Kernel/Overview/es

Este documento le ofrece un resumen de todos los fuentes del núcleo que ofrece Gentoo a través de Portage.

Introducción
Como cualquier otra cosa en Gentoo Linux, la filosofía del equipo del Núcleo de Gentoo es ofrecerle al usuario tanta libertad para escoger como sea posible. Si echa un vistazo a la salida de, verá una gran variedad de núcleos entre los que escoger. En este documento intentaré darle una breve descripción de las metas de cada conjunto de parches que diseñamos en Gentoo y también explicar otras fuentes del núcleo disponibles.

genkernel
es un conjunto de herramientas que se puede utilizar para detectar automáticamente su hardware y configurar su núcleo automáticamente. Esto normalmente se recomienda a los usuarios a los que no les gusta compilar un núcleo de forma manual.

Para más información, por favor, lea la Guía de Genkernel de Gentoo Linux.

Para uso general: gentoo-sources
Para la mayoría de los usuarios, recomendamos el núcleo. Los fuentes  están basados en un núcleo Linux 3.x, ligeramente parcheado para corregir problemas de seguridad, errores y para incrementar la compatibilidad con las arquitecturas de sistema menos comunes.

El paquete  absorbe la mayoría de los recursos del equipo del núcleo de Gentoo. Son el producto de desarrolladores perspicaces que además cuentan con los conocimientos del popular hacker del núcleo Greg Kroah-Hartman, mantenedor de udev y responsable de los subsistemas USB y PCI del núcleo oficial Linux.

Para servidores: hardened-sources
El núcleo  está basado en el núcleo Linux oficial y está dirigido a nuestros usuarios que corren Gentoo en servidores. Ofrece parches para la mayoría de los subproyectos de Gentoo Hardened (tales como el soporte para SELinux y grsecurity) junto a mejoras de estabilidad y seguridad. Eche un vistazo a http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/hardened/ para obtener más información.

ck-sources
El núcleo  es el conjunto de parches de Con Kolivas. Este conjunto de parches es diseñado primordialmente para mejorar la respuesta del sistema y la interactividad del mismo y es configurable para varias cargas de trabajo (desde servidores a equipos de escritorio). Este conjunto de parches incluye un planificador de tares diferente, BFS, diseñado para promover buen tiempo de respuesta, sin sobresaltos, aún cuando estén bajo cargas pesadas. Dispone de soporte e información en http://kernel.kolivas.org y en el canal  en.

git-sources
The  package tracks daily snapshots of the upstream development kernel tree. You should run these kernels if you are interested in kernel development or testing. Bugreports should go to the Linux Kernel Bug Tracker or LKML (Linux Kernel Mailing List).

Architecture dependent kernels
and are, as their names suggest, patched to run best on specific architectures. They also contain some of the patches for hardware and features support from the other patch sets mentioned above and below.

Unsupported kernel packages
Now I'm going to try to briefly describe some of the other which you saw scroll by when you ran. Let's take them in alphabetical order. These kernels are provided as a courtesy only and the various patch sets are not supported by the Gentoo kernel team.

pf-sources
The  kernel brings together parts of several different kernel patches. It includes the BFS patchset from , the   patches, LinuxIMQ , and the BFQ I/O scheduler.

openvz-sources
OpenVZ is a server virtualization solution built on Linux. OpenVZ creates isolated, secure virtual private servers (VPSs) or virtual environments on a single physical server enabling better server utilization and ensuring that applications do not conflict. For more information, see http://www.openvz.org.

tuxonice-sources
The  (formerly   ) are patched with both genpatches which includes the patches found in gentoo-sources, and TuxOnIce which is an improved implementation of suspend-to-disk for the Linux kernel, formerly known as suspend2.

This kernel is recommended for laptop users who often rely on being able to suspend their laptop and resume work elsewhere.

usermode-sources
are the User Mode Linux kernel patches. This kernel is designed to allow Linux to run within Linux to run within Linux to ... User Mode Linux is intended for testing and virtual server support. For more information about this amazing tribute to the stability and scalability of Linux, seehttp://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net.

For more information on UML and Gentoo, read the Gentoo UML Guide.

vanilla-sources
The next kernel sources that many of you will probably be familiar with as Linux users are the. These are the official kernel sources released on http://www.kernel.org/. Please note that we do not patch these kernels at all - these are purely for people who wish to run a completely unmodified Linux kernel. We recommend that you use  instead.

Two versions of the kernel can be found under this package: 2.6 and 3.x.

aa-sources
was a heavily modified kernel with all kinds of patches. The upstream maintainer has stopped releasing kernel patchsets, this package was removed as it went out of date.

alpha-sources
was a 2.4 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the Alpha architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. Alpha users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

Architecture dependent kernels
was a 2.6 kernel designed to run on the Sony PlayStation 3 game console.

development-sources
, the official 2.6 kernel from kernel.org, can now be found under the package.

gentoo-dev-sources
, a 2.6 kernel patched with bug, security and stability fixes, can now be found under the package.

grsec-sources
The  kernel source used to be patched with the latest grsecurity updates (grsecurity version 2.0 and up) which included, amongst other security-related patches, support for PaX. As grsecurity patches are included in , this package is no longer in Portage.

hardened-dev-sources
can now be found under the package.

hppa-sources
was a 2.6 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the HPPA architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. HPPA users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

mm-sources
The  were based on the   and contained Andrew Morton's patch set. They includde the experimental and bleeding-edge features that were going to be included in the official kernel (or that were going to be rejected because they set your box on fire). They were known to be always moving at a fast pace and can change radically from one week to the other; kernel hackers used them as a testing ground for highly experimental new stuff.

rsbac-dev-sources
The  kernels can now be found under the   package.

rsbac-sources
was a 2.6-based kernel. It contained patches to use Rule Set Based Access Controls (RSBAC ). It has been removed due to lack of maintainers. Use if you need additional security features.

selinux-sources
, a 2.4 kernel including lots of security enhancements, has been obsoleted by security development in the 2.6 tree. SELinux functionality can be found in the package.

sh-sources
was a 2.6 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the SuperH architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. SuperH users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

sparc-sources
was a 2.4 kernel with patches applied to improve hardware compatibility for the SPARC architecture. These patches have been developed and included in the mainline kernel. SPARC users can now run any recent kernel with no need for extra patches.

uclinux-sources
The  are meant for CPUs without MMUs as well as embedded devices. For more information, see http://www.uclinux.org. Lack of security patches as well as hardware to test on were the reasons this is no longer in the tree.

win4lin-sources
were patched to support the userland win4lin tools that allow Linux users to run many Microsoft Windows (TM) applications at almost native speeds. This was removed due to security issues.

xen-sources
was a 2.6-based kernel that allowed running multiple operating systems on a single physical system. You can create virtual environments in which one or more guest operating systems run on aXen -powered host operating system.

The  patches were incorporated into the mainline Linux kernel as of version 3.0.

For more information on Xen and Gentoo, read the Gentoo Xen Guide.

zen-sources
was designed for desktop systems. It included code not found in the mainline kernel. The zen kernel had patches that added new features, supported additional hardware, and contained various tweaks for desktops.

Agradecimientos
Nos gustaría dar las gracias a los siguientes autores y editores por sus contribuciones a esta guía:


 * Sven Vermeulen
 * Brandon Low
 * Daniel Drake
 * Carl Anderson
 * Jorge Paulo
 * Benny Chuang
 * Gregorio Guidi
 * Shyam Mani
 * Joshua Saddler