PPC/FAQ/ru

FAQ по Gentoo/PPC — это Article description::сборник вопросов и ответов, составленный по материалам списков рассылки и каналов IRC (Internet Relay Chat) проекта Gentoo/PPC. Пользователям, которым нужна дополнительная помощь, следует использовать Форумы Gentoo или канал  на Freenode IRC.

Какой компьютер PowerPC мне нужен, и где я могу найти более подробную информацию об этом?
Добро пожаловать в Gentoo PPC! Процессор PowerPC используется во многих популярных компьютерных устройствах, вот некоторые ссылки, которые помогут определить, что за тип аппаратного обеспечения представляет собой машина на вашем столе.


 * Все Mac: История продуктов и их технические особенности


 * Недорогие Mac: История и детали по продуктам Apple


 * Информация о модели Genesi


 * Документация IBM по моделям


 * KuroBox


 * PenguinPPC - Информация о PowerPC на Linux

Как я могу проверить в OSX, что скачанный мной файл ISO не поврежден?
Прежде всего, проверьте, что вы не смонтировали сервер ftp с помощью Finder, и не скопировали файл с помощью перетаскивания. После этого ISO-файл будет повреждён. Вместо этого используйте :

Вы можете проверить контрольную сумму MD5 с помощью утилиты, поставляемой с OSX. В версиях OSX без md5sum вы можете использовать возможности для получения контрольной суммы MD5.

Теперь сравните полученный вывод с соответствующим файлом на сервере, с которого вы скачали ISO-образ (файл заканчивается на ). Если значения совпадают, ISO-образ был загружен правильно. Убедитесь, что вы ещё не смонтировали его (например, с помощью Disk Copy).

Могу ли я одновременно установить Gentoo Linux и Mac OS X?
Да, вы можете! Фактически, автоматически обнаружит и добавит в  Linux, Mac OS X и даже классическую Mac OS (см. подробнее о yabootconfig в PPC Gentoo Handbook). Хитрость заключается в том, как вы разделите свой жёсткий диск. Перед установкой Gentoo, загрузитесь с установочного CD Mac OS X. Используйте для разбиения диска на вашем компьютере на два или три раздела. В качестве альтернативы, используйте из недавнего установочного CD Gentoo, поскольку в него была добавлена поддержка разделов HFS и HFS+. Parted также может сжать раздел, и вам не придётся удалять существующую установку. Первый раздел должен быть достаточно большим, чтобы вмещать все разделы Linux (корневой+подкачка+/home и др.). Формат раздела не имеет значения. Второй раздел должен быть предназначен для OS X. Третий (и необязательный) раздел – для классической Mac OS. Он нужен только в случае, если вам нужна тройная загрузка, поскольку для её работы OS9 и OSX должны находится на отдельных разделах.

После разбиения, установите Mac OS X и Mac OS 9 на соответствующие разделы. После завершения установки следуйте Gentoo PPC Handbook. Когда вы доберётесь до статьи о разбиении, используйте, чтобы удалить большой раздел, который вы создали для Gentoo. На его месте создайте разделы начальной загрузки и подкачки, корневой раздел, и любые другие, какие вы хотите использовать с Gentoo.

Если у вас OldWorld Macintosh (более ранний, чем iMac), следуйте аналогичным указаниям, но используйте установочный CD Mac OS 9 и утилиту. Компьютеры OldWorld не нуждаются в загрузочном разделе.

У меня ранний NewWorld Mac, такой как Blue и White G3. Он должен быть совместим с установочным CD, но во время загрузки появляется ошибка «Unknown or corrupt filesystem».
В качестве обходного пути, запустите Open Firmware нажатием клавиш +++ во время загрузки. Когда появится приглашение, введите:

Теперь CD должен загрузиться как положено, благодаря обходному решению John Plesmid.

У меня OldWorld Macintosh, и мне нужен BootX. Однако, у меня проблемы с открытием установочного архива BootX. Что я могу сделать?
Вам понадобится новая версия, чтобы открыть архив. Вы можете бесплатно скачать его.

