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Quagga is a free software routing suite. Quagga supports static routing, and dynamic routing protocols.

The Quagga routing suite consists of 2 parts:

• zebra daemon
• routing proceses (RIP,OSPF,BGP,IS-IS,Babel,OLSR,LDP,BFD)

The zebra daemon is a abstraction layer between the kernel and the running routing processes. Each routing protocol has its own specific daemon.

Quagga installed on a physical host acts as a dedicated router. Quagga updates the kernel routing table. It modifies interface IP addressing, sets static routes and enables dynamic routing.

Quagga can modify, add and change the physical host interface configuration and routing table, without the need user having privileged root access to a dedicated machine. Quagga is basically a another tool for iproute2 and sys-apps/net-tools, with advanced IP networking functionalities.

All routing daemons listed communicate with the zebra daemon, not directly with the kernel.

ripd	ripngd	ospfd	ospfv6d	bgpd	isisd	babeld	olsrd	ldpd	bfdd	iproute2	net-tools	ethtool	other tool
zebra
UNIX/Linux kernel IP networking
lo				eth0				wlan0				other interface

Installation

Cannot load package information. Is the atom net-misc/quagga correct?

root #emerge --ask quagga

root #rc-update add quagga default

Before starting zebra you have to configure it, by creating a /etc/quagga/zebra.conf file.

root #bzcat /usr/share/doc/quagga-0.99.22.4/samples/zebra.conf.sample.bz2 > /etc/quagga/zebra.conf

Start zebra daemon:

root #/etc/init.d/quagga start

Verify zebra is running:

root #netstat -tulpen | grep zebra

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2601            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      114        21947582   23564/zebra

Usage

Following section describes a very basic configuration example, how to configure a additional IP address 192.168.0.100/32 on a loopback interface lo, then finally to test in using iproute2.

A short overview of commands used:

Action	Command
Login to zebra	user $telnet localhost 2601
Show basic IP networking information	Router>show ip route
Get privileged access	Router>enable
Get into "edit" mode	Router#conf t
Configure IP address on a loopback interface	Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.100/32
Show current configuration	Router#show int lo
Save quagga configuration	Router#wr
Display configured IP address using iproute2	user $ip add

Following IP networking settings have been used:

IP networking settings

Interface	IP address	Netmask	Gateway	CIDR
lo	127.0.0.1	255.0.0.0	127.0.0.1	127.0.0.1/8
eth0	(none)	(none)	(none)	(none)
wlan0	192.168.0.10	255.255.255.0	192.168.0.1	192.168.0.10/24

Display configured IP settings using iproute2

user $ip add

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 brd 127.255.255.255 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 63:nt:00:r0:ck:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether de:ad:be:ef:de:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global wlan0

Show the linux IP routing table:

user $ip route

default via 192.168.0.1 dev wlan0  metric 2005
127.0.0.0/8 dev lo  scope host
127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo
192.168.0.0/24 dev wlan0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.0.10  metric 2005

Login

The default quagga configuration has following user credentials for login:

root # grep -v ! /etc/quagga/zebra.conf

hostname Router
password zebra
enable password zebra

Use these credentials to Login to local zebra daemon

user $telnet localhost 2601

Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.

Hello, this is Quagga (version 0.99.22.4).
Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al.

User Access Verification

Password:
Router>

Using help

Show basic mode commands, use ? key for help.

Router>?

  echo      Echo a message back to the vty
  enable    Turn on privileged mode command
  exit      Exit current mode and down to previous mode
  help      Description of the interactive help system
  list      Print command list
  quit      Exit current mode and down to previous mode
  show      Show running system information
  terminal  Set terminal line parameters
  who       Display who is on vty

After choosing initial entry command show, continue using ? key to display further possible commands

Router>show ?

  debugging    Zebra configuration
  history      Display the session command history
  interface    Interface status and configuration
  ip           IP information
  ipv6         IPv6 information
  logging      Show current logging configuration
  memory       Memory statistics
  table        default routing table to use for all clients
  thread       Thread information
  version      Displays zebra version
  work-queues  Work Queue information

Router>show ip ?

  forwarding   IP forwarding status
  mroute       IP Multicast routing table
  prefix-list  Build a prefix list
  protocol     IP protocol filtering status
  route        IP routing table

Router>show ip route

The help function is setup like a tree, where using the ? key displays further levels of commands.

Show routing table

Compare output shown below to the linux ip route, shows exactly the same IP routing table.

