IPv6 router guide/es

Basic kernel configuration
Cualquiera de los núcleos 2.6 disponibles en Gentoo tiene soporte para conexiones IPv6. La nueva pila USAGI para IPv6 está integrada en el núcleo desde la versión Linux 2.6.0.

Ahora estamos listos para entrar en el directorio de las fuentes del núcleo y comenzar con su configuración.

Testing IPv6 support
After enabling the recommended options, recompile the kernel and reboot into the new IPv6-enabled kernel.

If is not yet installed, it is seriously recommended to do so. iproute2 is a network configuration suite that contains, the famous replacement for , , and others...

Si IPv6 funciona, el dispositivo de bucle debería mostrar una dirección IPv6:

Before going any further, make sure to add ipv6 to the list of USE variables in, so that future emerges of packages will include IPv6 support.

Basic configuration
Most ISPs still do not offer any native IPv6 connections. To get around this limitation, there are several "tunnel brokers" around the globe that offer free IPv6 tunnels. This will allow to tunnel all the IPv6 connections through an IPv4 connection.

A continuación se muestran dos ejemplos de configuración de un túnel IPv6 con dos proveedores populares de Norteamérica: Hurricane Electric (también se aplica a túneles de sixxs.net sin protocolo heartbeat) y Freenet6.

Hurricane Electric
Hurricane Electric (HE for short) offers free IPv6 tunnels and allocates a /64 block of addresses for each customer. It also allows configuration of reverse DNS. Getting a tunnel from HE is as easy as going to https://www.tunnelbroker.net/ and filling out a one page form.

After a tunnel is approved and a /64 block is allocated, start to configure the system. HE provides sample configurations based on and the  utilities. The following two examples assume that the following configuration is used:

Using the package and the  command, do the following.

Crear un túnel entre la IPv4 local (eth0) y la dirección IPv4 remota de HE:

Extraer la carga del túnel desde la MTU:

Activar el túnel:

Asignarle la dirección IPv6:

Route all global unicast IPv6 addresses through our 'he6' tunnel device:

El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo establecer esto en el inicio del sistema:

Para hacer que el dispositivo arranque en el inicio:

Cuando se tunela IPv6 sobre IPv4, los paquetes proceden primero desde la cadena IPv4 antes de que se pasen a la cadena IPv6.

Freenet6
Freenet6 es otro proveedor de túneles gratuito. El registro opcional solo requiere un nombre de usuario y una dirección de correo electrónico válida. Han elegido realizar la gestión del túnel mediante una configuración cliente/servidor creando el cliente. Este cliente está disponible en Portage. Para instalarlo haga:

Now when choosing to connect with authentication, configure  by editing. Only the userid and passwd fields need to be changed to match those assigned from Freenet6 and change the gateway server. Below is a sample config file.

Testing the connection
Now that the tunnel is configured, test the connection. The easiest way to do this is to use the  utility and try to ping an IPv6 host.

Further work is currently in progress to add better IPv6 support to the network init scripts. To know the status of this and/or help out, please email.

Hacer de nuevo emerge de los paquetes
Unless  was already set in  previously, it is probably necessary to re-emerge a bunch of packages to compile in IPv6 support for them. To get a list of all the installed packages which are affected by USE flag changes, use Portage's   option:

When many USE flags have been changed, the list could be quite long. It's suggested to keep the system up-to-date, so it won't hurt if all affected packages are rebuilt.

IPv6 specific packages
Hay algunos paquetes que tratan específicamente con elementos IPv6. La mayoría se encuentran en.

IPv6 y DNS
Así como los DNS para IPv4 utilizan registros A, los DNS para IPv6 usan registros AAAA. (Esto se debe a que IPv4 tiene un espacio de direcciones de 2^32 mientras que en IPv6 es de 2^128). Para el DNS inverso, el estándar INT es obsoleto, pero es el más soportado. ARPA es el último estándar. El soporte para el formato ARPA se describe aquí.

Configuración de BIND
Recent versions of BIND include excellent IPv6 support. This section will assume at least minimal knowledge about the configuration and use of BIND. We will assume that bind is not running in a chroot. If this assumption is wrong, simply append the chroot prefix to most of the paths in the following section.

First add entries for both forward and reverse DNS zone files in.

Ahora tenemos que crear esos archivos de zona y añadir entradas para todas nuestros equipos:

Configuración DJBDNS
There are currently some third-party patches to DJBDNS available at http://www.fefe.de/dns/ that allow it to do IPv6 name serving. DJBDNS can be installed with these patches by emerging it with  in the USE variable.

After djbdns is installed, it can be setup by running and answering a few questions about which IP addresses to bind to, where to install tinydns, etc.

Assuming we've installed into, we can now edit. This file will contain all the data needed to get tinydns handling DNS for the IPv6 delegation.

Lines prefixed with a  will have both an AAAA and a PTR record created. Those prefixed with a  will only have an AAAA record created. Besides manually editing the file, it is possible to use the scripts  and  to add new entries. After changes are made to the file, simply run   from. This will create, which tinydns will use as its source of information for DNS requests.

Configurar el enrutamiento
Si queremos que nuestro sistema funcione como enrutador para otros clientes que quieran conectarse al mundo exterior con IPv6, se necesita continuar con la configuración. Necesitamos activar el reenvío de paquetes IPv6. Podemos hacerlo de dos maneras.


 * Either we set the value 1 in the forwarding pseudo-file:




 * Or we use the command:



To enable forwarding at boot, edit and add the following line.

Ahora el tráfico debería ser reenviado desde esta máquina a través del túnel establecido con nuestro gestor.

Para asignar direcciones IPv6 a los clientes, la especificación IPv6 permite tanto la asignación sin estado y con estado. La asignación sin estado usa un proceso llamado anuncio de enrutador (Router Advertisement) y permite a los clientes obtener una dirección IP y una ruta predeterminada simplemente habilitando el dispositivo de red. Se denomina "sin estado" porque no se guarda ningún registro del estado de las IPs asignadas ni de los equipos a las cuales se asignan. La asignación 'con estado' se gestiona mediante DHCPv6. Se llama "con estado" porque el servidor conserva el estado de los clientes que han solicitado direcciones IP y las que han obtenido.

Stateless configuration
Stateless configuration is easily accomplished using the Router Advertisement Daemon, or :

After having emerged, we need to create that contains information about what IP block to assign IPs from. Here is a sample file using the prefix we've been assigned from our tunnel broker.

Further information is available in. We can now start and set it to start at boot.

Stateful configuration
To have a stateful configuration, install and configure.

Ahora debemos configurar el cliente dibbler modificando el archivo.

Ahora podemos arrancar el cliente dibbler y configurarlo para que se arranque en cada inicio.

Usar radvd
Clients behind this router should now be able to connect to the rest of the net via IPv6. If using radvd, configuring hosts should be as easy as bringing the interface up. (This is probably already done by the net.ethX init scripts).

Should this not work ensure that the IPv6 firewall is allowing ICMPv6 packets through:

External resources
There are many excellent resources online pertaining to IPv6.


 * www.ipv6.org - General IPv6 information
 * www.linux-ipv6.org/ - USAGI project
 * www.deepspace6.net - Linux/IPv6 site
 * www.kame.net - *BSD implementation

On IRC, try the channel on Freenode. Connect to the Freenode servers using an IPv6 enabled client by connecting to irc.ipv6.freenode.net.