Ryzen

From Gentoo Wiki
(Redirected from AMD Ryzen)
Jump to:navigation Jump to:search
Resources

Ryzen is a multithreaded, high performance processor manufactured by AMD. The first generation based on the Zen microarchitecture (µarch) was released in Q1, 2017 as Ryzen 1000 series. A refresh called Zen+ was released in Q2, 2018, as the Ryzen 2000 series. The second generation is the Ryzen 3000/4000 series, based on the Zen 2 microarchitecture, and was released in Q3, 2019. The third generation aka Zen 3 microarchitecture was released in Q4, 2020. The Ryzen 5000 series features processors of the Zen 2 and the Zen 3 microarchitectures. Released in Q4, 2022, the Ryzen 7000 series of CPUs feature the Zen 4 microarchitecture.

Hardware

Tip
Microcode version can be inspected by running dmesg | grep -i microcode from a terminal. Refer to AMD microcode for information on how to use updated microcode.

To find which Zen generation a running Ryzen system really is (especially on Ryzen 7000 systems, which can be either Zen 2, Zen 3, or Zen 4)[1], running the following command(s) will help determine the actual Zen generation:

1st command to look for in output: 2nd command look for: CONCLUSION
user $uname -p
Ryzen 1000 or 2000 Zen 1
Ryzen 3000 or 4000 Zen 2
Ryzen 5000
user $grep -m1 "cpu family" /proc/cpuinfo
cpu family: 23 (17h) Zen 2
cpu family: 25 (19h) Zen 3
Ryzen 6000 Zen 3
Ryzen 7000
user $grep -m2 -P "(cpu family)|model[^ ]" /proc/cpuinfo
cpu family: 23 (17h) Zen 2
cpu family: 25 (19h) and either model: 0-15 or model: 32-95 Zen 3
cpu family: 25 (19h) and either model: 16-31 or model: 96+ Zen 4

Alternatively, on the actual system, running gcc can show the native compiler optimization, provided the version of gcc in use has support for it (see #GCC):

user $LC_ALL=C gcc -### -E - -march=native

In the output, one line should show "-march=znvern", where n (1 through 5) is the Zen generation of the currently running system.

The sys-apps/cpuid utility can show the µarch as well:

root #emerge --ask sys-apps/cpuid
user $cpuid -1 | grep uarch
   (uarch synth) = AMD Zen 3, 7nm

Ryzen Threadripper

Device µarch Status Bus ID Kernel driver(s) Kernel version Latest microcode patch level Notes
Ryzen TR 1900X Zen Unknown N/A N/A ? ?
Ryzen TR 1920X Zen Works N/A N/A 4.19.44+ 0x08001137 For stability use kernel parameters: processor.max_cstate=1 rcu_nocbs=0-11 idle=nomwait
Ryzen TR 1950X Zen Works N/A N/A 4.19.52+ 0x8001137 Firmware blob: amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam17h.bin
Ryzen TR 2920X Zen+ Unknown N/A N/A ? ?
Ryzen TR 2950X Zen+ Works N/A N/A ? 0x0800820d Firmware blob: amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam17h.bin
Ryzen TR 2970WX Zen+ Unknown N/A N/A ? ?
Ryzen TR 2990WX Zen+ Unknown N/A N/A ? ?
Ryzen TR 3990X Zen2 Works N/A N/A 5.4+ 0x0830104d Firmware blob: amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam17h.bin

Ryzen 9

Device µarch Status Bus ID Kernel driver(s) Kernel version Latest microcode patch level Notes
Ryzen 9 7900X and 7950X Zen 4 Works N/A amdgpu 6.0.5 0xa601203 Firmware blob: amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam19h.bin from linux-firmware-20221214.
Ryzen 9 5950X Zen 3 Works N/A N/A 5.15.41 0xa20120a Firmware blob: amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam19h.bin from linux-firmware-20220509.
Ryzen 9 5900X Zen 3 Works N/A N/A 5.10+ ? System booted with 5.10.15 with minor issues, but would recommend 5.13+.

Tested with latest 5.15.2 also without issues.

