Kernel/Configuration/ru

Эта статья описывает ручную конфигурацию и настройку ядра Linux. Автоматический метод описан в статье genkernel.

Установка символьной ссылки
Символьная ссылка всегда должна указывать на исходные коды используемого в настоящий момент ядра. Это может быть сделано одним из трех способов:

1. Установите исходный код ядра с включенным  USE-флагом. Это заставит указывать на исходный код свежеустановленного ядра. Если необходимо, символьная ссылка может быть изменена позже двумя следующими методами:

2. Setting the symlink with the eselect tool:

This outputs the available kernel sources. The asterisk indicates the chosen sources. To change the kernel sources, e.g. to the second entry, do:

3. Setting the symlink manually:

Инструменты конфигурации
The kernel offers several tools to configure itself.

There are also several scripts to create miscellaneous default configurations. These can make deeper configuration more time efficient. Run the following command for a full list of make targets:

Конфигурация
This article describes the configuration using the make menuconfig tool, but the procedure is similar for the other menus.

Использование меню
In the shown menu the blue bar indicates the position of the cursor. With the and  arrow keys change the position of the cursor. The and   arrow keys traverse the menu bar in the bottom and define what happens when the  key is pressed. For the menu bar below, Select switches to a sub menu for the menu entries ending with ---> while Exit exits a sub menu. As an alternative the key can be pressed twice to exit the application.

Pressing an associated letter key - will move the position of the cursor lines that have characters in bold. The, , keys are excluded from navigation in this way; they are sanctified for other purposes. If a line begins with a Y, M, or N, the next character will be bold and capable of being jumped to. For example, relative to the cursor's current position, if the next line reads "Network Device Support --->" pressing the key will move the cursor to that line.

The following symbols can appear in front of the lines in the menus:

Кроме того, некоторые пункты меню имеют метки в конце:

Most options have a description, which see by pressing the key or choosing Help in the menu bar.

Выбор драйверов
Смотри статью hardware detection и статьи в категории Hardware.

Search modules
Within menuconfig, use the key to search modules by name.

As shown below, the search result will show numbers in front of the matches. Pressing in the example below would make menuconfig jump straight to the option Bluetooth device drivers in the menu structure.

Включение общих настроек Gentoo Linux
There is a kernel configuration option called CONFIG_GENTOO_LINUX only present in and other Kernel Project maintained kernels. It does nothing on its own, but sets various required configuration options for typical installations.

This setting automatically selects  and   support, which are needed for handling  on Gentoo Linux, but might be expanded in the future to enable other mandatory settings for a Gentoo Linux system. For more information, read the help information available through the kernel configuration system as described earlier in this guide.

Компиляция
After configuration has been accomplished successfully, compile the kernel:

For processors with multiple cores, make all the cores do the work. Add the option. For example, a dual core processor contains two logical cores plus one (2 + 1):

A quad core system contains four logical cores plus one (4 + 1):

Установка
If drivers are activated as modules, they must be installed:

Модули будут скопированы в подкаталог.

Для того, чтобы установить само ядро:

This command executes, which is part of the package. ''The new kernel is installed into. If a symbolic link already exists, it is refreshed by making a link from  to the new kernel, and the previously installed kernel is available as . (installkernel'' man page). The same for and  files. These symlinks are handy, because they always point to the newest kernel without changing the file path (e.g. they can be used in the bootloader configuration).

Загрузчик
Change the system's bootloader configuration to pick up at boot the new kernel.

Finally restart the system with the new kernel.

Comparing current kernel configuration with default configuration
Use the following procedure to get an overview over the kernel configurations that deviate from the default. Keep in mind that the modification of configuration setting may entail additional configuration settings.

The search function in make menuconfig can be used to look up the flags and their interpretation. When you're done, clean up: