BIOS Update/zh-cn

硬件生产商经常会提供 BIOS 和其他固件的更新. 要安装（经常被称成为“刷新）这些更新并不很简单，有时需要一些额外的工作.

Gather firmware information
First find the motherboard's manufacturer and the model. Check the user manual that came with the system. Most of the needed information can be found in the user manual.

The package can be used to retrieve additional information on system hardware. dmidecode looks at the motherboard's DMI table in order to provide richer details about the firmware and hardware components.

Lastly, if physical access to the motherboard is possible, the required information may be found directly on the motherboard itself.

After searching for the manufacturer's firmware update, proceed to download the package necessary to update the hardware. It is normal for a manufacturer to store firmware update packages in .zip, .exe, or .iso format.

BIOS option
Many BIOSes have an option to read the new binary image from an external memory stick or floppy disk. Enter the BIOS setup and look for the option. If the BIOS does not support this, continue with the next section.

引导光盘
Often the manufacturer offers a CD-ROM image to download as a boot medium. The file should have an file extension which should be properly burned to an empty CD-R(W). One of the tools that supports this is cdrecord:

Choose from the BIOS boot menu to boot from CD and follow the instructions on the manufacturers website or in the user manual.

FreeDOS environment
FreeDOS can be used to run DOS-based BIOS update utilities. A "custom" FreeDOS image which includes the necessary BIOS tools must be created. After the custom image has been generated, boot the image via one of the methods shown below.

下载 FreeDOS 和工具:


 * FreeDOS - Download the file.
 * FreeDOS bootsector - Download the file.
 * The DOS-Flash program and new BIOS from the manufacturers website.

Create a custom FreeDOS image
First download the required software and enable the loopback device in the kernel:

If the module has not been loaded use modprobe to load it:

Install the required software:

Create an image file of ~20MB using the dd command. The name needs to be when replacing the one on the SystemRescueCD):

为镜像创建文件系统：

将 bootsector 写入镜像文件：

Now copy the FreeDOS files to the new image.

Create the mountpoints:

挂载原来的镜像：

挂载新的镜像：

Copy the FreeDOS system files to the new image:

Now copy the flash program and the new BIOS to the image file:

卸载两个镜像：

使用 SystemRescueCD 启动 FreeDOS
The SystemRescueCD comes with a version of FreeDOS. This version can replace the original image and create a bootable memory stick which contains the needed programs to flash the firmware.

下载 SystemRescueCD 并准备 LiveUSB

 * SystemRescueCD - Download the normal ISO image.

Create a bootable memory stick
Use the default method to create the SystemRescueCD boot medium, the script will provide guidance through the installation.

在 下创建目录:

挂载 CD 镜像：

运行安装脚本：

卸载 CD 镜像:

替换 FreeDOS 镜像
It is time to replace the original FreeDOS image on the SystemRescueCD memory stick.

Mount the SystemRescueCD memory stick ( needs to be replaced by the device name of the memory stick):

替换 文件：

卸载 SytemRescueCD 记忆棒：

在 GRUB 中直接启动 FreeDOS 镜像
To boot FreeDOS without any external media use the memdisk tool from syslinux to allow grub (or another bootloader) to boot the FreeDOS image directly.

Mount the partition (if needed):

Copy the memdisk binary and the newly built FreeDOS image to :

编辑 文件， 给FreeDOS添加一条：

BIOS update
Restart and choose to boot from the USB memory stick or the new grub entry. When using SystemRescueCD, in the GRUB command line type:

This should boot into the new FreeDOS image. The DOS prompt should appear:

Now start the BIOS update by following the manufacturers instructions. Some useful commands in DOS:


 * cd 
 * Change to the directory.


 * dir
 * List the files in the current directory.


 * type </tt>
 * Display the contents of a file.

Flashrom
Some motherboards can support flashing (via the package) directly from the system. In this case the only needed component is the BIOS image. Before continuing this path, first check the list of supported hardware.

If the hardware is supported, verify the new BIOS image:

If everything checks out, then flash it:

参考

 * Bootable DOS USB stick