У меня компьютер Beige G3. Могу ли я установить Gentoo Linux/PPC на второй жёсткий диск IDE?
Ранние версии Beige G3 (они имеют метку «Rev 1» на материнской плате и микросхему ATI RageII+) не поддерживают диски IDE. Чтобы использовать второй жёсткий диск, необходимо присоединить его к внутреннему или внешнему порту SCSI или установить карту PCI IDE. Более поздние компьютеры G3 не имеют подобных ограничений. См. http://www.xlr8yourmac.com/G3-ZONE/IDE/index.html для более подробной информации.

И меня iMac ревизии A или B. Я заменил жёсткий диск на более вместительный и теперь вообще ничего не могу загрузить!
У подобных компьютеров есть лимит в 8 Гб для корневого раздела. Убедитесь, что корневой раздел меньше 8 Гб. Это также распространяется на OS X и поздние вресии OS 9.

В моём /etc/fstab есть запись /dev/BOOT. Нужно ли мне менять эту строку для раздела Apple bootstrap?
Maybe. If you are not using a separate boot partition then you do not need this line and can safely just delete it from  The Apple bootstrap partition is not  and is not related in any way.

If you are using a partition type that's not natively supported by the bootloader (such as ext4 and yaboot), you will need to use a separate boot partition. In this case, you will want to specify in.

После перезагрузки yaboot не сработал! Я застрял. Как я могу это починить?
Скорее всего, вы просто неправильно настроили. Самый простой способ это починить — это загрузиться с установочного компакт-диска снова, смонтировать раздел с gentoo и проверить на ошибки. После этого надо будет запустить, чтобы обновить начальный загрузчик. Всё это можно сделать, не выполняя повторный chroot в вашу установку.

When I try to boot, yaboot only says "read error"! Why can't I boot?
You're probably using XFS for the root partition. While this is an option, yaboot has some issues accessing files with holes. To ensure that your kernel will boot, instead of copying the file to, simply  the kernel as shown below.

I installed an OSX update and now my computer only boots into OSX! How can I fix it?
Hold down the option key on boot. This will bring you to a graphical boot device selector. Wait until a hard drive with a penguin shows up and click on the icon. This will boot Linux install as usual. Once you've booted, rerun to fix the bootloader.

I want to set the hardware clock from Open Firmware, is that possible?
To set the clock boot into Open Firmware (using the key combination of ++). Once you are at the Open Firmware prompt, you can set the clock using the command below:

Open Firmware will return with an ok after the clock is set. Type  to continue booting after the clock is set.

У меня Power Macintosh или Powerbook с NuBus (до-PCI). Могу ли я запустить Gentoo на нём?
Official Linux support for NuBus PPC Macintoshs has been dropped starting with Kernel 2.6, so an Installation of Gentoo Linux is actually not possible. You might try the kernel sources provided by the PPC/Linux for NuBus Power Macs Project and combine them with the official Gentoo PPC32 stage archive. Share your experiences with the Gentoo community.

У меня очень старый Powerbook или Macintosh Quadra/Macintosh II/Performa/LC с процессором Motorola (m68k). Что насчёт этого?
Information for Linux in general and Gentoo in particular on these machines can be found on m68k.

How do I open/eject the CD-ROM tray on my Mac in the OpenFirmware environment?
The CD-ROM can be opened by pressing and holding the left mouse button during the POST process.

I'm running Gentoo on a PowerPC laptop. What packages should I install to enable laptop-specific functionality?
There are three main packages you will need to install:


 * : A tool that enables the brightness and volume keys on most PPC laptops as well as other Apple specific functionality. The current versions also work as a power manager and replaces.


 * : Provides a graphical configuration editing tool for configuring pbbuttonsd including settings such as power-management, trackpad options, and various other preferences.


 * : allows CPU speed scaling for longer battery life. Other packages also provide the same functionality, such as, , and . It does not really matter which you chose, just ensure that you have the userspace CPU frequency scaling governor enabled in the kernel. This is the only governor that will work on PPC.

These packages can be installed by running the appropriate commands from the list below:

It is useful to add and  to the boot runlevel so that they are started when the computer boots. To do this on OpenRC issue:

I only have one mouse-button. How can I make use of the second and third one, since the Ctrl key does not work?
There is no way to use the key like on Mac OS X, but just about any key or combination of keys can be mapped to emulate the second and third mouse-button. The values can be obtained with the command line utility from the console. Note that this program does not work as expected from X and should only be run from the console. To use this feature, enable the following options in the kernel:

The keyboard to mouse button mapping values will need to be set in Here is an example using the  and  keys:

To activate these settings:

Apple Powerbooks and iBooks that use the Appletouch driver, can alternatively configure multi-finger tapping to allow 2nd and 3rd button control. See the documentation for this driver for configuration options.

