Fluxbox/ko

X11용 플럭스박스 창 관리자 설치 방법을 알려드릴 설명서입니다.

플럭스박스 창 관리자 소개
리눅스 데스크톱 모델에 익숙하지 않은 사용자를 위해 다른 그래픽 프로그램을 관리하려 X11에서 실행하는 창 관리자라는 프로그램이 있습니다. 창 관리자는 어디에 각각의 창을 두고 크기는 어떻게 할 것이며, 이 창에 어떤 데스크톱에서 접근할 건지를 관리합니다. 각각의 창 관리자에 따라 사용자가 지정한 규칙 모음을 통해 자동으로 처리하거나 키보드 단축키나 마우스를 통해 실시간으로 처리할 수 있습니다.

그런데 어떤 창 관리자는 창 관리 그 이상의 기능을 가지고 있기도 합니다. 플럭스박스는 slit을 통해 프로그램을 실행하고, 단축키, 배경 그림을 설정하며, 이에 따른 표시 정보를 제공합니다. 그놈은 메타시티를 기본 창 관리자로 하지만 이러한 기능을 포함하고 있지는 않으며, 대신 다른 그놈 프로그램을 통해 이런 역할을 수행합니다. 따라서, 사실대로 말하자면 플럭스박스가 가벼운 창 관리자라고 말할 수는 없습니다. 그러나 플럭스 박스는 기본 데스크톱에 필요한 모든것을 갖추었기에, 많은 사용자들이 GNOME이나 KDE 대신 이걸 사용하기도 합니다.

그런데 이런 사실을 더욱 혼동되게 만드는건, 플럭스박스가 그놈이나 KDE를 대체할 수 있는 기본 창 관리자라는 것입니다. 예컨대, 어떤 사람은 그놈의 창 관리자인 메타시티를 찾지만, 그 가람들이 원하는 유연성은 없는데, 플럭스박스에는 모든 프로그램을 내장하지 않고, 완벽한 데스크톱 환경에 원하는 기능을 통합했습니다. 따라서 어떤 사람은 그놈을 사용할 수 있고 어떤 사람은 창을 관리하는데 플럭스박스를 쓸 수 있는 것입니다. 이런 기능 조합을 중복하는 설치 과정으로 인해 약간의 문제가 있음을 참고하십시오.

플럭스박스는 서드파티 프로그램으로 확장할 수 있습니다. 이런 방식은 종종 하드웨어 자원이 제한된 상황이거나 개인적인 취향의 이유로 이상적입니다.

이 안내서는 플럭스박스를 처음 접하고 두려워 하는 사용자, 또는 젠투/플럭스박스 경험 그 이상의 것을 바라는 사용자를 대상으로 합니다. 이 안내서는 또한 (아직 조금은 선택의 여지로 남겨둔) 플럭스박스에서 잘 동작하는 서드파티 프로그램을 사용하여 어떻게 더 많은 기능을 끌어올 수 있는지 설명합니다.

기반 설치
먼저, X 서버 설정하기에서와 같이 동작중인 X 환경을 설치했는지 확인하십시오.

플럭스박스를 설치하기 전에 몇가지 존재하는 USE 플래그를 살펴보는 것이 좋겠습니다.

과  환경의 호환성을 플럭스박스에 부여하기 위해 USE 플래그를 주었지만, 이 글의 저자의 경험에 따르면 USE 플래그는 필요치 않습니다. qt, gtk+ 또는 다른 KDE/그놈 유틸리티를 원한다면 마음대로 따로 이머지하고 설정하시면 됩니다. 과  플래그는 각각의 프로토콜을 지원하는데 추가하며 외부 라이브러리에 의존하지 않습니다. 그러나, 플럭스박스 바이너리 크기를 키울 수가 있습니다.

There is also a  flag to make configuration easier later on. This flag will install , a special Fluxbox color scheme for. This enables users to more readily see the contents of their keys and init files for Fluxbox. It's a tiny extension for vim, so it's highly recommended.

Finally, there are two flags that customize the functionality of Fluxbox,  and. These flags are provided so that users who don't need the slit or the toolbar can compile Fluxbox without them. This is useful if you want to run an extremely minimal environment, or if you plan to use different applications that provide these features, such as standalone panels or docks.

