Apache/de

The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient, extensible web server. It is one of the most popular web servers used the Internet.

Emerge
As of 2016-01-08, Apache 2.4 is marked as testing. To install Apache 2.4, you'll need to make the following package.accept_keywords modifications.

If you want to use the Apache event MPM, then add the following to make.conf:

If you want to use the Apache worker MPM, then add the following to make.conf:

And, enable the Apache threads USE flag:

Then emerge Apache:

Global support
Enabling the  global USE flag provides support for Apache in other packages. This may cause to be installed automatically if a package depending on Apache has been emerged.

After configuring USE variables, update the system so the changes take effect:

Files
There are two main files that configure Apache2's behavior on the system:


 * Gentoo's Apache2 init script configuration file


 * Apache2 server's conventional configuration file

The file located in  is Gentoo's init script configuration file. The only active line in this file is the APACHE2_OPTS variable line:

This line defines options that will be interpreted by the various configuration files using the  statement to activate or deactivate some part of the whole configuration. This will be returned to later in the article.

The file is Apache server's conventional configuration file. In fact this file is only an entry point for configuration. The whole configuration is split in many files in the directory, that are assembled together using the   directive. For example, the statement, in , aims at including all the files in  which name ends with.

Taking into account what has been said in the subsection above, and as module configuration files (files in ) almost always start with the, the content of one file inside , will ONLY be assembled with the rest of the configuration, if the matching option is set using a   flag in the APACHE2_OPTS variable in the  file. The configuration file is an exception to this rule as it doesn't start with an   statement and therefore is always included in the resulting configuration.

Defaults
After a fresh install of an Apache server, the configuration resulting from the assemblage of the different configuration files is as follows. Start with the entry point.

Das erste Lebenszeichen
As visible in the initial configuration above, the pre-installed virtual host's   directory is, its server name is localhost. In addition an index.html file is provided in the  directory, thus to check whether everything is correctly installed or not, point a browser to http://localhost/.

An "It works!" message should be printed on the page.

Enabling mod_security
Install :

Enable the  module in the  file's APACHE2_OPTS variable:

Control this module by editing and  files, then restart Apache.

PHP Unterstützung aktivieren
Install PHP with the  USE flag and enable the module:

Vor dem Test ob das PHP Modul funktioniert, prüfen Sie dass die Datei existiert und die folgende Definition enthält:

If it does not exist create it.

To verify the PHP module works, create a test page:

Now, suppress or rename and open the test page:

A table describing the PHP settings should be visible.

Modify PHP versions
To change the version of PHP handled by Apache, first list the available versions for the  Server Application Programming Interface (SAPI):

Change it to the version of choice:

Substitute  in the example above to the requested number in the output of eselect php list apache2 as displayed earlier on.

Virtual hosts
For each virtual host, provide a  directory that is reachable and accessible by the Apache daemon. Add a virtual host configuration file in the  directory which uses this   and the virtual host server name. Do not forget to add an entry for this domain name in.

To assign the apache user/group ownership on the virtual host files, use like in the following example:

Es folgen zwei Beispiel-Definitionen für Virtuelle Hosts. Eine für domainname1.com und eine weitere für domainname2.com. Beachten Sie die unterschiedlichen  und   Anweisungen, auch wenn der Host selbst  der gleiche bleibt:

Es wird empfohlen, ebenfalls eine IP-basierte Virtuelle Host Definition anzubieten. Dies ermöglicht es dem Administrator eine Nachricht für Benutzer aufzusetzen, die versuchen eine Website durch ihre IP-Adresse zu erreichen:

Nach dem Einfügen Virtueller Hosts muss der Server neu gestartet werden, damit die neuen Seiten aktiv werden.

PHP aktivieren durch fcgid
Install and. The PHP package requires  to be set as a USE flag:

Bearbeiten Sie die Datei :

Erstellen Sie das benötigte Verzeichnis:

Erstellen Sie für den PHP-Wrapper einen symbolischen Link:

Enable the  module:

Starten Sie abschließend den Apache Server neu und überprüfen Sie die zuvor erzeugte  Seite. Der Wert von  sollte CGI/FastCGI sein.

PHP-FPM durch mod_proxy_fcgi in Apache 2.4 aktivieren
Mit PHP 5.3 und höher unterstützt PHP den zusätzlicher Modus FastCGI Process Manager oder FPM.

Furthermore, there are a few restrictions on the availability of functionality within Apache 2.4:
 * >= Apache 2.4.9, if you want to communicate with PHP-FPM over UNIX sockets
 * >= Apache 2.4.10, if you want to use SetHandler instead of ProxyPassMatch.

The following configuration will only work with Apache 2.4.10 and newer. It relies on the  directive and be placed within the main server config or. The location of the UNIX socket is determined by the  directive in the, allowing for specifying separate pools per site or function.

In the following example, it is placed within the PHP module config file of Apache:

By default the  directive is not set to a socket. First create the directory for the socket file:

Next, update the file as follows:

Then enable both the  and   modules:

OpenRC
Start the Apache server:

Add Apache to the default runlevel:

Restart the Apache service:

Reload Apache configuration files:

systemd
Start the Apache server:

Add Apache to the default runlevel:

Restart the Apache service:

Resources
The Apache server can be difficult to configure properly. Below are some resources that may be helpful when issues occur:


 * Troubleshooting guide

Testing
Verifying IP interfaces and ports on which Apache2 is running on and listening to:

Testing if a connection to a Apache server is working on localhost:

Interrupt the connection test with + and.

apr_sockaddr_info_get failed for 
Error:

apache2: apr_sockaddr_info_get failed for System_Hostname

Resolution:

When this occurs, add the host name to the file:

Siehe auch

 * Lighttpd - A fast, lightweight web server.
 * Nginx - A small, robust, and high-performance HTTP server and reverse proxy.

Weblinks

 * Slicehost article: Installing Apache on Gentoo
 * Slicehost article: Apache configuration files on Gentoo
 * Slicehost article: Configuring the Apache MPM on Gentoo
 * Slicehost article: Apache configuration on Gentoo
 * Slicehost article: Apache Virtual Hosts on Gentoo
 * Slicehost article: Enabling and using apache's mod_status on Gentoo
 * apache.org documentation
 * Apache2 mod_pagespeed