Firmware Blob: amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam17h.bin & linux-firmware-20211027

Ryzen 9 3950X Zen 2 Works N/A N/A 5.4.0-rc5 ? Earlier version of kernel were not tried(experimental kernel due to AMDGPU drivers are needed for newest AMD video card). Booting with keyboard that requires 2 USB connectors fails at GRUB time. Workaround - disconnect keyboard until kernel is loading. Once kernel started, keyboard can be connected as usual. At this time it's not clear if problem is related to CPU or motherboard of keyboard or combination. On same motherboard/keyboard but with Ryzen 5 - it worked fine.
Ryzen 9 3900X Zen 2 Works N/A N/A 5.4.38 ? Earlier kernel versions not tested

Ryzen 7

Device µarch Status Bus ID Kernel driver(s) Kernel version Latest microcode patch level Notes
Ryzen 7 9800X3D Zen 5 Works N/A amdgpu 6.10.14+ 0x0b404023 Firmware blob: amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam19h.bin from linux-firmware-20241110.
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U Zen 3 Works N/A amdgpu 5.10+ 0x0a50000c "Cezanne" APU; kernel 5.11 recommended, full support since 5.13
Ryzen 7 5800H Works
Ryzen 7 5700U Zen 2 Works N/A amdgpu 5.15.32+ 0x8608103 "Lucienne" APU
Ryzen 7 5700G Zen 3 Works 1002-1638 amdgpu 5.10.150+ 0x0a50000c "Cezanne" APU
Ryzen 7 4800H Zen 2 Works N/A 5.16.15+ 0x08600106
Ryzen 7 3700X Zen 2 Works N/A N/A ? ?
Ryzen 7 2700X Zen+ Works N/A N/A 4.4.10+ 0x08008206 AGESA 1002c
Ryzen 7 1800X Zen Works N/A N/A 4.4.10+ 0x08001138 AGESA 0072
Ryzen 7 1700X Zen Works N/A N/A 4.4.10+ 0x08001129 ?
Ryzen 7 1700 Zen Works N/A N/A 4.4.10+ 0x08001138 ?

Ryzen 5

Device µarch Status Bus ID Kernel driver(s) Kernel version Latest microcode patch level Notes
Ryzen 5 5600G Zen 3 Works N/A N/A ? ? ?
Ryzen 5 3600X Zen 2 Works N/A N/A 4.19.66+ 0x08701013 1.0.0.4B
Ryzen 5 1600X Zen Works N/A N/A ? ? ?
Ryzen 5 1600 Zen Works N/A N/A 4.4.10+ 0x08001138 1.0.0.4C
Ryzen 5 1500X Zen Works N/A N/A ? ? ?
Ryzen 5 1400 Zen Works N/A N/A ? ? ?

Installation

Firmware

To install the Zen microcode, emerge sys-kernel/linux-firmware:

root #emerge --ask sys-kernel/linux-firmware

The firmware blobs will need to be added to the kernel in order to be loaded.

Kernel

Enable support for Ryzen hardware in kernel 4.11.0 and newer:

