Xorg/Hardware 3D acceleration guide/zh-cn

This document is Article description::a guide to getting 3D acceleration working using the DRM with Xorg in Gentoo.

什么是硬件 3D 加速，我为什么需要它？
With hardware 3D acceleration, three-dimensional rendering uses the graphics processor on the video card instead of taking up valuable CPU resources drawing 3D images. It's also referred to as "hardware acceleration" instead of "software acceleration" because without this 3D acceleration the CPU is forced to draw everything itself using the Mesa software rendering libraries, which takes up quite a bit of processing power.

While Xorg typically supports 2D hardware acceleration, it often lacks hardware 3D acceleration. Three-dimensional hardware acceleration is valuable in situations requiring rendering of 3D objects such as games, 3D CAD, and modeling.

获得 3D 加速
In many cases, both binary and open-source drivers exist. Open source drivers are preferable since we're using Linux and open source is one of its underlying principles. Sometimes, binary drivers are the only option, especially if the graphics card is so new that open source drivers have not yet been written to support its features. Binary drivers include for NVIDIA cards and  (used to be ) for older AMD/ATI cards,  for newer AMD cards.

什么是 DRI
The Direct Rendering Infrastructure, also known as the DRI, is a framework for allowing direct access to graphics hardware in a safe and efficient manner. It includes changes to the Xorg server, to several client libraries and to the kernel. The first major use for the DRI is to create fast implementations.

What is the DRM and how does it relate to regular Xorg?
The DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is an enhancement to Xorg that adds 3D acceleration for cards by adding the kernel module necessary for direct rendering.

目的
本指南适用于无法仅使用 Xorg 进行直接渲染的人员. DRM 适用于以下驱动程序：


 * 3dfx
 * amdgpu
 * amdgpu-pro (闭源)
 * fglrx (闭源; 已废弃)
 * intel
 * matrox
 * nouveau
 * nvidia-drivers (闭源)
 * rage128
 * radeon
 * radeonhd (已废弃)
 * mach64
 * sis300
 * via

有关更多信息和文档，请参阅 主页.

安装 Xorg
Please read our to get Xorg up and running.

配置内核
Probe for the specifics of the relevant hardware.

The output may not match the above due to different hardware, whatever is returned will help inform the user as to what kernel options to consider.

Certain kernel options will be required, others may cause problems. Hardware specific resources concerning which kernel option for which hardware exist within this wiki and elsewhere.

It is possible however unlikely that the given command returns nothing at all. In this case, the whole output of would be a good bit of information to review and/or to pass along when seeking help. In the given example, where the chipset is an AGP chipset, but a different one unsupported by the kernel, some success may be obtained by passing  as a kernel parameter. This will use Intel's generic routines for AGP support. To add this parameter, edit the bootloader's configuration file. Again, required kernel config options and available bootloader parameters will vary based on hardware specifics.

Before proceeding to change any kernel options, if necessary, make sure links to the intended kernel:

确保 链接到当前内核：

或者

Most, if not all, kernels should have these options set. In any case, options labeled  are compiled as modules and loaded-as-necessary, thus being very unlikely to break anything if not required.

This was configured using a standard kernel.

编译并安装内核
不要忘记设置 或.

使用 LILO 时，执行：

使用 GRUB 2 时，运行：

将合适的用户添加到视频组
接下来，将合适的用户添加到视频组：

配置 Xorg
Hopefully just adding the appropriate user to the  group is sufficient to enable direct rendering. However, Xorg may need some additional configuration via the directory. New configuration files created in this directory may be named any alpha-numeric file name, as long as the file suffix ends in. Open up a favorite text editor and create a file with this inside it:

将  替换为相应驱动程序的名称.

更改至自动模块加载
You will need to add the module name that your card uses to to ensure that the module is loaded automatically when the system starts up.

重新启动到新内核
Reboot your computer to your new kernel and login as a normal user. It's time to see if you have direct rendering and how good it is. and  are part of the  package, so make sure it is installed before you attempt to run these commands.

No need to load modules for your driver or agpgart, even if you compiled them as a module. They will be loaded automatically.

If it outputs "No", you don't have 3D acceleration.

Test your frames per second (FPS) at the default size. The number should be significantly higher than before configuring DRM. Do this while the CPU is as idle as possible.

Get the most out of direct rendering
If you want to set more features, for performance or other reasons, check out the feature matrix on the DRI web site or the features listing on Sourceforge.

渲染问题
Try  before you start the X server (replace   with the name of your driver). Also, try building agpgart into the kernel instead of as a module.

Failed to load kernel module agpgart when running startx
error: "[drm] failed to load kernel module agpgart" after invoking is caused by presents of compiled agpgart in the kernel instead of as a module. Ignore it unless you're having problems.

TV-Out on Radeon GPU
The drivers originally developed by the GATOS project have been merged into Xorg's codebase. You don't need anything special for TV-Out; will work just fine.

Compatibility for freshly released GPUs
Try out the binary drivers. For AMD cards, use. If those don't support it, use. It's slow, but it works.

PCI 卡不能正常工作
Create a config file in ; name it anything you want as long as it ends in. Add the following to it:

外部资源

 * Direct rendering (DRI) using X11-DRM HOWTO on the Gentoo forums
 * Radeon 7000-9700 DRI CVS Install Guide on the Gentoo forums
 * https://dri.freedesktop.org/