Iwlwifi

iwlwifi is the wireless driver for Intel's current wireless chips.

Kernel
To make it work some kernel configuration is needed. The driver supports 802.11a/b/g/n/ac (depending on the device), so IEEE 802.11 should be enabled.

Device driver iwlwifi
Use this driver for Intel's current wireless chips. Set it as a module  as shown here. Do not forget the DVM/MVM options.

Firmware
Also firmware for the individual device is needed as listed in this table. It is available in and in device-specific sys-firmware/iwlxxxx-*ucode packages.

Check the setup
should return nothing:

Most information about the driver module can be obtained by

should display iwlwifi.

will display some information of the network interface as represented by its network interface name in

Alternative setup
In case the driver is built into the kernel instead as a module, also the firmware needs to be built into the kernel.

In this case replace  with the exact firmware name. Some attention seems to be needed for FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER_FALLBACK.

Wireless not working

 * Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 3165 - WiFi not working

Kernel not loading firmware on systemd
For systems using udev or systemd, it is imperative to configure the kernel to load binary blobs. In this case the wireless card's firmware is the firmware that needs loaded. More information on configuring the kernel in this manner can be found in the following thread on the Gentoo forums: FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER_FALLBACK.

External resources

 * http://www.linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/iwlwifi