MATE

MATE is a fork of GNOME 2 by The MATE team, which is available in the Portage tree; according to their manifesto they aim to keep a traditional desktop, maintain an open development model, have an open relationship with GNU/Linux distributions and also serve as a good alternative for lower end hardware.

Keywording
Note that MATE is yet to be keyworded on ~x86, and maybe on ~arm too. It is currently keyworded as ~amd64 only (that is what has been fully tested so far).

USE flags
First enable and/or disable the USE flags you want for mate-base/mate.

Emerge MATE
Then, to install the MATE desktop environment, you can run the following command:

If you run a stable system, add the entries listed here to /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords to accept the testing keywords.

Usage
You can either use a display manager (SLiM, GDM, LightDM, ...) or start it manually using startx.

Display manager
To make the display manager work, you'll need to specify in the configuration of the display manager that you want to start the MATE session (mate-session); some allow you to do this interactively, for others you will need to do this in the configuration of the display manager. The default session can also often be changed by setting XSESSION="Mate" in.

Manual start
To start it manually, you need to create ~/.xinitrc and make it contents as follows:

Note that you might need to put ck-launch-session and/or dbus-launch between exec mate-session for ConsoleKit and/or DBUS communication to work, for example:

Does MATE rely on a specific service manager or init system?
No, MATE has been tested to work with both OpenRC and systemd and might work on other service managers and init systems too (untested, but no known reason for it to break); systemd support was added in release 1.6.

Can MATE be installed side-by-side GNOME packages or do they block?
As the MATE packages use their own categories, it is possible to have MATE and GNOME 3 installed at the same time which allows you to test either; taking it even a step further, if you change MATE to not have a top panel (as it gets hidden under the GNOME 3 shell) you can even start mate-session within GNOME 3 and run MATE and GNOME 3 at the same time.

GLib-GObject-ERROR: object GsmAutostartApp 0x73ca40 finalized while still in-construction
When you get this error (see ~/.materc-errors), it is usually preceded by a warning, fixing the warning could fix the problem; for example, when I get to see:

mate-session[881]: WARNING: Could not parse desktop file /home/username/.config/autostart/some-naughty-broken-program.desktop: Key file does not have key 'Name' mate-session[881]: GLib-GObject-ERROR: object GsmAutostartApp 0x73ca40 finalized while still in-construction

In this case, you can resolve this by moving away the desktop file or fixing it up by adding the Name key. If you want a clean start, you can move those files out of the way by backing them up: