GNOME/Guide/fr

A frequently used desktop environment is GNOME. This guide tries to describe all aspects of GNOME, including installation, configuration, usage, and more!

The project
The GNOME project is a free software project dedicated to the development of GNOME, a Unix/Linux desktop suite and development platform. The GNOME Foundation coordinates the development and other aspects of the GNOME Project.

The software
Le logiciel gnome est un environnement de bureau et une plateforme de développement. Ce logiciel libre est l'environnement de bureau préféré de plusieurs leaders de l'industrie. Il s'adresse tout autant aux entreprises, à Monsieur tout le monde et aux développeurs.

The community
Comme tous les gros projets de logiciel, gnome dispose d'une large base de développement et d'utilisation. GnomePlanet est un blog populaire qui intéresse les hackers de gnome et les contributeurs tandis que Developer.Gnome.Org s'adresse aux développeurs de gnome. La bibliothèque gnome (Gnome Library) contient une importante liste de ressources pour gnome pour les utilisateurs. Le World of gnome (monde de gnome) agrège les nouvelles concernant gnome.

Prerequisites
Before the GNOME install process, first read and follow the instructions in the Xorg guide to setup a X environment. X is the standard base for all desktop environments in Linux.

Installation
Before installing GNOME, editing the system's USE variables is a good idea. Make sure that,  , and   are in the USE variable located in. If support for  add it to the USE flags (dbus is a system message bus GNOME uses extensively). If no KDE support is required, remove  and   from USE. USE flags can be removed by adding a minus sign in front of them. See the example below for the minus sign used properly.

Si vous désiez un joli écran d'attente marqué Gentoo au lieu de l'écran d'attent de gnome, ajoutez l'option   à votre variable USE :

Once finished, begin the GNOME installation by emerging GNOME:

For a minimal GNOME installation install the package. This option provides a lightweight GNOME installation without pulling in the full GNOME desktop environment. Most people may need to install additional packages afterwards.

Ceci prend un certain temps, alors, si vous n'avez pas encore eu le temps de lire le dernier bouquin que vous avez reçu pour votre anniversaire, c'est le moment d'en profiter ! ... Super ! Maintenant mettez votre environnement à jour :

Vous pouvez maintenant nettoyer les services résiduels et les groupes d'utilisateurs.

Verify the  group exists. If it does, it is advisable to make each GNOME user member of that group, but step this is optional (the group is not common anymore).

Substitute  in the next command with each GNOME user's user name:

First impressions
It is time to take a look at what was just built. Exit the root shell and log in as a regular user. The next step is to configure the session manager to run GNOME when the the command is invoked (see using startx in the Xorg guide for more information).

Starting with gnome-base/gnome-session-2.26.2, users will need to prepend the XDG_MENU_PREFIX variable to get the GNOME menus when using the method to start the desktop. If is not being used it will be handled automatically; no additional configuration is needed.

Now start the graphical environment by issuing :

Si tout s'est bien passé, vous devriez être accueilli par un mot de félicitations de gnome. Maintenant voyons comment configurer gnome pour qu'il réponde à vos besoins.

It is possible to configure GNOME further. Take a look at the articles listed in GNOME/Guide for additional customization information.

Unmerge
A possible way to completely remove a GNOME installation is by explicitly uninstalling the package, then cleaning the dependencies of that package.

In order to do this sanely make sure the main Portage repository has been synced:

Next, run a world update so that the system is fully up-to-date:

Unmerge the GNOME base package:

Finally, depclean the system:

GNOME should now be removed.

Oh no something has gone wrong
One source of this error can be the permissions for the video device. When logging in fails and a message appears that says "Oh no, something has gone wrong", then try to become a member of the group. Add your user to the video group with like so:

Extended customization in GNOME 3
For extra configuration options in GNOME 3 install the package. The tweak tool allows customization at a deeper level than the standard Settings frame.

Widgets in GNOME 3
By default in Gentoo Gnome 3 does not widgets. For users who wish to obtain widget functionality a separate package is available:

After the Shell Extensions are installed, can be used to control defaults on a global level:

= Plus d'information =


 * The GDM article describes how to setup the GNOME Display Manager to automatically boot into a graphical environment (rather than starting a GNOME session through ).

External resources

 * https://plus.google.com/+WorldofGnomeOrg - The World of GNOME Google+ page.


 * https://github.com/dantrell/gentoo-project-gnome-without-systemd - GNOME without Systemd