Gerbera
Gerbera is an open source UPnP media server that streams digital media through a home network to UPnP compatible devices. Gerbera is based on MediaTomb 0.12.1, which is no longer maintained.
Installation
Kernel
Gerbera requires IP multicast support for automatic discovery by UPnP devices.
[*] Networking support --->
Networking options --->
[*] TCP/IP networking
[*] IP: multicasting
Gerbera supports inotify, which is a file-monitoring mechanism that allows Gerbera to be notified about changes to files immediately. For more information, please consult the Gerbera trail operations documentation.
File systems --->
[*] Inotify support for userspace
USE flags
USE flags for net-misc/gerbera UPnP Media Server
+exif
|
Add support for reading EXIF headers from JPEG and TIFF images |
+ffmpeg
|
Enable ffmpeg/libav-based audio/video codec support |
+javascript
|
Enable javascript support |
+magic
|
Add support for file type detection via magic bytes (usually via libmagic from sys-apps/file) |
+matroska
|
Add support for the matroska container format (extensions .mkv, .mka and .mks) |
+taglib
|
Use media-libs/taglib for reading files' metadata |
curl
|
Support HTTP media sources (e.g. internet radio) |
debug
|
Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces |
exiv2
|
Use media-gfx/exiv2 to extract EXIF information |
ffmpegthumbnailer
|
Enable video thumbnail support with media-video/ffmpegthumbnailer |
mysql
|
Use dev-db/mysql as backend rather than SQLite3 |
systemd
|
Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking |
Emerge
After setting any USE configuration, proceed to install Gerbera:
root #
emerge --ask net-misc/gerbera
Configuration
Network
- To set the network interface that Gerbera binds to, add the following to the GERBERA_OPTIONS variable, and substitute
network_interface
with the appropriate value e.g.GERBERA_OPTIONS="-e eth0"
GERBERA_OPTIONS="-e network_interface"
- To set the IP address that Gerbera binds to, add the following to the GERBERA_OPTIONS variable, and substitute
ip_address
with the appropriate value e.g.GERBERA_OPTIONS="-i 192.168.0.1"
GERBERA_OPTIONS="-i ip_address"
MySQL
- To enable MySQL support, set the
enabled
attribute toyes
for the<mysql>
element:
<mysql enabled="yes">
- Set the
enabled
attribute tono
for the<sqlite3>
element:
<sqlite3 enabled="no">
- Set the
<host>
,<database>
,<username>
and<password>
elements:
<host>host</host>
<database>database</database>
<username>username</username>
<password>password</password>
- Login to MySQL and create the Gerbera database and user, using the
host
,database
,username
andpassword
values set in the Gerbera configuration file:
mysql>
CREATE DATABASE database;
mysql>
GRANT ALL ON database.* TO 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
Transcoding
Gerbera supports transcoding media files to formats that are supported by the UPnP device being used. The default Gentoo configuration file uses FFmpeg to transcode FLAC, Flash, Theora and Vorbis files. For more information, please consult the Gerbera transcoding configuration documentation.
- To enable transcoding support, set the
enabled
attribute toyes
for the<transcoding>
element:
<transcoding enabled="yes">
- For every additional mimetype that requires transcoding, add the following section in between the
<mimetype-profile-mappings>
and</mimetype-profile-mappings>
elements and substitutemimetype
andprofile
with the appropriate values e.g.<transcode mimetype="video/quicktime" using="video2mpeg"/>
<transcode mimetype="mimetype" using="profile"/>
- Install FFmpeg:
Transcoding support requires the USE flag
encode
to be enabled for the media-video/ffmpeg package.root #
emerge --ask --noreplace media-video/ffmpeg
Alternative transcoders
Gerbera's transcoding support is very flexible and any application capable of transcoding can be used. For more information, please consult the Gerbera transcoding documentation.
