfluous
master:/var/log                 /var/log  nfs     hard,intr,rw                                 0 0

In this example, master is just the hostname of the master but it could easily be the IP of the master. The first field indicates the directory to be mounted and the second field indicates where. The third field describes the filesystem and should be NFS for any NFS mounted directory. The fourth field indicates various options that will be used in the mounting process (see mount(1) for info on mount options). Some people have had difficulties with soft mount points so here they are made hard mounts, a look into various /etc/fstab options should be done to make the cluster more efficient.

The last file that should be edited is /etc/conf.d/nfs which describes a few options for nfs when it is initialised and looks like this:

CODE Sample master /etc/conf.d/nfs

# Config file for /etc/init.d/nfs
  
# Number of servers to be started up by default
RPCNFSDCOUNT=8
  
# Options to pass to rpc.mountd
RPCMOUNTDOPTS=""

The RPCNFSDCOUNT should be changed to the number of diskless nodes on the network.

Starting the NFS server

The nfs server should be started with its init script located in /etc/init.d by typing:

root #/etc/init.d/nfs start

If this script is to be started every time the system boots simply type:

root #rc-update add nfs default

Completing the slave filesystem

Copy the missing files

Now the slave's file system will be made in sync with the master's and provide the necessary binaries while still preserving slave specific files.

root #

rsync -avz /bin /diskless/192.168.1.21

root #

rsync -avz /sbin /diskless/192.168.1.21

root #rsync -avz /lib /diskless/192.168.1.21

Note
The reason for rsync -avz instead of cp is to maintain symlinks and permissions.

Configure diskless networking

In order to prevent the networking initscript from killing the connection to the NFS server, an option needs to be added to /etc/conf.d/net on the diskless client's filesystem.

CODE Editing /etc/conf.d/net

config_eth0="noop"

Note
For more information, please read /usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2 .

Initialization scripts

Init scripts for slaves are located under /diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels for services needed on the diskless nodes. Each slave can be set up and customized here, it all depends on what each slave is meant to do.

Warning
Do not use the rc-update program to add or remove scripts from the slave runlevels when logged on to the master. This would change the master runlevels. The links need to be manually created or by logging into the slave nodes using ssh or connecting a screen and keyboard to the slave.

CODE Typical slave runlevels

/diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 2003-11-09 15:27 boot
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 2003-10-01 21:10 default
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 2003-03-13 19:05 nonetwork
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 2003-02-23 12:26 single
  
/diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/boot:
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           20 2003-10-18 17:28 bootmisc -> /etc/init.d/bootmisc
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           19 2003-10-18 17:28 checkfs -> /etc/init.d/checkfs
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           17 2003-10-18 17:28 clock -> /etc/init.d/clock
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           22 2003-10-18 17:28 domainname -> /etc/init.d/domainname
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           20 2003-10-18 17:28 hostname -> /etc/init.d/hostname
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           22 2003-10-18 17:28 localmount -> /etc/init.d/localmount
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           19 2003-10-18 17:28 modules -> /etc/init.d/modules
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           18 2003-10-18 17:28 net.lo -> /etc/init.d/net.lo
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           20 2003-10-18 17:28 netmount -> /etc/init.d/netmount
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           21 2003-10-18 17:28 rmnologin -> /etc/init.d/rmnologin
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           19 2003-10-18 17:28 urandom -> /etc/init.d/urandom
  
/diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/default:
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           23 2003-10-18 17:28 consolefont -> /etc/init.d/consolefont
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           19 2003-10-18 17:28 distccd -> /etc/init.d/distccd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           19 2003-10-18 17:28 keymaps -> /etc/init.d/keymaps
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           17 2003-10-18 17:28 local -> /etc/init.d/local
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           16 2003-10-18 17:28 sshd -> /etc/init.d/sshd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           21 2003-10-18 17:28 syslog-ng -> /etc/init.d/syslog-ng
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           17 2003-10-18 17:28 vixie-cron -> /etc/init.d/vixie-cron
  
/diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/nonetwork:
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           17 2003-10-18 17:28 local -> /etc/init.d/local
  
/diskless/192.168.1.21/etc/runlevels/single:
total 0

Now is a good time to boot the slave and cross some fingers. It works? Congratulations, you are now the proud owner of (a) diskless node(s).

This page is based on a document formerly found on our main website gentoo.org.
The following people contributed to the original document: Michael Andrews, Kristian Jerpetjoen, Xavier Neys
They are listed here because wiki history does not allow for any external attribution. If you edit the wiki article, please do not add yourself here; your contributions are recorded on each article's associated history page.

ディスクレスノード

Contents

はじめに

About this article

What is a diskless machine?

Before starting

Configuration

Master and the slaves

About kernels

The master kernel

About the slave kernel

The preliminary slave file system

The DHCP server

About the DHCP server

Before getting started

Installing the DHCP server

Configuring the DHCP server

Starting the DHCP server

Troubleshooting the DHCP server

TFTP server and PXE Linux Bootloader and/or Etherboot

About the TFTP server

Installing the TFTP server

Configuring the TFTP server

Starting the TFTP server

About PXELINUX

Before getting started

Setting up PXELINUX

About Etherboot

Before getting started

Setting up Etherboot

Troubleshooting the network boot process

The NFS server

About the NFS server

About Portmapper

Before starting

Installing the NFS server

Configuring the NFS server

Starting the NFS server

Completing the slave filesystem

Copy the missing files

Configure diskless networking

Initialization scripts