Once you've decided on your USE flags, add them to :

It is also necessary to have a program lock the X display to prevent unauthorized access, so it would be wise to also emerge. The vast majority of users will also want the ability to set their own background, so we will emerge , which doubles as a nice X11 terminal.

Well, that's it; Fluxbox is now installed! However, it is likely that you will not be able to use it efficiently with just those tools. The following sections will help install other potentially necessary packages, and configure Fluxbox and the third party programs to work for you. Keep in mind that all these steps are optional, so feel free to pick and choose.

X11 준비
Fluxbox is simply another program that X11 runs. If desired, one can  and then type   at an xterm. However, this is annoying to say the least. If one does not desire to boot to the GUI, but instead wants to start X11 manually, it is possible to have X automatically load Fluxbox by executing, as a normal (non-root) user:

This is also not ideal for most users, as they want to have the desktop environment all the time; it is a pain to  if it is desired to use a GUI everytime you boot. It also presents a security risk to the unaware. If one locks the X11 display using , but run X11 from a console, then someone with physical access to the computer can switch to that console, kill X11, and use your account. The only way to prevent this is to either background X11 or run it in screen, detach the screen, and then logout of the console, a tedious task at best. If one uses a graphical login manager, this problem does not exist. However, you will be running X11 as root, which may be a bad thing. There are, as of this writing, no exploits that the author is aware of for the current version, but if one is concerned, then either not use X11 or use the above method with screen. Note that this is not a Fluxbox issue, but affects X11 itself.

There are a number of graphical login managers to choose from; we will be using SLiM. You may use another manager at your option, but SLiM works well for Fluxbox, as well as any other environments you may have installed such as GNOME, KDE, or Xfce.

테마와 아트워크
This section can be skipped if one truly wants a minimal footprint. However, it is nice to allow users to customize their WM's appearance. Themes specific to Fluxbox, Gentoo artwork for any WM, and themes that can be used on any *box WM will be installed.

플럭스박스 처음 실행하기
Now you are ready to run Fluxbox for the first time. It will create a directory called in your home directory, which is where Fluxbox stores all its settings, and populate it with some default values.

If you've installed SLiM or another display manager, start it by becoming root and running:

Then choose Fluxbox as your session and login with your regular user.

Once Fluxbox is running, it will look pretty plain. You should see a blank desktop with a toolbar at the bottom. You can then right-click anywhere on your desktop to bring up the menu. From there you should be able to start up any X applications you would like to run, or open up a terminal from which you can run anything you like.

플럭스박스 핵심
Fluxbox comes with a very weak set of default keysets. It enables a user to switch windows and desktops, and no more. Before changing it, there are a few things necessary to know. In the Fluxbox keys file, there are some strange modifiers. Mod1 is commonly known as the "Alt" key, and Mod4 is the unspeakable (windows) key. Control and Shift are Control and Shift. However, it is usually best to use Alt/Windows keys because other X11 programs tend to use Control and Shift for their own shortcuts.

All of these are independent, so feel free to leave out anything not desired, or modify this to your own needs. This guide uses what the author assumes to be the most common programs, so also substitute the name of the package used if it differs from what appears here. For more information, read the man page for Fluxbox.

So, with that out of the way, fire up a text editor (non-root user), point it to, and lets upgrade those shortcuts!

시스템 감시기
It is a common desire to setup a system monitor for X11 on desktop systems. Gkrellm is a commonly used monitor, but in the spirit of Fluxbox minimalism, we are going to use a simpler monitor:. If desired, use another monitor; there are plenty of HOWTOs elsewhere.

The default config file for Conky is rather weak, but more info can be found by reading the manpage or the Gentoo Linux Conky Howto.

아이콘
Fluxbox does not come with a utility or program to draw icons to the desktop; everything is handled by keyboard shortcuts, or the right-click menu. iDesk is a program that can be used to fulfill this need. It is aimed at users of minimal WMs like ourselves who want to display icons in the root window, and it even supports funky graphic effects like transparency! Despite its name, iDesk is not affiliated with Apple or Mac (to the best of the author's knowledge). Installing iDesk is as simple as:

Once installed, it will be necessary to configure iDesk so that it is able to display the icons we desire. Its configuration file can be found at. This is a rather lengthy task, and can't be well covered in this guide. The following resources might be useful in order to help you configure iDesk: , iDesk's Usage Guide and this thread in the Gentoo Forums.

