Handbook:Main Page/ru

Введение
Gentoo Handbook — это попытка собрать накопленную документацию в связное руководство. Handbook содержит инструкции по установки Gentoo с использованием интернета, а также части о работе с Gentoo и Portage.

Архитектуры
Gentoo Linux существует для множества архитектур. Но что такое архитектура?

Архитектура это семейство ЦП (процессоров), которые поддерживают одни и те же инструкции. Две самых известных архитектуры в мире десктопов это архитектура  и архитектура  x86_64 (которую Gentoo называет  ). Но существуют и многие другие архитектуры, например,   (семейство PowerPC),  ,  , ...

Gentoo поддерживает множество архитектур. По этой причине вы обнаружите, что Gentoo Handbook доступен для многих поддерживаемых архитектур. Однако это может привести к некоторому недопониманию, ведь не все пользователи знают о различиях. Некоторые знают только тип и название ЦП, который находится у них в системе (например, i686 или Intel Core i7). Ниже вы найдете общий список поддерживаемых архитектур и их аббревиатуры, которое используется в Gentoo. Однако большинство людей, которые не знают архитектуру своей системы, скорее всего, заинтересованы в или.

Просмотр Gentoo Handbook
The list below gives a high-level overview architectures supported by various Gentoo Linux projects. It is important to choose the correct architecture before proceeding with the associated Installation section of a Handbook. Be sure to verify the CPU's architecture before moving onward.

A note for new users: if the CPU is less than five years old and the manufacturer is Intel or AMD, choosing the AMD64 Handbook is probably the correct route.


 * Alpha Handbook
 * The Alpha architecture is a 64-bit architecture developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It is still in use by some mid-range and high-end servers, but the architecture is slowly being faded out. Variants include: ES40, AlphaPC, UP1000, and Noname.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * AMD64 Handbook
 * AMD64 is a 64-bit architecture that is compatible with the architecture (and thus also known as ). It was first used by AMD (under the AMD64 name) and Intel (under the EM64T name) and is now the most prominent architecture for medium and high-end desktop PCs. It is also commonly found in the server segment. Variants include:  AMD Athlon 64, AMD Opteron, AMD Sempron processors, AMD Phenom, Intel Pentium 4, Intel Core2, Intel Core i3, i5, i7, and some Intel Atoms.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * ARM Handbook
 * ARM is a 32-bit architecture that is a very popular in embedded and small systems. Sub-architectures range from ARMv1 to ARMv7 (Cortex) and are often found in smart phones, tablets, hand-held consoles, end-user GPS navigation systems, etc. Variants include: StrongARM and Cortex-M.
 * There is no ARM Handbook. Please see ARM project and.


 * ARM64 Handbook
 * ARM64 is a new 64-bit variant of ARM for embedded and server systems. The only sub-architecture is ARMv8 and includes the Cortex-A53, and Cortex-A57 processors which are starting to appear in a variety of SoCs in developer boards, smart phones, tablets etc. Variants include: Cortex-A53 and Cortex-A57.
 * There is no ARM64 Handbook. Please see ARM project and.


 * HPPA Handbook
 * Referred to as HPPA, the PA-RISC architecture is an instruction set developed by Hewlett-Packard and was used in their mid- and high-end server series until about 2008 (after which HP started using Intel Itanium). Variants include: HP 9000 and PA-8600.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * IA64 Handbook
 * IA64 is a 64-bit architecture designed by Intel and used in their Intel Itanium processor series. This architecture is not compatible with or  (a.k.a. ) and is mostly found in medium and high-end server series. Variants include: Intel Itanium.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * MIPS Handbook
 * Developed by MIPS Technologies, the MIPS architecture comprises multiple subfamilies (called revisions) such as MIPS I, MIPS III, MIPS32, MIPS64 and more. MIPS is most common in embedded systems. Variants include: MIPS32 1074K and R16000.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * PPC Handbook
 * PPC is a 32-bit architecture used by many Apple, IBM and Motorola processors. They are most commonly found in embedded systems. Variants include: Apple OldWorld, Apple NewWorld, generi Pegasos, Efika, older IBM iSeries and pSeries.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * PPC64 Handbook
 * PPC64 is the 64-bit variant of the PPC architecture, popular in both embedded as well as high-end performance servers. Variants include: IBM RS/6000s, IBM pSeries, and IBM iSeries.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * SPARC Handbook
 * The SPARC architecture is best known by its most common producers, Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) and Fujitsu. It is used in server systems although a few workstations exist as well. In Gentoo, only SPARC64-compatible CPUs are supported. Variants include: E3000, Blade 1000, and Ultra 2.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking


 * X86 Handbook
 * X86 is a 32-bit architecture used by CPUs that are often said to be "Intel compatible". It was until recently the most popular architecture for desktop PCs. Gentoo offers builds for i486 (supports all families) and i686 (supports Pentium and higher or compatible). Variants include: i486, i686, AMD Athlon, Intel Core, and some Intel Atoms.
 * Full sections: Installation – Working – Portage – Networking

Почему бы не генерировать Handbook динамически для каждого варианта установки?
Теоретически, в мире возможно все что угодно, но мы решили сделать это только для каждой архитектуры. Другие возможные варианты, вроде разбивки диска, выбора ядра и установка пакетов достаточно просты, чтобы объяснить их в одном документе.

Я не могу найти информацию о stage1 в Gentoo Handbook. Где я могу найти ее?
Инструкции по установке из stage1 или stage2 теперь находятся в Gentoo FAQ. Установка из архива stage3 - единственный поддерживаемый метод установки.

Как я могу улучшить Handbook?
Suggestions, comments, or ideas on how to make the Handbook better can be reported to the Handbook project via the Discussion page of the respective article. Documentation is made for the community, so community feedback is well appreciated.

Помните, что большинство решений, принимаемых при разработке документации, основано на нашем общем мнении. Невозможно составить или организовать документацию так, чтобы каждый читающий ее остался доволен.

Those who open discussions with the goal of improving the Handbook must be able to accept a "No" as an answer. Typically "No" is used when we believe the current implementation is beneficial for the majority of readers.

Для того, чтобы отслеживать открытые запросы, мы просим вас добавлять к каждой открытой вами дискуссии шаблон Talk как показано в следующем примере:

The  code at the end of the example inserts a dated signature when the page is saved or previewed. This code can either be typed in manually or generated by using the Signature and timestamp button in the edit toolbar. Wiki editors will refer to this as 'signing a discussion.' Please remember to sign each comment made on discussion pages.