KERNEL Kernel 4.11.0 or newer
Processor type and features  --->
  [*] Symmetric multi-processing support Search for <code>CONFIG_SMP</code> to find this item.
  [*] Support x2apic Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_X2APIC</code> to find this item.
  [*] AMD ACPI2Platform devices support Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_AMD_PLATFORM_DEVICE</code> to find this item.
  [*] Supported processor vendors Search for <code>CONFIG_PROCESSOR_SELECT</code> to find this item.  --->
    [*]   Support AMD processors Search for <code>CONFIG_CPU_SUP_AMD</code> to find this item.
  [*] SMT (Hyperthreading) scheduler support
  [*] Multi-core scheduler support Search for <code>CONFIG_SCHED_MC</code> to find this item.
  [*] Machine Check / overheating reporting Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_MCE</code> to find this item.
  [*]   AMD MCE features Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_MCE_AMD</code> to find this item.
  Performance monitoring  --->
    <*> Intel/AMD rapl performance events Search for <code>CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS_INTEL_RAPL</code> to find this item.
  [*]   AMD microcode loading support Search for <code>CONFIG_MICROCODE_AMD</code> to find this item.
Power management and ACPI options  --->
  CPU Frequency scaling  --->
      Default CPUFreq governor (ondemand) Search for <code>CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_ONDEMAND</code> to find this item.  --->
    <*>   ACPI Processor P-States driver Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_ACPI_CPUFREQ</code> to find this item.
    [ /*]     Legacy cpb sysfs knob support for AMD CPUs Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_ACPI_CPUFREQ_CPB</code> to find this item.
    < >   AMD Opteron/Athlon64 PowerNow! Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_POWERNOW_K8</code> to find this item.
    <*>   AMD frequency sensitivity feedback powersave bias Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_AMD_FREQ_SENSITIVITY</code> to find this item.
Device Drivers  --->
  Generic Driver Options --->
    Firmware loader  --->
      [*] Firmware loading facility Search for <code>CONFIG_FW_LOADER</code> to find this item.
      (amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam17h.bin) External firmware blobs to build into the kernel binary Search for <code>CONFIG_EXTRA_FIRMWARE</code> to find this item.
      (/lib/firmware) Firware blobs root directory Search for <code>CONFIG_EXTRA_FIRMWARE_DIR</code> to find this item.
  [*] Hardware Monitoring support Search for <code>CONFIG_HWMON</code> to find this item. --->
    <*>   AMD Family 10h+ temperature sensor Search for <code>CONFIG_SENSORS_K10TEMP</code> to find this item.
  [*] IOMMU Hardware Support Search for <code>CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT</code> to find this item.  --->
    [*]   AMD IOMMU support Search for <code>CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU</code> to find this item.
    <*>     AMD IOMMU Version 2 driver Search for <code>CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU_V2</code> to find this item.

For Zen 2 (or newer) CPUs, an alternative AMD P-State driver can be used instead of the traditional ACPI driver. AMD P-State supports the schedutil and ondemand governors for dynamic frequency control. See upstream's documentation for more information.

KERNEL Kernel 5.17 or newer provide the alternative AMD P-State driver
Power management and ACPI options  --->
  CPU Frequency scaling  --->
      Default CPUFreq governor (schedutil) Search for <code>CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_SCHEDUTIL</code> to find this item.  --->
    <*>   AMD Processor P-State driver Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_AMD_PSTATE</code> to find this item.

Additionally, the following options enable various chipset drivers common to all Ryzen platforms:

KERNEL Additional chipset drivers
Device Drivers  --->
  I2C support --->
    I2C Hardware Bus Support --->
      <*> Intel PIIX4 and compatible (ATI/AMD/Serverworks/Broadcom/SMSC) Search for <code>CONFIG_I2C_PIIX4</code> to find this item.
  [*] Pin Controllers Search for <code>CONFIG_PINCTRL</code> to find this item. --->
    [*]   AMD GPIO pin control Search for <code>CONFIG_PINCTRL_AMD</code> to find this item.
[*] Cryptographic API Search for <code>CONFIG_CRYPTO</code> to find this item. --->
  [*]   Hardware crypto devices Search for <code>CONFIG_CRYPTO_HW</code> to find this item.  --->
    [*]   Support for AMD Secure Processor Search for <code>CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_CCP</code> to find this item.
    [ /*]     Cryptographic Coprocessor device Search for <code>CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_SP_CCP</code> to find this item.
    < /M/*>     Encryption and hashing offload support Search for <code>CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_CCP_CRYPTO</code> to find this item.
    <*>   Secure Processor device driver Search for <code>CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_CCP_DD</code> to find this item.
    <*>   Platform Security Processor (PSP) device Search for <code>CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_SP_PSP</code> to find this item.

For Ryzen desktop chipsets, enable AMD Promontory GPIO:

KERNEL Support for AMD Promontory GPIO
Device Drivers  --->
  [*]   GPIO Support Search for <code>CONFIG_GPIOLIB</code> to find this item.  --->
    Memory mapped GPIO drivers  --->
      <*> AMD Promontory GPIO support Search for <code>CONFIG_GPIO_AMDPT</code> to find this item.