How can I configure my Airport card?
The Airport card is an 802.11b device based on the Lucent Orinoco chipset. To use this card in Linux enable these kernel options:

Once the kernel is configured, userland tools will be needed to configure the wireless settings. Emerge the for  and other wireless tools.

As an example of using, to set the ESSID to home_essid:

For a generic guide to setting up wireless with Gentoo, please see the Wireless guide in the PPC Handbook.

How can I configure my Airport Extreme card?
The Airport Extreme is an 802.11b/g card that is included with modern Apple portable computers. It is based on the Broadcom 43xx chipset which is supported by the native b43 driver project. It has been included in the 2.6.24 kernel. Note that the driver should select the proper driver between b43 and b43-legacy. The firmware used for these two drivers is different, with the legacy version supporting older 4306 cards. Systems with a 4306 card need to build both. Otherwise it should be safe to only build b43. To enable either driver, mac80211 must be selected first.

After compiling the kernel, be sure to emerge the package to install the firmware and get a copy of the firmware. The instructions for this are found at: linuxwireless.org, and follow the directions for extracting the firmware.

For a generic guide to setting up wireless with Gentoo, please see the Wireless guide in the PPC Handbook.

Will the internal modem work?
On older Macs, the internal modem is a regular serial device. In addition to PPP support and I2C support, enable this kernel option to use it:

Newer Macs use a USB device which only has a driver from Linuxant. Unless you have purchased a key from Linuxant, this driver will only work at 14.4 and will not support FAX. To install the driver, emerge (this package is no longer in the Gentoo ebuild repository) which will provide. Then set up PPP like usual. Further information about the installation can be found at http://www.linuxant.com/drivers/hcf/install.html

Does sleep work on my iBook/PowerBook?
Sleep used to work well with the User Mode Setting kernel drivers, but modern X servers using KMS do not sleep properly at this time.

How do I get sound playback working?
There are two approaches to sound on modern kernels: OSS or ALSA. OSS is the older of the two options and has been deprecated, but still functions well for many older Macs. ALSA is the newer method and will continue to be supported in the future. We recommend that you use ALSA unless you have problems with it.

In addition to configuring the kernel, users who should have access to the audio devices need to be added to the appropriate group with the gpasswd command:

If the kernel is set up correctly, but you can't hear any sound, ensure that the main mixer volume is turned up and that the device is not muted!

Sound setup with ALSA
For ALSA, we'll set up both the regular ALSA drivers and the OSS emulation layer so that we can still use legacy OSS only programs. Use to select the following:

Depending on the age of the machine, the correct sound driver should also be enabled. On more modern machines such as Aluminum PowerBooks, new iBooks or G5's the  driver should be used. For older machines, try the ALSA PowerMac driver instead.

You can also configure these as modules and ensure they're loaded on boot, but it's easier to simply compile it all in.

For more information on configuring ALSA, please see ALSA.

Sound setup with OSS
With, select the following:

Or configure as modules and ensure they're loaded on boot.

If the  module does not load, try enabling   in the kernel or as a module.

How do I make my Mac power up after a power failure?
The Power Management Unit (PMU) in most Macs has the ability to turn the Mac on again after a power loss. This feature is controlled by the PMU options found in. To enable this feature, set  to 1, to disable it, set   to 0.

Unfortunately, this setting is turned off again after the machine restarts. To ensure that your system always starts with power on after power failure enabled, add the line above to

I see lots of "IN from bad port" errors in my kernel dmesg, how do I fix that?
This is caused by drivers written for devices that you don't have on your system. These messages are usually harmless, but it's a good idea to disable the unused drivers anyway. See below to match up port numbers with kernel configuration options. Note that even if the numbers don't match, try disabling these kernel options anyway, most PPC machines don't use these drivers.

If you have another IN from bad port message that you're not sure about, please let us know!

I can't emerge a package, and get an error about it being masked. What should I do?
There are two common reasons why a package will not emerge: either it hasn't been tested on PPC or it has been tested, but hasn't yet been marked stable.

