KDE/ja

KDEとは、人気のPlasmaデスクトップ環境を含む、豊富なアプリケーションを開発しているフリーソフトウェアコミュニティです.

Gentoo support for KDE is excellent, with comprehensive packaging of the legacy Plasma 4, next generation KDE Frameworks 5, Plasma 5, and Applications 5, as well as a wide array of other miscellaneous KDE-based software.

Profile
Choosing an appropriate profile, although not required, is recommended as it sets a number of global and package-specific USE flags to ease installation and ensure a smooth KDE experience.

In order to choose the most suitable profile, first list what's available:

Then, select the right profile, substituting  with the appropriate profile number:

For Plasma 5 desktop environment choose  with OpenRC or   with systemd. For legacy Plasma 4 desktop environment it is recommended to use the  profile, which is tailored for use with OpenRC. If systemd is used, choose  instead.

サービス
Before installing KDE related software it is recommended that several other services are set up first. Part of that is done automatically if a desktop/plasma or desktop profile is used. These services are:
 * D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
 * polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
 * udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
 * udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.

Follow the links for information how to set up these services. Note that other USE flag combinations than set in this profile may technically be possible (especially if selected applications are run instead of a full KDE Plasma desktop environment), but may be unsupported, untested, or lead to unexpected loss of functionality.

X サーバー
Read and follow the instructions in the X server article to setup the X environment.

Plasma
Plasma 5 is the next generation of KDE's desktop environment, based on Qt 5 and KDE Frameworks 5. Upgrading is fairly simple, although it cannot be coinstalled with Plasma 4 due to upstream design decisions.

Upgrade from Plasma 4
Information on how to upgrade from Plasma 4, migration and troubleshooting can be found on the upgrade page.

Installation
The package provides the full Plasma 5 suite, configured by the following USE flags:

Alternatively, provides the basic desktop, leaving users free to install only the extra packages they require:

Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the package (already pulled in by ):

Display manager
SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag  for. Change the setting accordingly in. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.

KWallet auto-unlocking
Many users will be introduced to, Plasma's safe password management, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login. On many systems, there will actually be a second KWallet service present - is there to provide the same password storage functions to kdelibs4-based applications. provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.

It requires the following setup:
 * For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
 * Choose same password for login and kwallet
 * Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both and  fulfill that requirement:

For managing kwallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is :

For managing kwallets for kdelibs4-based applications like kopete or kmail:4:

SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts
ssh-agent scripts are located in and. The Keychain article provides more information about this.

Applications
Releases consist of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5 as well as Qt 4/KDElibs 4, with the latter still being in long term support mode. In Portage, the distinction is made using slots  and. Porting is an ongoing process where each major release is making inroads to Frameworks 5, and therefore contains both well matured and newly ported applications. Note that it also means potential dependency conflicts when two packages depend on slot 4 and 5 of the same library that can not be installed at the same time - such packages are dropped from *-meta.

入手可能なバージョン
KDE Applications is divided in the following meta packages:

Installation
The package provides the full Applications bundle, but alternatively, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead:

ローカライゼーション
While Frameworks and Plasma are shipping their translations per-package, localization of KDE Applications is provided via separate  packages. The  USE flag is enabled by default for linux profiles, and it is used by KDE Applications meta packages to pull in the necessary dependencies.

If only a select few languages are desired, define the L10N variable in. E.g. to use the German language, set:

To manually install these localization packages instead, use the following (complete) list or pick as desired:

While the first two contain translations for the majority of KDE Applications (slot  and  ), the latter  directly corresponds to - and is only relevant to users of -  or its related packages.

Available versions
In Portage, three variants of the KDE Personal Information Management (KDE PIM) suite (including, , and ) are available.

KDE PIM 4.14.11 and earlier
At the time of writing, the current stable version range is at 4.14.11, which includes an Akonadi-based kmail (also known as kmail2) and is still based on Qt 4/KDElibs 4.

In addition, a "noakonadi fork" is available as version 4.4.2016.01 (also known as kmail1). Adding a mask file to is necessary to get it:

Both variants are beginning to conflict with newer versions of packages. Adding certain per-package USE flag settings can solve some conflicts currently:

KDE PIM 16.12 and later
The latest upstream release based on Qt 5/KF 5 remains testing until it is deemed suitable for stable use, but testing is appreciated. Most, but not all of the codebase has been ported from to  which is based on Chromium's Blink. By default, this package sets and uses the  USE flag, which comes down to a  package dependency, so users preferring  for the rest of their system will need to switch off that USE flag.

Unfortunately, not all of the KDE Applications are compatible yet, with some packages still depending on Qt 4/KDElibs 4 based parts that can not be installed with modern KDE PIM at the same time. That includes, , and possibly other packages outside of the kde-apps category. By default, these packages are no longer installed by.

The following commands will deselect any packages from world that would still depend on these conflicting packages:

Some conflicts with older packages may be solved by adding per-package USE flag settings:

With all that prepared, KDE PIM is ready to be installed:

kdesu5
The utility that is used to run GUI programs as is provided by. If built with USE flag, a graphical frontend to  is installed, which can be used by invoking.

As always, ensure that the command actually needs to run as, versus adding the regular user to the relevant groups or simply just running the command unprivileged.

Frameworks
KDE Frameworks 5 is a collection of libraries and software frameworks that provide the foundation for KDE Plasma 5 and KDE Applications 5, but may be leveraged by any Qt application.

As Frameworks are mostly libraries and provide little user functionality, it's not necessary to install them manually - the required packages will be pulled in automatically as dependencies.

Plasma 4
Plasma 4 is the previous major workspace version by KDE. Although it is no longer maintained upstream, it is considered stable and might still be a viable alternative for some.

入手可能なバージョン
This will pull in additional  and   packages.

Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the package:

Display manager
KDM (KDE Display Manager) is the long-serving login manager for Plasma 4 although any other login manager can be used.

OpenRC
Set KDM as the default display manager:

To start KDM on boot, add xdm to the default runlevel:

To start KDM now:

systemd
Enable KDM at boot time through :

Now start the service:

More KDE software
The most important KDE applications are in the Gentoo repository and many are located in the kde-apps and kde-misc categories.

参考

 * KDE troubleshooting - An extended article on troubleshooting KDE.
 * KDE overlay - Instructions on adding Gentoo's KDE overlay.
 * KDE removal and clean up - Instructions on removing and cleaning up KDE.
 * kde-sunset overlay - For old KDE versions that have been removed from the main tree.