AMD64/FAQ/it

Questo articolo contiene le Frequently Asked Questions riguardanti Gentoo Linux/AMD64.

Introduction
This document contains the most commonly asked questions about using Gentoo Linux on AMD64 systems. Many of these questions come from the [//forums.gentoo.org/ forums], IRC, and various [//www.gentoo.org/main/en/lists.xml mailing lists]. The [//www.gentoo.org/proj/en/base/amd64/ Gentoo/AMD64 Project] provides support for Gentoo Linux on this architecture. If you have suggestions or questions about this FAQ, you are welcome to send an e-mail to.

Qual è la differenza tra AMD64 e EM64T?
Both refer to 64-bit processors, one from AMD (AMD64) and the other from Intel (EM64T). AMD's 64-bit processors include the Athlon 64, Turion, Neo, Phenom, and Opteron families. Intel's 64-bit processors include the Core 2, Core i X, Celeron, Xeon, and Pentium (all based on the Core 2 architecture). The [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/x86-64#Intel_64 last few versions] of the old Pentium 4 and Xeon chips also support EM64T.

The AMD line of 64-bit processors were released well ahead of Intel's offering. Therefore, for historical reasons, the arch keyword for all x86-64 compatible architectures in Gentoo is. As such, AMD64 is a generic reference to 64-bit chips, whether AMD or Intel.

What CFLAGS should I use?
You should use simple  to avoid future problems with your system. Supported  are   for both AMD and Intel (EM64T) systems.

What kernel should I use?
You can use almost all kernel sources available in Portage. We recommend using because it is a special kernel designed for Gentoo Linux. It contains lots of AMD64-specific patches and therefore is the only kernel officially supported by Gentoo/AMD64.

Assicurati di avere l'opzione  attiva nel kernel.

Will I have a performance upgrade if I use a 64-bit system instead of 32-bit?
That is a difficult question to answer. In some cases, you will experience a performance improvement, in other cases you will not. For everyday use, there is almost no difference between 64-bit and 32-bit. 64-bit is generally faster when it comes to floating point computing, which is normally the case in multimedia applications and 3D rendering. Linux.com's articles "64-bit performance in Gentoo Linux" and "64-bit Linux and BSD are maturing steadily" may interest you. There's also a nice thread, "Article: 64-bit performance in Gentoo Linux" in our forums.

Cosa è multilib e come si usa?
Every AMD64 processor is able to run 32-bit code as well as 64-bit code. However, when you have a 32-bit application, you are unable to mix it with 64-bit libraries or vice versa. You can, however, natively (without emulation) run 32-bit applications if all shared libraries it needs are available as 32-bit objects. You can choose whether you want multilib support or not by selecting the according profile. The default is a multilib-enabled profile.

How do I create a 32-bit chroot?
Please read the [//www.gentoo.org/proj/en/base/amd64/howtos/chroot.xml 32bit chroot guide].

Can I upgrade from my x86 system to AMD64 by doing ?
Due to several differences between (32-bit) and  (64-bit) installations, it is impossible to upgrade this way. Please perform a fresh install using the AMD64 Handbook.

Note that binary files created on an x86 system most likely cannot be read by packages on an AMD64 system. In particular, databases such as MySQL, innoDB, Berkeley DB, SQLite, OpenLDAP, etc. cannot simply be copied as-is. You will need to dump the database into an architecture-independent format, such as a text file, before attempting to restore it on an AMD64 system.

Posso usare Reiser4?
Reiser4 non è disponibile in nessuno dei kernel offerti dal progetto Kernel Gentoo, di conseguenza il team AMD64 non lo supporta. La risposta è no.

I driver binari NVIDIA/ATI funzioneranno?
Yes, NVIDIA and ATI provide drivers that work on AMD64. You can install them by executing emerge x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers or emerge x11-drivers/ati-drivers. If you have more questions about these drivers, you should read the nvidia-drivers guide or the ATI FAQ.

Come faccio a usare le funzioni Cool'n'Quiet/PowerNow/SpeedStep?
Bisogna compilare il kernel con il supporto a queste funzioni. Basta abilitarle come mostrato qui sotto:

Then emerge sys-power/cpufrequtils and edit with a preferred text editor.

Now you only have to run rc-update add cpufrequtils boot to make sure it is started every time the system boots.

Posso usare Adobe Flash?
Yes. Emerge. Be sure to read any messages displayed by the ebuild once it has been emerged.

Voglio installare il pacchetto foo, ma emerge restituisce: (masked by: ~amd64 keyword)
This means that the package is still in the 'testing' tree. Please read Portage's manual page ( man portage ) or the Mixing Software Branches chapter of the AMD64 Handbook for more information.

Voglio installare il pacchetto foo, ma emerge restituisce: (masked by: missing keyword)
This means that the package has not been tested yet. It does not necessarily mean that the package does not work. You can unmask it by accepting another architecture (or set of architectures) for the package. The following example shows you can tell Portage to accept the installation of the given package under any keyword.

Se funziona, faccelo sapere e inviaci un bug report sul Bugzilla di Gentoo, così che il team AMD64 possa inserire la giusta keyword e fare in modo che gli altri utenti possano beneficiare dei tuoi test.

Come posso aiutare?
Con la crescente popolarità dell'architettura AMD64, abbiamo bisogno di più aiuta. C'è ancora molto da fare per migliorare la qualità di Gentoo/AMD64. Un comune utente può contribuire nei seguenti modi:


 * Inviando bug report
 * Testando software che ancora non hanno la keyword
 * Partecipando al progetto Arch Testers
 * Aiutando a rispondere alle domande poste nelle mailing list, nei forum e nei canali IRC
 * Inviando patch

Dove posso ottenere aiuto o più informazioni riguardo Gentoo/AMD64?
If any of your questions wasn't answered here, you can try other resources listed on our project homepage. You can also ask us at  on , Gentoo/AMD64 Forums, or on the   mailing list.