If your package has not yet been tested on PPC, you will need to first mark the ebuild with the keyword. This is done using the tool which is part of the  package. Mark the ebuild and regenerate the manifest file so that it reflects the changes:

Once the ebuild has been keyworded, you can now emerge it as usual. Test the application and if it works, please report it as a bug so one of the developers can add the keyword.

If your package already has the keyword, you have two options. Either follow the above instructions and replace the keyword with, or you can use  to unmask the specific package. The second option is preferred simply because it will not be undone by an.

Now emerge the package as normal. Once you're sure the application is stable, please report this as a bug so the developers can add the keyword.

Does Gentoo/PPC have support for Adobe Flash?
Well, not really. Macromedia has not supplied a Linux/PPC binary and open source implementations are incomplete at this time. However, there are two projects that can play many flash objects, gnash and swfdec. Both are capable of playing back YouTube movies and lots of other popular content.

Does Gentoo/PPC have a Java plugin?
Yes, a Java plugin is available with IBM's Java 1.6. Note that not all Java applications work with this Java version yet.

As of June 2015 a binary version of Icedtea (compliant to Java 6 and 7) built for Gentoo/PPC is now available.

Alternatively, you can build Icedtea from source.

What is required for DRM?
When emerging, make sure the  USE flag is enabled. The  variable should be set in  with a value aligning on the video card:   for Radeon support,   for Nvidia support and so on. For a backup option, add  to the list of VIDEO_CARDS, this driver should always work.

Make sure in the kernel configuration the following options are set:

I've installed X.org and configured it correctly, but the radeon or nouveau driver is missing. What's wrong?
Add the appropriate VIDEO_CARDS value to and recompile  and  to build the drivers.

I have a VBIOS or "Invalid I/O allocation" error in my xorg.log. Is this a problem?
No, this is simply X.org probing your video card. It attempts to open the x86 only video BIOS and fails, leaving one of these messages. It's harmless, don't worry about it!

When using OpenGL DRI or playing movies, the system sometimes freezes hard unexpectedly. What can I do?
Your system may not cope properly with AGP support. The easiest solution is to add the following line to the "Device" section of

If you are still having trouble, please try disabling dri in the to see if the problems go away.

=== I recently emerged Xorg, but when using it, my international keyboard layout does not work correctly. The main keys work fine but I am unable to compose special characters like the "at" sign. The startx output says something like "could not load keymap, falling back to default keymap". What is wrong? ===

Check that the permissions on are set to. If not, change them by running. This will allow Xorg to load keymaps properly again.

How do I play audio CDs?
NewWorld machines have no audio connection between their CD-ROM drive and their sound hardware. Therefore, audio information must be read as data and then piped to the sound hardware. This is possible using Audacious, which reads the audio off the CD over the ATA cable, decodes it in software and sends it to the sound card over the PCI bus as digital data.

To play a CD, just fire up. If you're having playback trouble, you may need to open up the   menu and select the CD drive. Make sure is checked.

Can I access my ext2/ext3 partitions from OSX?
OSX can support the reading and writing of ext2/ext3 partitions by using the kernel extension provided by the ext2fsx project.

Which Portage USE flags do not work on PowerPC machines?
If you're using an old flat profile, (deprecated, pre 2005.0) look at for a list.

If you're using a cascaded profile, (2005.0 and onwards) look at for a list.

How can I set up distcc with my x86 box?
If you've got another faster computer, you can set up distcc to compile binaries for your slower PPC processor. It is better to do as much building as possible on the faster machine; if possible, do not build on the slower computer. Read the DistCC Cross-compiling article to learn how. You may also want to read the Gentoo Embedded Handbook to learn more about cross-compiling.

Can I buy a CD of Gentoo Linux/PPC?
Unfortunately not. Currently, the stores listed on Stores offering Gentoo products only offer media with Gentoo for the x86 and x86-64 (Intel 32-bit and 64-bit) platforms.

This FAQ hasn't answered my question. What do I do now?
A good first step is to browse through the relevant PPC documentation here on the Wiki. The PPC-specific mailing list. Gentoo on PPC (Forums topic) is an open bulletin-board for discussion of all PowerPC issues. Also, there is usually a lively discussion on IRC. Join us on on Libera.Chat IRC.

General information about Linux on PowerPC can be found at penguinppc.org.