For Zen 3 (or newer) APUs (e.g. in notebooks or Chromebooks), the AMD Power Management Controller[2] can be enabled:

KERNEL Kernel 5.11 or newer (CONFIG_AMD_PMC)
Device Drivers  --->
  [*] X86 Platform Specific Device Drivers Search for <code>CONFIG_X86_PLATFORM_DEVICES</code> to find this item.  --->
    <*>   AMD SoC PMC driver Search for <code>CONFIG_AMD_PMC</code> to find this item.
Tip
While configuring the kernel, it is a good idea to build in any appropriate AMD microcode updates needed by the CPU.

Those using sys-kernel/gentoo-sources with the experimental USE flag will have additional Processor family options made available:

KERNEL Kernel 4.11.0 (gentoo-sources) – choose one of:
Processor type and features  --->
  Processor family  --->
    (X) AMD Zen Search for <code>CONFIG_MZEN</code> to find this item.
    ( ) AMD Zen 2 Search for <code>CONFIG_MZEN2</code> to find this item.
    ( ) AMD Zen 3 Search for <code>CONFIG_MZEN3</code> to find this item.
    ( ) AMD Zen 4 Search for <code>CONFIG_MZEN4</code> to find this item.

This enables -march=znver1 (MZEN), -march=znver2 (MZEN2), -march=znver3 (MZEN3) or -march=znver4 (MZEN4) to be set for the kernel's make process, which will optimize the kernel's binary for the target CPU architecture.

Tip
Alternatively, Generic-x86-64 can be set in the Processor family for more generic CPU support. In theory this would make the kernel binaries portable in the event that it would be use on CPUs other than AMD Ryzen.
Note
For APUs, processors which include graphics, additional configuration is required. See AMDGPU for further information.

Configuration

GCC

CFLAGS in /etc/portage/make.conf may be used for GCC compiler optimization as follows, where znver1 acts as a placeholder for the actual Zen µarch:

FILE /etc/portage/make.confZen compiler optimization
CFLAGS="-O2 -march=znver1"

Alternatively, -march=native will produce optimized code for system on which GCC is running on, which is not suitable for every configuration (e. g. for distcc see Distcc#CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS).

For historical purposes, the following table shows minimum GCC versions for use with Zen compiler optimizations.

µarch -march parameter GCC version Remarks
any Zen n/a up to 5.x and 6.2 No support for znver1 or newer.
Zen, Zen+ znver1 6.3 and newer Neither GCC 6[3] nor 7[4] were optimized for Zen. Optimizations were introduced with GCC 8[5][6] and 9.[7]
Zen 2 znver2 9.2 and newer Support for Zen 2 was backported from GCC 10.
Zen 3 znver3 10.3[8] and newer
Zen 4 znver4 12.3[9] and newer Support for Zen 4 was backported from GCC 13.0.
Zen 5 znver5 14.1[10] and newer

When there is no specific compiler optimization option (-march=) available, the previous version should be used, i. e. for Zen 2 -march=znver1 should be used on GCC from versions 6.3 to 9.1.

For very old GCC versions, a generic option like -march=skylake may be used. Bulldozer optimizations (-march=bdvern) will not work, because Bulldozer has extensions (namely FMA4, XOP and TBM) that were removed with the Zen microarchitecture.

Warning
Wrong compiler optimization options will result in broken code and SEGVs![11]

Drivers for lm-sensors

The HWMON (lm-sensors) driver for ASUS motherboards of this class are included in kernel versions 5.17 and higher. For those in need to use older kernel versions, consider using the asus-wmi-sensors driver available under https://github.com/electrified/asus-wmi-sensors. Please also check if the motherboard is supported or not.

An ebuild is available using an overlay. Add it with either:

root #eselect repository add nightdragon_layman git https://github.com/NightDragon1/nightdragon_layman.git

Alternatively there is a community ebuild repository available:

root #mkdir -p /etc/portage/repos.conf
root #wget -O /etc/portage/repos.conf/gyakovlev.conf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gyakovlev/gentoo-overlay/master/gyakovlev.conf

or:

root #curl -Lo /etc/portage/repos.conf/gyakovlev.conf --create-dirs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gyakovlev/gentoo-overlay/master/gyakovlev.conf

Troubleshooting

1st gen Ryzen series (1000 series)

Segmentation faults during compilation

If segmentation faults (segfaults, short SEGVs) are encountered frequently on Zen it might be anything from a software bug to a hardware bug. Since the CPU is under heavy load during a compilation process, this is most commonly the very time to discover such recurring SEGVs. With certain adjustments it may be possible to mitigate these segfaults—there have been reports of success and failure.

