Handbook:Parts/Installation/Media/zh-cn

硬件需求
在开始之前，我们先列出能在主机成功安装Gentoo所需要的硬件需求：.

最小化安装CD
Gentoo最小化安装CD是一张包含有完整Gentoo环境的可引导CD. 它允许用户从CD引导进入Linux. 在引导过程中将检测硬件并加载适当的驱动. 这张CD由Gentoo开发人员维护，能让任何有Internet连接的人来安装Gentoo.

最小化安装CD叫做.

偶尔用到的Gentoo LiveDVD
有时候需要用一张由Gentoo Ten项目特制的DVD来安装Gentoo. 接下来的介绍是针对最小化安装CD的，因此可能会有一点不同. 不管怎么样，LiveDVD（或任何其他可引导的Linux环境）支持通过在终端调用 或者 或者一个root提示符.

stage又是什么？
stage3的tar包是一个包含有最小Gentoo环境的存档，可用来按照本手册介绍继续安装Gentoo. 以前G的entoo手册描述了使用三个stage的tar包来进行安装. 现在Gentoo仍然提供stage1和stage2的tar包，但是官方安装方法只使用stage3的tar包. 如果你对使用stage1或stage2的tar包安装Gentoo感兴趣，请在Gentoo FAQ上阅读如何使用stage1或stage2的tar包来安装Gentoo?

stage3的tar包不在安装CD中提供，但可以在任意一个Gentoo官方镜像站的路径中下载.

下载媒介
Gentoo Linux使用最小化安装CD做为默认安装媒介，它是一个带有用来安装Gentoo Linux工具的可引导的非常小的Gentoo Linux环境. CD镜像可以从任意一个镜像站下载.

在这些镜像站上，最小化安装CD可以通过以下方式找到：
 * 1) 到目录
 * 2) 选择正确的架构，比如
 * 3) 选择目录
 * 4) 选择目录

在这个位置，安装CD文件带有扩展名. 比如下面的清单：

In the above example, the file is the minimal installation CD itself. But as can be seen, other related files exist as well:
 * A file which is a text file listing all files available on the installation CD. This file can be useful to verify if particular firmware or drivers are available on the installation CD before downloading it.
 * A file which contains the hash of the ISO file itself, in various hashing formats/algorithms. This file can be used to verify if the downloaded ISO file is corrupt or not.
 * A file which not only contains the hash of the ISO file (like the  file), but also a cryptographic signature of that file. This can be used to both verify if the downloaded ISO file is corrupt or not, as well as verify that the download is indeed provided by the Gentoo Release Engineering team and has not been tampered with.

Ignore the other files available at this location for now - those will come back when the installation has proceeded further. Download the file and, if verification of the download is wanted, download the   file for the ISO file as well. The file does not need to be downloaded as the installation instructions will not refer to this file anymore, and the  file should contain the same information as the  file, except that the latter also contains a signature on top of it.

校验下载的文件
Through the and  files, the validity of the ISO file can be confirmed using the right set of tools. 这个验证通常是要在两个步骤:
 * 首先,加密签名验证来确保提供的安装文件是Gentoo官方版本
 * 1) 如果加密签名验证,校验和验证都没有问题，接下来确保下载的文件本身没有损坏

在Microsoft Windows验证
在Microsoft Windows系统上,使用正确的工具来验证校验和和加密签名.

首先验证加密签名,工具等可使用：GPG4Win 安装之后可能需要来自Gentoo发行团队的公钥来验证. 下面是公钥列表： signatures page. 一但完成，用户可以验证 文件.

The checksum itself can be verified using the Hashcalc application, although many others exist as well. Most of the time, these tools will show the user the calculated checksum, and the user is requested to verify this checksum with the value that is inside the file.

基于Linux的验证
在Linux系统上,最常见的方法验证加密签名是使用这个软件. 安装了这个程序,就可以使用以下命令来验证加密签名的文件：.

首先确保下载的秘钥是可用的：signatures page:

下一个验证加密签名的文件：.

确定所有文件都是绝对安全有效的，验证或显示指纹：Gentoo signatures page.

下验证校验和与加密签名确认,以确保下载ISO文件没有损坏. 文件：包含多个哈希算法,所以验证正确的的方法之一是先看看校验和注册在文件：. 例如,获取SHA512校验和:

在上面的输出中,两个SHA512校验和显示-一个用于文件： ,一个用于文件：. 只有第一个校验和有用，因为它需要与如下产生的计算SHA512校验进行比较：

如果校验和匹配,那么表明文件没有损坏,我们可以继续安装.

刻录光盘
当然,在一个ISO文件下载之后, Gentoo Linux不能马上开始安装. 这个ISO文件需要烧录然后被引导进行安装, 在这样一种方式,其“内涵”烧录的是CD,而不仅仅是ISO文件本身. 下面介绍一些常见的方式 - 可以找到其他更复杂的方式说明：Our FAQ on burning an ISO file.

在 Microsoft Windows 上烧录
在Microsoft Windows上,有许多工具支持烧录ISO CD.


 * 使用EasyCD Creator,选择“文件”,“从光盘镜像烧录CD”. 然后改变“文件类型”“ISO镜像文件”. 然后找到ISO文件,单击“打开”. 后点击“开始刻录”ISO镜像将被正确刻录到CD - R光盘上.
 * 使用Nero Burning ROM,取消向导会自动弹出,并选择从“文件”菜单中“烧钱”的形象. 选择镜像烧录并单击“打开”. 现在点击“烧录”按钮,进行烧录.

在 Linux 系统上烧录
在Linux系统上, ISO 文件可以烧录到 CD上， 通过  命令, 它是 包的一部分.

例如,燃烧在CD的ISO文件设备  (这是系统上的默认的CD刻录设备-请在必要时替换正确的设备文件):

Users that prefer a graphical user interface can use K3B, part of the package. In K3B, go to Tools and use Burn CD Image. Then follow the instructions provided by K3B.

Extra hardware configuration
When the Installation CD boots, it tries to detect all the hardware devices and loads the appropriate kernel modules to support the hardware. In the vast majority of cases, it does a very good job. However, in some cases it may not auto-load the kernel modules needed by the system. If the PCI auto-detection missed some of the system's hardware, the appropriate kernel modules have to be loaded manually.

In the next example the 8139too module (which supports certain kinds of network interfaces) is loaded:

Optional: User accounts
If other people need access to the installation environment, or there is need to run commands as a non-root user on the installation CD (such as to chat using  without root privileges for security reasons), then an additional user account needs to be created and the root password set to a strong password.

To change the root password, use the passwd utility:

To create a user account, first enter their credentials, followed by the account's password. The  and   commands are used for these tasks.

In the next example, a user called john is created:

To switch from the (current) root user to the newly created user account, use the  command:

Optional: Viewing documentation while installing
To view the Gentoo handbook during the installation, first create a user account as described above. Then press +  to go to a new terminal.

During the installation, the  command can be used to browse the Gentoo handbook - of course only from the moment that the Internet connection is working.

To go back to the original terminal, press +.

Optional: Starting the SSH daemon
To allow other users to access the system during the installation (perhaps to support during an installation, or even do it remotely), a user account needs to be created (as was documented earlier on) and the SSH daemon needs to be started.

To fire up the SSH daemon, execute the following command:

To be able to use sshd, the network needs to function properly. Continue with the chapter on Configuring the network.