Ebuild repository/ru

Within Gentoo Linux, users already have one "main" package repository. The main repository contains all the software packages (called ebuilds) maintained by Gentoo developers. Additional package trees are usually hosted by repositories. Users can add such additional repositories (traditionally known as overlays) to their system.

Репозитории
Package repositories are nothing more (or less) than a set of files (ebuilds, metadata files, ChangeLog entries ...). These can be pulled in from public repositories (git, CVS, SVN ...) or downloaded as tarballs and extracted manually onto the system. It is advised to use managed repositories by trusted third parties; any installed ebuild repository will cause Portage to look through the overlaid files when deciding which software to install. If compromised code is in the ebuild repository, then compromised packages could be installed on the system.

В настоящее время, по умолчанию работа с репозиториями осуществляется посредством. Как и в других случаях при работе с Portage, это может быть файл или каталог.

Определения репозиториев в также сообщают Portage, следует ли обновлять тот или иной репозиторий, и если следует, то каким образом. Все репозитории, которые следует обновлять, автоматически обновляются при вызове команды.

Устаревший и не рекомендуемый к использованию, но все еще поддерживаемый способ работы с репозиториями — посредством переменной PORTDIR_OVERLAY в файле. Эта переменная может указывать на одно или более мест в файловой системе, где расположены репозитории. Настоятельно рекомендуется использовать каталог.

Для более подробной информации ознакомьтесь с /etc/portage/repos.conf и статью Portage/Sync.

Приоритеты
Each ebuild repository has its unique priority. This makes sure that in the case of a specific version being found in several ebuild repositories, the resolution is unambiguous. Ebuilds from ebuild repositories with higher priority numbers (for example 60) take precedence over ebuilds from ebuild repositories with lower priorities (such as 50).

The list of ebuild repositories with their priorities can be obtained through the output of the following commands (look for the "Repositories" string):

The Gentoo repository will have a priority of -1000. That means that all other ebuild repositories generally take precedence as they are assigned a higher priority. That is the default behavior, because ebuild repositories are designed to "lay over/on top" of the Gentoo repository.

Доступное программное обеспечение
A number of tools support or integrate with ebuild repositories.

Layman
The application makes it easier to manage and update multiple additional ebuild repositories. It is a command-line application through which publicly available ebuild repositories can be listed, subscribed to and unsubscribed from, as well as update those repositories.

It supports both the as well as  method.
 * When using the method,  manages a dedicated configuration file which should be sourced in by
 * When using, manages the  file directly

Для более подробной информации ознакомьтесь с Layman и Project:Portage/Sync.

emaint
Смотрите статью Project:Portage/Sync и.

eix
— обертка, запускающая команду (которая в свою очередь запускает команду ) и затем. Подробнее читайте в статье Eix и в.

Установка пакета, имеющего дубликаты
When working with ebuild repositories it is possible to encounter a situation where multiple versions of the same package are available from different ebuild repositories. Instruct Portage to install a specific package from a specific ebuild repository with the  notation:

Создание кэша
When large ebuild repositories are installed, portage may take a long time to perform operations like dependency resolution. This is because ebuild repositories do not usually contain a metadata cache.

Generate a local metadata cache by running after syncing the ebuild repositories:

Be careful, because takes a lot of time and it's not recommended for rsync users as rsync updates the cache using server-side caches (most of users of portage are rsync users). Rsync users should simply run (or ) to regenerate the cache. It's probably only users of very large ebuild repositories should try.

Masking when using unsafe ebuild repositories
When using huge ebuild repositories or those with unknown/low quality it is best practice to hardmask the whole ebuild repository.

После этого размаскируйте пакеты, которые необходимо установить.

Смотрите также

 * Overlays project - The official Gentoo project for ebuild repositories' support.
 * Overlays guide (Overlay project) - A user guide written by the Overlay project.
 * Developer's guide to Gentoo overlays - This document is kept only for historical purposes. The current guide is maintained as Project:Overlays/Overlays guide.
 * Defining a custom repository - Section in the Gentoo Handbook

Внешние ресурсы

 * https://overlays.gentoo.org
 * https://github.com/gentoo/