When encountering frequent SEGVs, please first ensure the most recently compiled binutils is selected via

user $eselect binutils list
 [1] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-2.27
 [2] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-2.28 *

If an early CPU batch is affected (2017), it should be/have been replaced through RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) which AMD provides on its website. The recommendation to disable all overclocking and set proper timings for RAM is only for systems that were overclocked—at the designated speed CPU and RAM will not produce recurring SEGVs!

Faulty hardware

As of 2017-08-08 AMD confirmed a problem residing inside the Ryzen processor itself. This problem should only affect the very few early Ryzen batches that were produced (available and sold mid-2017). AMD confirmed the issue[12][13] and RMA was possible within the warranty period.

Note
The following was only applicable to mitigate CPUs that produced segfaults due to faulty hardware. For replaced CPUs and newer revisions, none of the following is recommended!
  • Consider downgrading or upgrading the BIOS/UEFI to the most stable.
  • Some motherboards' BIOS/UEFI setups have an option to disable OPCache. This has been observed to limit or stop segfaults albeit with a 5-7% performance cost.
  • Some users have reported that disabling ASLR resolves the segfault issues. This can be done at runtime by issuing echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space and to make it permanent:
FILE /etc/sysctl.confDisabling ASLR
kernel.randomize_va_space = 0

Related forum topics: 1 and 2. And a Phoronix forum topic.

Note
No longer necessary, but left here as general information on the issue:

Ryzen users could fill out the Gentoo and Ryzen config and stability questionnaire to help out collecting data.

See also the datasheet generated from above questionnaire.

Soft freezes on 1st gen Ryzen 7

Problem: First generation Ryzen 7 systems will mysteriously soft freeze after a period of time.[14] Keyboard and mouse do not respond to input, output on the display freezes. System requires a hard reset (pressing the reset button on the case, pressing and holding the power button for 5 seconds, or pulling the power cord) in order to unfreeze. This is specifically an issue with freezing kernel, and not segfaulting.[15]

Solution: This issue may be correctable by disabling c6 power states in the motherboard's firmware or by adjust adding the following kernel symbol, and passing the following kernel cmdline parameter at boot time:

KERNEL
General setup  --->
  RCU Subsystem  --->
    [*] Make expert-level adjustments to RCU configuration Search for <code>CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT</code> to find this item.
    [*] Offload RCU callback processing from boot-selected CPUs Search for <code>CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU</code> to find this item.

Then pass the following kernel commandline parameter at boot time rcu_nocbs=0-15. This is generally performed with secondary bootloaders such as GRUB or systemd/systemd-boot. Alternatively, when booting via EFI stub, parameters set within the kernel's .config file and built into the kernel binary. Refer to the appropriate article for details on updating the system's bootloader configuration.

Another possible fix is to add the following kernel cmdline parameters: clearcpuid=514 rcu_nocbs=0-15 pci=noaer idle=nomwait

Overclocking or wrong settings

When experiencing segfaults on an otherwise healthy system, the following could help to solve the problem:

  • Ensure using the newest binutils; an older instance of binutils could be built against older opcode facilitating crashes due to poor linkage.
  • Ensure RAM voltage and timing are correct for the RAM; BIOS/UEFI implementations are conservative while performing autosetting.
  • Consider downgrading the BIOS/UEFI to the most stable version. ASUS and ASRock have been known to push very beta BIOS/UEFI versions that have shown to be quite unstable.

