MySQL

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MySQL 是一个流行的,自由的关系型数据库管理系统软件。它经常与网络应用程序(如许多 PHP 站点)结合使用,但自 1994 年以来,它已获得更多企业级功能。一个替代分支是 MariaDB

安装

USE 标记

在安装 dev-db/mysql 之前,请仔细考虑影响包部署和功能的 USE 标志。下表概述了包支持的 USE 标志:

USE flags for dev-db/mysql A fast, multi-threaded, multi-user SQL database server

cjk Add CJK support for InnoDB fulltext search using app-text/mecab
client-libs Build the client libraries from the server package instead of the C Connector packages (not recommended)
cracklib Support for cracklib strong password checking
debug Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces
experimental Build experimental features aka "rapid" plugins
jemalloc Use dev-libs/jemalloc for memory management
latin1 Use LATIN1 encoding instead of UTF8
numa Enable NUMA support using sys-process/numactl (NUMA kernel support is also required)
perl Add optional support/bindings for the Perl language
profiling Add support for statement profiling (requires USE=community).
router Build the MySQL router program
selinux !!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
server Build the server program
static !!do not set this during bootstrap!! Causes binaries to be statically linked instead of dynamically
static-libs Build static versions of dynamic libraries as well
systemtap Build support for profiling and tracing using dev-debug/systemtap
tcmalloc Use the dev-util/google-perftools libraries to replace the malloc() implementation with a possibly faster one
test Install upstream testsuites for end use.

Emerge

一旦设置了正确的 USE 标志,安装 MySQL:

root #emerge --ask dev-db/mysql

配置

服务

OpenRC

要在系统启动时自动开启数据库,请将 mysql 初始化脚本添加到默认运行级别:

root #rc-update add mysql default

配置完本文档后面会提到的数据库后,启动mysql服务:

root #rc-service mysql start

初始化配置

dev-db/mysql 包通过 --config 选项处理 MySQL 的初始设置:

root #emerge --config dev-db/mysql

这将创建一个数据库,为其设置适当的权限并协助创建一个好的 root 密码(这是针对 MySQL root 的帐户,与 Linux root 帐户无关)。

要从安装中清除匿名用户和测试数据库,请在初始设置完成后运行 mysql_secure_installation

root #mysql_secure_installation

数据库内配置

当数据库启动并运行时,使用 mysql 客户端应用程序连接它。

user $mysql -u root -p -h localhost
Enter root password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1 to server version: 5.5.1
  
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
  
mysql>

从这一刻,一个到 MySQL 实例的会话已经打开的,它将为查询和管理等命令提供服务。

清除命令历史

默认情况下,MySQL 会记录每个操作,包括在其历史文件中留下纯文本密码。

删除历史文件:

root #rm /root/.mysql_history

或者,您可以使用以下命令永久禁用历史记录:

root #ln -sf /dev/null /root/.mysql_history

另请参阅