Kernel/Overview/es

Este documento ofrece un resumen de todos los fuentes del núcleo que ofrece Gentoo a través de Portage.

Introducción
Como cualquier otra cosa en Gentoo Linux, la filosofía del equipo del Núcleo de Gentoo es ofrecerle al usuario tanta libertad para escoger como sea posible. Si echa un vistazo a la salida de emerge -s sources, es fácil comprobar que existe una gran variedad de núcleos entre los que escoger. Este documento intenta dar una breve descripción de las metas de cada conjunto de parches que ofrece Gentoo y también explicar otras fuentes del núcleo disponibles.

Genkernel
Genkernel es un conjunto de herramientas que se puede utilizar para detectar automáticamente el hardware y configurar el núcleo automáticamente. Esto normalmente se recomienda a los usuarios a los que no les gusta compilar un núcleo de forma manual.

Para más información, por favor, lea la Guía de Genkernel de Gentoo Linux.

Para uso general: gentoo-sources
Para la mayoría de los usuarios, recomendamos el núcleo . Los fuentes gentoo-sources están basados en un núcleo Linux 3.x, ligeramente parcheado para corregir problemas de seguridad, errores y para incrementar la compatibilidad con las arquitecturas de sistema menos comunes.

El paquete absorbe la mayoría de los recursos del equipo del núcleo de Gentoo. Son el producto de desarrolladores perspicaces que además cuentan con los conocimientos del popular hacker del núcleo Greg Kroah-Hartman, mantenedor de udev y responsable de los subsistemas USB y PCI del núcleo oficial Linux.

Para servidores: hardened-sources
El núcleo está basado en el núcleo Linux oficial y está dirigido a nuestros usuarios que corren Gentoo en servidores. Ofrece parches para la mayoría de los subproyectos de Gentoo Hardened (tales como el soporte para SELinux y grsecurity) junto a mejoras de estabilidad y seguridad. Eche un vistazo a http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/hardened/ para obtener más información.

ck-sources
El núcleo es el conjunto de parches de Con Kolivas. Este conjunto de parches es diseñado primordialmente para mejorar la respuesta del sistema y la interactividad del mismo y es configurable para varias cargas de trabajo (desde servidores a equipos de escritorio). Este conjunto de parches incluye un planificador de tares diferente, BFS, diseñado para promover buen tiempo de respuesta, sin sobresaltos, aún cuando estén bajo cargas pesadas. Dispone de soporte e información en http://kernel.kolivas.org y en el canal  en irc.oftc.net.

git-sources
El paquete sigue las instantáneas diarias del equipo de desarrollo del núcleo. Estos núcleos son interesantes para usuarios que quieren desarrollar o prorbar el núcleo. Los informes de fallos se deben dirigir al Seguimiento de fallos del núcleo Linux o a la lista de correo LKML (Linux Kernel Mailing List).

Núcleos dependientes de arquitectura
Los paquetes y  son, tal como lo sugieren sus nombres, ficheros fuente parcheados para mejorar su desempeño en arquitecturas específicas. También contienen algunos parches para ofrecer soporte al hardware y también dar soporte a características de otros conjuntos de parches mencionados anteriormente y más abajo.

Paquetes de fuentes de núcleo sin soporte
Now to briefly describe some of the other which scrolled by when the emerge -s sources command was run. Below we discuss each one of them individually. These kernels are provided as a courtesy only — the various patch sets are not supported by the Gentoo kernel team. There is no specific preference to one source or another, so we review the kernel sources in alphabetical order.

aufs-sources
El paquete contiene los fuentes del núcleo completos incluyendo el conjunto de parches de Gentoo (genpatchset) (que se encuentra en gentoo-sources) para el árbol del núcleo 3.1x y soporte para aufs3. Este núcleo puede ser de interés cuándo se utiliza el sistema de ficheros aufs3. Para más información consulte la página de aufs3 en Sourceforge o la página de inicio de genpatches.

pf-sources
The kernel brings together parts of several different kernel patches. It includes the BFS patchset from, the patches, LinuxIMQ, and the BFQ I/O scheduler.

openvz-sources
OpenVZ is a server virtualization solution built on Linux. OpenVZ creates isolated, secure virtual private servers (VPSs) or virtual environments on a single physical server enabling better server utilization and ensuring that applications do not conflict. For more information, see http://www.openvz.org.

tuxonice-sources
The (formerly sys-kernel/suspend2-sources) are patched with both genpatches which includes the patches found in gentoo-sources, and the patches found in TuxOnIce which are an improved implementation of suspend-to-disk for the Linux kernel, formerly known as suspend2.

