UEFI Dual boot with Windows 7/8

Prerequisites
A UEFI computer with Windows 7 x64 or Windows 8 x64 or Windows 10 x64 installed on a gpt partitioned hard drive and booting in UEFI mode. Secure Boot disabled in BIOS.

If the hard drive is empty, try Installing Windows on UEFI Systems first.

The Windows 10 upgrade was remarkably painless compared to prior experiences. It did evict the rEFInd entry from UEFI which required repeating part of http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#windows. An update of rEFInd was due anyway.

Disable "Fast Startup"
It is recommended to disable "Fast Startup", aka "hybrid shutdown" or "hybrid boot" in Windows. Without it, Windows' filesystems are not unmounted even when you're using Linux, so editing Windows files can result in data loss. Even if you do not intend to share filesystems, the EFI System Partition is likely to be damaged on an EFI system.

To disable Fast Startup, see here for Windows 8 and here for Windows 10.

Shrink the windows partition
You can skip this if there's already room for Gentoo partitions.

WINDOWS 7:

 * 1) Press the Windows-r to open the "Run" dialog, and enter diskmgmt.msc OR go to Control Panel/Administrative Tools and open Computer Management. Select the "Disk Management" option under "Storage" from the tree menu on the left.
 * 2) Right click on the target partition and choose “shrink volume”
 * 3) Provide the size of the shrink

WINDOWS 8 or Windows 10:

 * 1) Press Windows-x (windows key and x key simultaneously).
 * 2) Choose “Disk Management”
 * 3) Right click on the target partition and choose “shrink volume”
 * 4) Provide the size of the shrink

Download and install rEFInd in Windows
Get rEFInd

Extract refind-bin-{version}.zip to a handy location. Suggest C:\.

Get directions; then install rEFInd from Windows to the Windows EFI System partition (ESP)

For simpler booting in some configurations, ensure that you've installed EFI filesystem drivers for the partition that holds your Linux kernel.

Screenshots

Obtain UEFI bootable linux media
Get a System Rescue Cd iso Knoppix 7.2 is not a suitable substitute. Create a System Rescue Cd or System Rescue USB flash drive

Mount the sysresccd or sysrescusb and restart the computer. The CD or USB should appear as a choice in the rEFInd menu. If the cd/usb does not appear in the rEFInd menu, select "Reboot to Computer Setup Utility", then in the BIOS screen check for an entry for the cd/usb that is marked as "UEFI". Select that entry as the first boot choice.

Install Gentoo
Exceptions/additions to the Gentoo Handbook:

Create gentoo partitions
Use gdisk instead of fdisk or parted for GPT disks. It's provided by sys-apps/gptfdisk.

START OF GDISK EXAMPLE: gdisk /dev/sda

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6

Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 500118192 sectors, 238.5 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): C72786B7-C1FB-4A60-8F5F-216FA9097A98 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 500118158 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 123357805 sectors (58.8 GiB)

Number Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name 1           2048          616447   300.0 MiB   2700  Basic data partition 2         616448          821247   100.0 MiB   EF00  EFI system partition 3         821248         1083391   128.0 MiB   0C01  Microsoft reserved part 4        1083392       376762367   179.1 GiB   0700  Basic data partition

Command (? for help): n Partition number (5-128, default 5): First sector (34-500118158, default = 376762368) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (376762368-500118158, default = 500118158) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +100M Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Entering GPTPart::SetName(const UnicodeString...)

Command (? for help): n Partition number (6-128, default 6): First sector (34-500118158, default = 376967168) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (376967168-500118158, default = 500118158) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +1G Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8200 Changed type of partition to 'Linux swap' Entering GPTPart::SetName(const UnicodeString...)

Command (? for help): n Partition number (7-128, default 7): First sector (34-500118158, default = 379064320) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (379064320-500118158, default = 500118158) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Entering GPTPart::SetName(const UnicodeString...)

Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 500118192 sectors, 238.5 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): C72786B7-C1FB-4A60-8F5F-216FA9097A98 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 500118158 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name 1           2048          616447   300.0 MiB   2700  Basic data partition 2         616448          821247   100.0 MiB   EF00  EFI system partition 3         821248         1083391   128.0 MiB   0C01  Microsoft reserved part 4        1083392       376762367   179.1 GiB   0700  Basic data partition 5      376762368       376967167   100.0 MiB   8300  Linux filesystem 6      376967168       379064319   1024.0 MiB  8200  Linux swap 7      379064320       500118158   57.7 GiB    8300  Linux filesystem

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda. The operation has completed successfully. END OF GDISK EXAMPLE Make file systems:

mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda5 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda7 mkswap /dev/sda6 swapon /dev/sda6 As long as the EFI stub kernel is in an ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, Btrfs, or fat32 file system rEFInd will find it and add it to the menu.

Run blkid:

EXAMPLE RETURN: /dev/sda7: UUID="1f43e373-f923-4ec2-a62e-6a0d98927583" TYPE="swap" PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b"

The / partition PARTUUID will be used in the kernel configuration in the form root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b. Keep it handy.

Continue with the handbook through "7. Configuring the Kernel".

Kernel configuration
Use either "7.b. Default: Manual Configuration" or "7.c. Alternative: Using genkernel" but start genkernel with 'genkernel --menuconfig all' vice just 'genkernel all'. The kernel name produced by genkernel in /boot will start with kernel- ; as rEFInd looks for vmlinuz or bzImage as the first word in linux kernel names, either replace or prepend kernel- with vmlinuz- or bzImage- in /boot. In addition to the items specified in the handbook or set by genkernel, enable the following:

In menuconfig:

General setup

CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y

CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=""

CONFIG_RD_GZIP=y

CONFIG_RD_BZIP2=y

CONFIG_RD_LZMA=y

CONFIG_RD_XZ=y

CONFIG_RD_LZO=y

CONFIG_RD_LZ4=y

-*- Enable the block layer --->

Partition Types --->

[*]  PC BIOS (MSDOS partition tables) support

[*]  EFI GUID Partition support

Processor type and features --->

[*] EFI runtime service support

[*]  EFI stub support [*]    EFI mixed-mode support

[*] Built-in kernel command line

(root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID

[*]  Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments

Firmware Drivers --->

<*> EFI Variable Support via sysfs

Device Drivers --->

Graphics support --->

<*> Support for frame buffer devices --->

[*]  EFI-based Framebuffer Support

File systems --->

Pseudo filesystems --->

-*- /proc file system support

[*]  /proc/kcore support

[*] Tmpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)

[*]  Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists

-*-  Tmpfs extended attributes

[*] HugeTLB file system support

<*> Userspace-driven configuration filesystem

If an initramfs is to be used, add an initrd="/boot/ " to the kernel configuration item "CONFIG_CMDLINE" as in the following example:

Processor type and features --->

[*] Built-in kernel command line

(initrd=/boot/initramfs root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID

[*] Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments

If systemd is to be used, add "init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" to the kernel configuration item "CONFIG_CMDLINE" as in the following example:

Processor type and features --->

[*] Built-in kernel command line

(root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd quiet) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID

[*] Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments

If systemd and an initramfs are to be used; example:

Processor type and features --->

[*] Built-in kernel command line

(initrd=/boot/initramfs root=PARTUUID=92d3d504-9e7e-4c3d-9e56-15e3bd43511b ro init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd quiet) Built-in kernel command string EXAMPLE USE CORRECT PARTUUID FOUND WITH BLKID

[*] Built-in command line overrides boot loader arguments

Use make && make modules_install && make install to build a manual kernel. Finish the handbook. No need to emerge or install grub or lilo or grub2. rEFInd will act as boot manager. rr

Alternative booting
You may consider boot options suggested by refind linux page. If you going to stick with refind config setup would be a better decision. In few words you're not required to hardcode kernel launch arguments, instead you should provide refind_linux.conf in /boot partition next to the kernel binary. It's also possible to select described in refind_linux.conf file boot options at refind launch screen (press F2 to invoke additional boot options menu). You could find additional info with examples of refind_linux.conf at refind linux page.