GNOME/Guide/zh-cn

GNOME is a popular desktop environment. This guide tries to describe all aspects of GNOME, including installation, configuration, usage, and more!

项目
GNOME project 是一个免费的软件项目，它致力于GNOME的发展,Unix / Linux桌面套件和开发平台. GNOME Foundation 协调发展和GNOME项目的其他方面.

软件
GNOME桌面环境和开发平台. 这片自由软件的桌面选择几个行业领导者. 有趣的是同时针对业务用户、家庭用户和开发人员开发.

社区
Like with any big free software project, GNOME has an extensive user and development base. GNOME Planet is a popular blog aggregator for GNOME hackers and contributors whereas developer.gnome.org is for the GNOME developers. GNOME Library contains a huge list of GNOME resources for end users. The WOGUE is also a popular aggregator for GNOME-related news.

Prerequisites
Before the GNOME install process, first read and follow the instructions in the Xorg guide to setup a X environment. X is the standard base for all desktop environments in Linux.

Installation
Before installing GNOME, editing the system's USE variables is a good idea. Make sure that,  , and   are in the USE variable located in. It is recommended to enable support for D-Bus system-wide by adding  to the USE variable as well (D-Bus is a system message bus that GNOME uses extensively). If no KDE support is required, remove,   and   from USE. USE flags can be removed by adding a minus sign in front of them. See the example below for the minus sign used properly.

增加  ，USE flag提供了一个可爱的Gentoo的启动画面而不是默认的GNOME启动画面：

Once finished, begin the GNOME installation by emerging GNOME:

For a minimal GNOME installation install the package. This option provides a lightweight GNOME installation without pulling in the full GNOME desktop environment. Most people may need to install additional packages afterwards.

这将需要一段时间，所以你可能要开始阅读这些妈妈给你买的，但你却从来没有打开的书. 准备好了？很好，现在更新的环境变量：

接下来剩余的服务和用户组将被清除.

Verify the  group exists. If it does, it is advisable to make each GNOME user member of that group, but step this is optional (the group is not common anymore).

取代  在接下来的命令与每一个GNOME用户的用户名:

第一印象
现在是时候看看什么是刚刚构建的. 退出root 终端并以普通用户身份登录. 下一步骤是配置会话管理器，使用GNOME 命令来调用(请看using startx 在Xorg guide的更多信息).

Starting with gnome-base/gnome-session-2.26.2, users will need to prepend the XDG_MENU_PREFIX variable to get the GNOME menus when using the method to start the desktop. If is not being used it will be handled automatically; no additional configuration is needed.

现在开始运行安装的图形环境:

如果一切顺利GNOME，我们高兴的问候您. 祝贺你成功设置GNOME!

你可以进一步配置GNOME. 请看这篇文章 GNOME/Guide 获取额外的定制信息.

Unmerge
A possible way to completely remove a GNOME installation is by explicitly uninstalling the package, then cleaning the dependencies of that package.

In order to do this sanely make sure the main Portage repository has been synced:

Next, run a world update so that the system is fully up-to-date:

Unmerge the GNOME base package:

Finally, depclean the system:

GNOME should now be removed.

Oh no something has gone wrong
One source of this error can be the permissions for the video device. When logging in fails and a message appears that says "Oh no, something has gone wrong", then try to become a member of the group. Add your user to the video group with like so:

Extended customization in GNOME 3
For extra configuration options in GNOME 3 install the package. The tweak tool allows customization at a deeper level than the standard Settings frame.

Widgets in GNOME 3
By default in Gentoo Gnome 3 does not widgets. For users who wish to obtain widget functionality a separate package is available:

After the Shell Extensions are installed, can be used to control defaults on a global level:

另请参阅

 * The GDM article describes how to setup the GNOME Display Manager to automatically boot into a graphical environment (rather than starting a GNOME session through ).

外部资源

 * https://plus.google.com/+WorldofGnomeOrg - The World of GNOME Google+ page.


 * https://github.com/dantrell/gentoo-project-gnome-without-systemd - 安装GNOME，但不依赖 Systemd