Se recomienda este núcleo es recomendable para usuarios de ordenadores portátiles que a menudo confían en ser poder suspender sus portátiles y reanudar el trabajo en otro lugar.

usermode-sources
usermode-sources are the User Mode Linux kernel patches and can be found in the package. These kernel patches are designed to allow Linux to recursively run within Linux. User Mode Linux is intended for testing and virtual server support. For more information about this amazing tribute to the stability and scalability of Linux, see http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net.

Para más información acerca de UML y Gentoo, lea la Guía UML de Gentoo.

vanilla-sources
Many Linux users will probably be familiar with the package. These kernels are copies of the official kernel sources released on http://www.kernel.org/. Please note that the Gentoo kernel team does not patch vanilla-sources at all; they are purely for people who wish to run a completely unmodified Linux kernel. The Gentoo kernel team recommends instead.

Las versiones del núcleo se puede encontrar bajo este paquete: 3.x.

aa-sources
aa-sources was a heavily modified kernel with all kinds of patches. The upstream maintainer stopped releasing kernel patchsets and subsequently this package has been removed.

alpha-sources
alpha-sources was a 2.4 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the Alpha architecture. These patches have been developed and are now included in the mainline kernel. Alpha users can run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

Núcleos dependientes de la arquitectura
cell-sources was a 2.6 kernel designed to run on the Sony PlayStation 3 game console.

development-sources
development-sources, the official 2.6 kernel from kernel.org, can now be found under the vanilla-sources package.

gentoo-dev-sources
gentoo-dev-sources, a 2.6 kernel patched with bug, security, and stability fixes, can now be found under the gentoo-sources package.

grsec-sources
The grsec-sources kernel source used to be patched with the latest grsecurity updates (grsecurity version 2.0 and up) which included, amongst other security-related patches, support for PaX. Grsecurity patches are included in the hardened-sources kernel, so this package is no longer available in Portage.

hardened-dev-sources
hardened-dev-sources can now be found under the hardened-sources package.

hppa-sources
hppa-sources</tt> was a 2.6 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the HPPA architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. HPPA users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

mm-sources
The mm-sources</tt> were based on vanilla-sources and contained Andrew Morton's patch set. They included the experimental and bleeding-edge features that were going to be included in the official kernel (or were going to be rejected because they set systems on fire!). They were known to be always moving at a fast pace and could change radically from one week to the other; kernel hackers often used mm-sources</tt> as a testing ground for highly experimental stuff. They have since been removed from the Portage tree.

rsbac-dev-sources
The rsbac-dev-sources</tt> kernels can now be found under the package.

rsbac-sources
Back in the days of 2.6-based kernels contained patches to use Rule Set Based Access Controls (RSBAC ). It was removed due to lack of maintainers, but has has magically reappeared with the 3.10 kernel series. Use hardened-sources if additional security features are needed.

selinux-sources
selinux-sources</tt>, a 2.4 kernel including lots of security enhancements, has been obsoleted by security development in the 2.6 kernel tree. SELinux functionality can be found in the hardened-sources package.

sh-sources
sh-sources</tt> was a 2.6 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the SuperH architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. SuperH users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

sparc-sources
sparc-sources</tt> was a 2.4 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the SPARC architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. SPARC users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

uclinux-sources
The uclinux-sources</tt> are meant for CPUs without MMUs as well as embedded devices. For more information, see http://www.uclinux.org. Lack of security patches as well as hardware to test on were the reasons this package is no longer found in the Portage tree.

win4lin-sources
win4lin-sources</tt> were patched to support the userland win4lin tools that allowed Linux users to run many Microsoft Windows (TM) applications at almost native speeds. These kernel sources were removed due to security issues.

xen-sources
xen-sources</tt> was a 2.6-based kernel that allowed running multiple operating systems on a single physical system. A user could create virtual environments in which one or more guest operating systems could run on a Xen-powered host operating system.

The xen-sources</tt> patches were incorporated into the mainline Linux kernel as of version 3.0.

For more information on working with Xen and Gentoo, read the Gentoo Xen Guide.

zen-sources
The package is designed for desktop systems. It includes code not found in the mainline kernel. The Zen kernel has patches that add new features, support additional hardware, and contains various tweaks for desktops. The Zen 3.8 kernel series is currently masked in the Portage tree. For more information on the Zen kernel please visit Zen Kernel Live Sources website.