Project:Toolchain/23.0 update instructions

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The following text is in preparation of the profile upgrade newsitem. 

A profile upgrade to version 23.0 is available for your architecture. 
The new 23.0 profiles enable some toolchain hardening features and 
performance enhancements by default, and standardize settings.
You can find the list of changes on the wiki tracking page [1].

We strongly advise to precisely follow the upgrade instructions found below.
The 17.0, 17.1, 20.0, and 22.0 profiles will be marked deprecated in 2 months and
removed a year later. The exact dates depend on the architecture, see [2].

Upgrade instructions

Note 1: The use of binary packages is completely optional, and also not as much
tested as the source-based upgrade path yet. If you prefer to only use the 
traditional source-based installation, skip step 8 and omit the "--getbinpkg"
parameter in all emerge invocations.

Note 2: If you have manually changed your CHOST to a value different from what
the stages and profiles set, you may have to do that in the future too. In that
case you should know what you are doing, hopefully; please read the instructions
with a critical eye then.

1. Ensure your system backups are up to date. Please also update
   your system fully and depclean before proceeding.
   glibc older than 2.36 and musl older than 1.2.4 is not supported anymore.

2. If you are still using one of the long-deprecated amd64 17.0 profiles 
   (other than x32 or musl), then first complete the migration to the 
   corresponding 17.1 profile. Instructions can be found at [3].
   
3. If you are currently using systemd in a split-usr configuration, then first 
   complete the migration to the corresponding merged-usr profile of the 
   same profile version. Details on how to do this can be found in the news 
   item [4].

4. Run "emerge --info" and note down the value of the CHOST variable.

5. Edit /etc/portage/make.conf; if there is a line defining the CHOST variable,
   remove it. Also delete all lines defining CHOST_... variables.

6. Select the 23.0 profile corresponding to your current profile, either using
   "eselect profile" or by manually setting the profile symlink.
   Note that old profiles are by default split-usr and the 23.0 profiles by
   default merged-usr, i.e. example upgrades are
      default/linux/amd64/17.1                    ==> default/linux/amd64/23.0/split-usr
      default/linux/amd64/17.1/systemd/merged-usr ==> default/linux/amd64/23.0/systemd
   A detailed table can be found at [5].
   In rare cases (hppa, x86) the table will tell you to pick between two choices. 
   What you need should be obvious from your *OLD* CHOST value (from step 4).

7. Delete the contents of your binary package cache at ${PKGDIR}
     rm -r /var/cache/binpkgs/*

8. In /etc/portage/binrepos.conf, update the URI in all configuration files 
   such that they point to 23.0 profile binhost directories. The exact paths
   can be found in the table at [5], too.

9. Rebuild or reinstall from binary (if available) the following packages in
   this order, with the same version as already active:
     emerge --ask --oneshot --getbinpkg sys-devel/binutils
   (you may have to run binutils-config and re-select your binutils now)
     emerge --ask --oneshot --getbinpkg sys-devel/gcc
   (If this command fails because of mismatched "openmp" useflag requirements, 
    make sure you have FEATURES=preserved-libs enabled and try again with
    --nodeps added to the command line.)
   (you may have to run gcc-config and re-select your gcc now)
   and the C library, i.e. for glibc-based systems
     emerge --ask --oneshot --getbinpkg sys-libs/glibc
   or for musl-based systems
     emerge --ask --oneshot --getbinpkg sys-libs/musl

10. Re-run "emerge --info" and check if CHOST has changed compared to step 3.

If the CHOST has NOT changed, skip to step 13 (env-update). Otherwise, 

11. Recheck with binutils-config and gcc-config that valid installed versions
   of binutils and gcc are selected.

12. Check /etc/env.d, /etc/env.d/binutils, and /etc/env.d/gcc for files that
   refer to the *OLD* CHOST value, and remove them. 
   Examples how to do this can be found in the similar procedure at [6].

13. Run env-update && source /etc/profile

14. Re-emerge libtool:
   emerge --ask --oneshot --getbinpkg libtool

15. Rebuild world:
   emerge --ask --emptytree --getbinpkg @world


[1] https://wiki.g.o/wiki/Project:Toolchain/23.0_profile_transition
[2] https://wiki.g.o/wiki/Project:Toolchain/23.0_profile_timeline
[3] https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2019-06-05-amd64-17-1-profiles-are-now-stable.html
[4] https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2022-12-01-systemd-usrmerge.html
[5] https://wiki.g.o/wiki/Project:Toolchain/23.0_update_table
[6] https://wiki.g.o/wiki/Changing_the_CHOST_variable#Verifying_things_work
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