그래픽 파일 관리자 선택
It is important to note that Gentoo does not need a file manager. It is perfectly possible, and indeed simpler (in the author's humble opinion), to do all the file manipulation by command-line. However, not everyone agrees...

Many users who are new to Gentoo/Fluxbox are put off by the lack of a graphical file manager such as  in Gnome. Fluxbox itself does not provide such a program, but as always, it is simple to acquire one. There are many choices, but this guide will present three, one for the who likes text only and two for the user who likes  to. It is also possible, of course, to install all three and try them out.

젠투 파일 관리자 - 미니멀리즘
Gentoo is a file manager which seeks to provide the benefits of a GUI interface without all the bloat which is commonly associated with such interfaces.

The Gentoo file manager aims to be fully configurably via GUI, so feel free to tweak.

Rox 파일 관리자 - 아이콘 포함
Rox is a file manager which uses icons as well as text and is much more like Windows' Explorer.

Rox behaves much like "traditional" file managers, so its interface should be intuitive. If not, there always are manpages.

투나 파일 관리자
Thunar is a lightweight, fast file manager that, like Rox, behaves much like "traditional" file managers. It includes icons and text, and it's easy to use. Though originally designed forXfce, it's a nice complement to a Fluxbox-based system.

그림 보기
Many WMs come with utilities to view pictures in a directory. These applications are small and lightweight, and do not allow for editing (which is assumed to be done by the  or similar). This is necessary if you use a command line, , or   for a file manager. Though  can display image thumbnails, a separate lightweight image viewer is still a good idea.

can be launched in any directory, and can browse through any supported picture format.

테마, 배경, 시작 스크립트 설정
Fluxbox has a number of themes that can be accessed by the right click menu, then "Fluxbox menu," and "System Styles." These themes usually set their own background, which is either a single color or a gradient of some type. Most people prefer to set their own background, and keep it no matter what theme they chose. To do so, we need to edit another of Fluxbox's files, which governs startup behavior. So fire up that text editor again, and point it to.

If this file exists, then clear it. Add the following to the newly created file, uncommenting as needed, and filling in values for the CAPS.

Menu generation
The author uses a text editor to create menus. If this sounds appealing to you, please skip this section and proceed to.

It is possible to edit by hand after using an automatic generator (see next section), to either add packages or delete those which aren't used. Note that if something is deleted from this menu, it does not delete the package from the system, just from the individual user's menu. The program can still be run by command-line.

There is a program already on your system called , which can be used to generate menus. To run it (as a non-root user):

It is recommended that you use  instead of other programs, which do not understand Gentoo's directory structure.

This can also be done from the Fluxbox menu itself. There is usually an entry in the "Fluxbox" menu called "Regen Menu" which will re-run this script, looking for any new applications that have been installed since the last time you ran it.

직접 메뉴 편집하기
Fluxbox's menu is a text file that follows a quite simple syntax, described in this section. The default menu definition is present in the file.

Menu entries for executing applications are defined by the  element. You can define an entry, either under the  definition (the menu root), or between a   and its corresponding   line (submenu definitions), for example:

The root menu definition begins with the  tag, followed by its name, between parentheses and ends with its corresponding   tag. All the menu commands (called here, tags) are enclosed by square brackets, menu names will be enclosed between parentheses and the actual commands are enclosed between braces. Comments are allowed in this file, for lines beginning with.

In the example shown above, the first  line defines a new entry named "XTerm White on Black", which will execute the   as if from a command line. Next is a submenu which is defined using the  tag, and after that a section called "More terminals", with two more   commands. Any submenu definition must have its corresponding  tag.

There are other menu commands that you can use in your file. Please read the official documentation available online for more information.

자료

 * 플럭스박스 위키
 * irc.freenode.net #fluxbox 채널의 플럭스박스 개발자 및 사용자

요약
Congratulations! Fluxbox is now installed, configured, and ready to go. If any questions or suggestions come to mind, please email the author and/or file a bug report at Gentoo's Bugzilla.

감사문
이 안내서에 제공한 노고에 대해 다음 작성자와 편집자분들께 감사의 말을 전하고자 합니다:


 * Jonathan Smith
 * Alin Dobre
 * Joshua Saddler
 * lack