GNOME/Guide/zh-cn

GNOME是一个受欢迎的desktop environment. 本指南试图描述GNOME的各个方面，包括安装，配置，使用等等！

Since version 3.30, GNOME on Gentoo is able to once again run on OpenRC. See 's blog post for more detail.

项目
GNOME project 是一个免费的软件项目，它致力于GNOME的发展,Unix / Linux桌面套件和开发平台. GNOME Foundation 协调发展和GNOME项目的其他方面.

软件
GNOME桌面环境和开发平台. 这片自由软件的桌面选择几个行业领导者. 有趣的是同时针对业务用户、家庭用户和开发人员开发.

社区
像任何大的自由软件项目,GNOME有着广泛的用户和开发基地. GNOME Planet 是一个受GNOME黑客和贡献者欢迎的博客汇聚，而 developer.gnome.org is for the GNOME developers. GNOME Library 包含一个巨大的GNOME终端用户资源列表. WOGUE 也是一个受欢迎的GNOME-related新闻汇聚，

准备
Historically speaking, the Xorg display server was the standard display base for all desktop environments on Linux. With GNOME 3 and beyond, a shift to the Wayland, a newer display server protocol, has begun. Systems other than NVIDIA will have no problem running GNOME sessions over Wayland.

That said, as a general fall back, it is a good idea to first read and follow the instructions in the Xorg guide to setup a X environment.

According to GNOME upstream, GNOME 3 is written with the systemd init system in mind. Because of this, it is a good idea for systemd users to read and comply with all necessary kernel settings from the systemd article.

安装
在安装之前GNOME,编辑系统的USE是一个好主意. 确保, ，和   USE位于的变量. If support for  增加他到 USE flags (dbus是 Gnome 广泛使用的系统消息总线)，如果不需要 KDE支持， 移除USE 配置中的  和   ， USE 变量可以添加一个负号  在他们前面. 看下面的例子，这是正确使用减号的方法.

OpenRC users using logind can select this profile:

systemd users will want to select the following profile:

Make sure that,  , and   are in the USE variable located in. It is recommended to enable support for D-Bus system-wide. systemd includes this system message bus. Add  to the USE variable as well (D-Bus is a system message bus that GNOME uses extensively). If no KDE support is required, remove  and   from USE. USE flags can be removed by adding a minus sign in front of them. See the example below for the minus sign used properly.

一旦完成,就由emerge GNOME来安装GNOME：

“最小化”GNOME安装,，该选项提供了一个轻量级的GNOME安装没有额外的工具,但是安装一个完整的GNOME，它提供了所有你可能需要的额外的软件包.

这将需要一段时间，所以你可能要开始阅读这些妈妈给你买的，但你却从来没有打开的书. 准备好了？很好，现在更新的环境变量：

接下来剩余的服务和用户组将被清除.

验证 组存在与否. 如果存在,建议让每一个GNOME用户组的成员,都加入这个组，但这一步是可选的(该组是不常见的).

取代  在接下来的命令与每一个GNOME用户的用户名:

第一印象
现在是时候看看什么是刚刚构建的. 退出root 终端并以普通用户身份登录. 下一步骤是配置会话管理器，使用GNOME 命令来调用(请看using startx 在Xorg guide的更多信息).

Systemd
To start GDM upon boot:

To start GDM immediately, run:

Another suggestion is to activate Network Manager, in case no other network managing service is activated.

Using startx
Exit the root shell and log in as a regular user. The next step is to configure the session manager to run GNOME when the the command is invoked (see using startx in the Xorg guide for more information).

要安装 gnome-base/gnome-session-2.26.2, 用户需要先考虑 变量在使用GNOME菜单 方法启动桌面 If 不被使用它会自动处理;无需额外的配置.

现在开始运行安装的图形环境:

如果一切顺利GNOME，我们高兴的问候您. 祝贺你成功设置GNOME!

Tweaking GNOME
For extra configuration options in GNOME 3 install the package. The tweak tool allows customization at a deeper level than the standard Settings frame.

Widgets in GNOME 3
By default on Gentoo GNOME 3 does not support widgets. For users who wish to obtain widget functionality a separate package is available:

After the shell extensions are installed, can be used to control defaults on a global level:

Enable click-to-install Shell Extensions through the web browser
For web browsers such as Google Chrome, Chromium, and Vivaldi be sure to get the required browser add-on through the Chrome store: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep

Firefox users can get it here: https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/gnome-shell-integration/

Opera users will have to snag it here: https://addons.opera.com/extensions/details/gnome-shell-integration/

After the add-on has been installed for the browser of choice, a backend must also be emerged:

It should now be possible to install, manage, and uninstall shell extensions at https://extensions.gnome.org/

If things are not working as expected check the upstream installation instructions for news.

Non-root user authentication for dialogs
Certain GNOME dialogs such as Printers, adding wireless networks, and Users require administrator authentication. This is handled through and operates independently from. By default in Gentoo, the root account is the only administrator, and so even if a user account can run root commands through, authentication in these GNOME dialogs will fail.

If you would like all users of the group to be administrators, create a copy of  starting with a number lower than 50, and edit the line  to the following:

The Polkit wiki page provides more details on rules configuration.

GNOME Hotspot
In order for gnome-hotspot to work, your wireless card must support AP (access point) infrastructure mode. The following package USE flags are also needed:

In addition, the following kernel options are necessary:

Unmerge
A possible way to completely remove a GNOME installation is by explicitly uninstalling the package, then cleaning the dependencies of that package.

In order to do this sanely make sure the main ebuild repository has been synced:

Next, run a world update so that the system is fully up-to-date:

Unmerge the GNOME base package:

Finally, depclean the system:

GNOME should now be removed.

Login failure with message "Oh no something has gone wrong"
One source of this error can be the permissions for the video device. When logging in fails and a message appears that says "Oh no, something has gone wrong", then try to become a member of the group. Add the user to the video group with like so:

GNOME on Wayland session is not launching with NVIDIA
Attempting to launch GNOME on Wayland sessions is a known issue. Unfortunately the NVIDIA binary blob drivers are not presently compatible with Wayland. Systems that simply have the NVIDIA binary blob driver installed, but are not using it can see this workaround.

外部资源

 * https://github.com/dantrell/gentoo-project-gnome-without-systemd - 安装GNOME，但不依赖 Systemd