Random reboots with mce events

Likely due to errata 1109 a Ryzen system may encounter random, spontaneous reboots with MCE hardware errors being logged on startup. An example MCE event looks like this:

Oct 31 11:46:23 fire kernel: [    0.677235] [Hardware Error]: System Fatal error.
Oct 31 11:46:23 fire kernel: [    0.677439] [Hardware Error]: CPU:10 (17:1:1) MC5_STATUS[-|UE|MiscV|PCC|AddrV|-|-|SyndV|TCC]: 0xbea0000000000108
Oct 31 11:46:23 fire kernel: [    0.677798] [Hardware Error]: Error Addr: 0x0001ffff810796c0
Oct 31 11:46:23 fire kernel: [    0.678003] [Hardware Error]: IPID: 0x000500b000000000, Syndrome: 0x000000004d000000
Oct 31 11:46:23 fire kernel: [    0.678356] [Hardware Error]: Execution Unit Extended Error Code: 0
Oct 31 11:46:23 fire kernel: [    0.678562] [Hardware Error]: Execution Unit Error: Watchdog timeout error.
Oct 31 11:46:23 fire kernel: [    0.678562] [Hardware Error]: cache level: RESV, tx: GEN, mem-tx: GEN

Suggested workarounds include:

  • Adding the kernel boot parameter idle=nomwait. Note that any solution that prevents the kernel from executing the MWAIT instruction will not prevent the issue from occurring 100% of the time, as other code could execute the instruction.
  • Modifying the "Power Supply Idle Control" setting in the BIOS.
  • Consider disabling C-States. This can be done the BIOS/UEFI or with the boot parameter processor.max_cstate=5.

See also this kernel Bugzilla entry, this AMD forum discussion, and many other discussions.

Broken VME (Virtual-8086 Mode Enhancements) on 1st gen Ryzen

1st Ryzen processors generation had a broken VME implementation:[16] 16-bits VM86 tasks within a 32-bits protected mode OS crash. This has been fixed by a later microcode revision.[17]

See also

  • AMDGPU — the next generation family of open source graphics drivers using the new Display Core (DC) framework for Vega GPUs and Raven Ridge GPUs. It is however also capable of handling newer AMD/ATI Radeon graphics cards based on GCN1.0+, namely the Southern Islands, Sea Islands, Volcanic Islands, and Arctic Islands chipsets.
  • AMDGPU-PRO — the next generation closed source graphics component that operates on top of the open source AMDGPU drivers for newer AMD/ATI Radeon graphics cards.
  • AMD microcode — describes updating the microcode for AMD processors.

External resources

References

  1. Announcing New Model Numbers for 2023+ Mobile Proc... - AMD Community, AMD.com. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  2. Linux Kernel Driver DataBase: CONFIG_AMD_PMC: AMD SoC PMC driver, LKDDB. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  3. GCC bug report
  4. GCC & LLVM Clang Compiler Benchmarks On AMD's EPYC 7601 (Phoronix, 26 Sept 2017, by Michael Larabel); page 6: …and then GCC 7.2.0 was in last with only coming out ahead in five of the benchmarks.
  5. SUSE Developer Working On AMD Zen Tuning For GCC (Phoronix, 5 Oct 2017, by Michael Larabel)
  6. Running Some Fresh GCC 8.0 Compiler Benchmarks On AMD EPYC With "znver1" (Phoronix, 31 Oct 2017, by Michael Larabel)
  7. Extensive Benchmarks Looking At AMD Znver1 GCC 9 Performance, EPYC Compiler Tuning (Phoronix, 20 Feb 2019, by Michael Larabel)
  8. GCC 10 Release Series — Changes, New Features, and Fixes - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) (GNU.org)
  9. GCC 12 Release Series — Changes, New Features, and Fixes - GNU Project (GNU.org)
  10. AMD Zen 5 "Znver5" CPU Enablement Merged For GCC 14 (phoronix.com)
  11. https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=80313
  12. Phoronix - AMD Confirms Linux Performance Marginality Problem Affecting Some, Doesn't Affect Epyc / Theadripper
  13. AMD Forums - gcc segmentation faults on Ryzen / Linux
  14. https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196683
  15. https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196683#c9
  16. https://www.os2museum.com/wp/vme-broken-on-amd-ryzen
  17. https://www.os2museum.com/wp/vme-fixed-on-amd-ryzen