Router>show ip route K>* 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.0.1, wlan0 K * 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1, lo inactive C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo C>* 192.168.0.10/24 is directly connected, wlan0

user $ip route default via 192.168.0.1 dev wlan0 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo scope host 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo 192.168.0.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.10

In the upper example some lines have been skipped. The additional Codes line is shown below:

Router>show ip route Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, A - Babel, > - selected route, * - FIB route K>* 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.0.1, wlan0 K * 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1, lo inactive C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo C>* 192.168.0.10/24 is directly connected, wlan0 Privileged mode The privileged mode is used to add, change, modify interface IP settings. To get into privileged mode use enable, the default password zebra. Router>ena Password: Note The prompt will change from > to # if using privileged mode Run once again help in privileged mode, notice different commands available in this mode. Router#? clear Reset functions configure Configuration from vty interface copy Copy configuration debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') disable Turn off privileged mode command echo Echo a message back to the vty end End current mode and change to enable mode. exit Exit current mode and down to previous mode help Description of the interactive help system list Print command list logmsg Send a message to enabled logging destinations no Negate a command or set its defaults quit Exit current mode and down to previous mode show Show running system information terminal Set terminal line parameters who Display who is on vty write Write running configuration to memory, network, or terminal Show configuration To display current configuration use the show running-config command. Router#sh run Current configuration: ! hostname Router password zebra enable password zebra ! interface eth0 ! interface lo ! interface wlan0 ! ! ! line vty ! end Configure IP address Get into edit mode Router#conf t Router(config)# Chose the IP loopback interface Router(config)#int lo Router(config-if)# Configure the IP address 192.168.0.100/32 on loopback interface Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.0.100/32 Note 192.168.0.100/32 is in the same IP network as the wlan0 interface 192.168.0.0/24 Exit edit mode End the edit mode mode session: Router(config-if)#end Router# Verify configuration Show running configuration: Router#show run Current configuration: ! hostname Router password zebra enable password zebra ! interface eth0 ! interface lo ip address 192.168.0.100/32 ! interface wlan0 ! ! ! line vty ! end Show loopback interface configuration: Router#sh int lo Interface lo is up, line protocol detection is disabled index 1 metric 1 mtu 65536 flags: <UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> inet 127.0.0.1/8 broadcast 127.255.255.255 inet 192.168.0.100/32 Show routing table Router#show ip route Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, A - Babel, > - selected route, * - FIB route K>* 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.0.1, wlan0 K * 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1, lo inactive C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo C>* 192.168.0.10/24 is directly connected, wlan0 C>* 192.168.0.100/24 is directly connected, lo Save configuration Save running configuration: Router#write Configuration saved to /etc/quagga/zebra.conf Exit router Exit quagga Router#exit Test connectivity Verify IP configuration using iproute2. Notice the additional IP address setup on loopback interface: user $ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 brd 127.255.255.255 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.0.100/32 scope global lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 63:nt:00:r0:ck:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 link/ether de:ad:be:ef:de:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global wlan0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever Now you can verify this IP address is reachable in the network. user $ping 192.168.0.100 PING 192.168.0.100 (192.168.0.100) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms [...] --- 192.168.0.100 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.040/0.042/0.047/0.007 ms Review the /etc/quagga/zebra.conf file Template:File Advanced Usage Each dynamic routing protocol (BGP,RIP,OSPF,...) has a separate startup script in /etc/init.d/ List services available in /etc/init.d/ root #rc-service -l | egrep 'bgp|rip|ospf' bgpd ospf6d ospfd ripd ripngd Initial Configuration For each routing protocol extract initial configuration root #bzcat /usr/share/doc/quagga-*/samples/ripd.conf.sample.bz2 > /etc/quagga/ripd.conf Start Service root #rc-service ripd start Management Each routing deamon can be accessed on different TCP/UDP port for management purposes like for configuration changes, adding new routing information etc. user $egrep 'ripd|ripngd|ospfd|bgpd' /etc/services discp-server 2602/tcp ripd # discp server discp-server 2602/udp ripd servicemeter 2603/tcp ripngd # Service Meter servicemeter 2603/udp ripngd nsc-ccs 2604/tcp ospfd # NSC CCS nsc-ccs 2604/udp ospfd nsc-posa 2605/tcp bgpd # NSC POSA nsc-posa 2605/udp bgpd Start local management session with the routing daemon user $telnet localhost 2602 Trying ::1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. Hello, this is Quagga (version 0.99.22.4). Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al. User Access Verification Password: ripd> Using help Inspect the internal help , use the ? key ripd#? clear Reset functions configure Configuration from vty interface copy Copy configuration debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') disable Turn off privileged mode command echo Echo a message back to the vty end End current mode and change to enable mode. exit Exit current mode and down to previous mode help Description of the interactive help system list Print command list logmsg Send a message to enabled logging destinations no Negate a command or set its defaults quit Exit current mode and down to previous mode show Show running system information terminal Set terminal line parameters who Display who is on vty write Write running configuration to memory, network, or terminal See also iproute2 Static Routing External resources Official Quagga documentation