VLC
Audio
- To enable VLC audio transcoding, replace the
<agent>
element for theaudio2pcm
profile with the following:
<agent command="vlc" arguments="%in -I dummy --sout=#transcode{acodec=s16b,ab=192,samplerate=44100,channels=2}:standard{access=file,mux=raw,dst=%out} vlc://quit"/>
- Set the
<accept-url>
element toyes
for theaudio2pcm
profile:
<accept-url>yes</accept-url>
Video
- To enable VLC video transcoding, replace the
<agent>
element for thevideo2mpeg
profile with the following:
<agent command="vlc" arguments="%in -I dummy --sout=#transcode{vcodec=mp2v,vb=4096,fps=25,acodec=mpga,ab=192,samplerate=48000,channels=2,audio-sync}:standard{access=file,mux=ps,dst=%out} vlc://quit"/>
- Set the
<accept-url>
element toyes
for thevideo2mpeg
profile:
<accept-url>yes</accept-url>
- Install VLC:
Transcoding support requires the USE flags
ffmpeg
and encode
to be enabled for the media-video/vlc package. It also requires the USE flag encode
to be enabled for the media-video/ffmpeg package.root #
emerge --ask --noreplace media-video/vlc
MPlayer
Video
- To enable MPlayer video transcoding, replace the
<agent>
element for thevideo2mpeg
profile with the following:
<agent command="mencoder" arguments="%in -o %out -ovc lavc -oac lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vbitrate=4096:vrc_minrate=0:vrc_maxrate=9800:vrc_buf_size=1835:keyint=15:vstrict=0:acodec=mp2:abitrate=192 -vf harddup -af lavcresample=48000:channels=2 -srate 48000 -ofps 25 -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg2:tsaf"/>
- Set the
<accept-url>
element toyes
for thevideo2mpeg
profile:
<accept-url>yes</accept-url>
- Install MPlayer:
Transcoding support requires the USE flag
encode
to be enabled for the media-video/mplayer package.root #
emerge --ask --noreplace media-video/mplayer
DLNA
Gerbera is not a DLNA media server. Gerbera does have partial DLNA support for some DLNA devices e.g. PlayStation 3.
- To enable DLNA support, set the
extend
attribute toyes
for the<protocolInfo>
element:
<protocolInfo extend="yes">
- For DLNA enabled TVs (e.g. Samsung), add the following section in between the
<server>
and</server>
elements:
<custom-http-headers>
<add header="transferMode.dlna.org: Streaming"/>
<add header="contentFeatures.dlna.org: DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_CI=0;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01500000000000000000000000000000"/>
</custom-http-headers>
Video thumbnails
Video thumbnail support requires the USE flags
ffmpeg
and ffmpegthumbnailer
to be enabled for the net-misc/gerbera package.- To enable video thumbnail support, set the
enabled
attribute toyes
for the<ffmpegthumbnailer>
element:
<ffmpegthumbnailer enabled="yes">
- To overlay a filmstrip border on the generated thumbnail, set the
<filmstrip-overlay>
element toyes
:
<filmstrip-overlay>yes</filmstrip-overlay>
- For DLNA enabled devices that support video thumbnails (e.g. PlayStation 3), set the
extend
attribute toyes
for the<protocolInfo>
element:
<protocolInfo extend="yes">
Raw images
- To enable (Canon CR2 and Nikon NEF) raw image support, enable transcoding and add the following section in between the
<profile>
and</profile>
elements:
<profile name="raw2jpeg" enabled="yes" type="external">
<mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype>
<accept-url>no</accept-url>
<first-resource>yes</first-resource>
<hide-original-resource>yes</hide-original-resource>
<use-chunked-encoding>no</use-chunked-encoding>
<agent command="/usr/local/bin/gerbera-raw2jpeg" arguments="%in %out"/>
<buffer size="524288" chunk-size="512" fill-size="1024"/>
</profile>
- Add the following section in between the
<mimetype-profile-mappings>
and</mimetype-profile-mappings>
elements:
<transcode mimetype="image/raw" using="raw2jpeg"/>
- For every additional raw image format (supported by dcraw), add the following section in between the
<extension-mimetype ignore-unknown="no">
and</extension-mimetype>
elements, and substituteextension
with the appropriate value e.g.<map from="kdc" to="image/raw"/>
<map from="extension" to="image/raw"/>
- Since dcraw only outputs to stdout, the output will need to be redirected with the following script:
#!/bin/sh
DCRAW_PATH="/usr/bin/dcraw"
INPUT="$1"
OUTPUT="$2"
exec "${DCRAW_PATH}" -e -c "${INPUT}" > "${OUTPUT}"
- Install dcraw:
root #
emerge --ask --noreplace media-gfx/dcraw
Service
OpenRC
- To start Gerbera:
root #
rc-service gerbera start
- To start Gerbera at boot:
root #
rc-update add gerbera default
systemd
Start Gerbera:
root #
systemctl start gerbera
Start Gerbera at boot:
root #
systemctl enable gerbera
Troubleshooting
Mimetype mapping
After adding or changing a mimetype mapping, media needs to be imported again since mimetype mappings are only set during import.
Gerbera (via libmagic) may identify the mimetype of some files incorrectly. A common case is where videos with the mp4
extension are identified as the mimetype audio/mp4
. To override the mimetype returned by libmagic, add the following section in between the <extension-mimetype ignore-unknown="no">
and </extension-mimetype>
elements, and substitute extension
and mimetype
with the appropriate values e.g. <map from="mp4" to="video/mp4"/>
<map from="extension" to="mimetype"/>
See also
- MiniDLNA — a media server aiming to be DLNA/UPnP-AV compliant.
References
- ↑ seppbiersack. Samsung TV Support, Gerbera GitHub, September 26th, 2018. Retrieved on March 7th, 2019.