CD/DVD/BD writing

This article describes command line with the or  packages]].

Kernel
Configure the kernel to support the filesystems necessary for reading and writing ISO disks.

Emerge
Follow the CDROM page for hardware driver kernel configuration, along with including UDF write support.

Install the or  packages, for writing CD/DVD/BD media:

Or:

For UDF writing, ensure included the above mentioned UDF kernel drivers and the following package:

Best practice is to use read write (RW/RE) media for testing writing ISO9660/UDF filesystem images. If a command fails to work, or the hardware or media fails, you can try again.

Usage
Usage for the ISO9660/UDF filesystem.

Determine the size of media
First, find the maximum size the media can contain.

Or 24438784*2KB = 48877568 KB for 50GB BD-R DL (Blu-ray dual layer) media.

Or you can use the following with disabling defect management:

Create and populate filesystem
Create either a ISO9660 or a UDF filesystem. Microsoft Windows uses lvid for optical media title:

Mount the filesystem:

Populate filesystem:

Verify proper permissions are preserved:

CD-RW media
CD-RW media requires the packet device driver and starting the service and the following line within /etc/fstab:

DVD/Blu-ray (RW/RE) media
DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and Blu-ray Recordable Erasable (BD-RE) media can be easily written by simply mounting the media and writing to the media as a normal filesystem, as these devices and media allow random writing, versus CD-RW only allowing sequential writing.

The following simply automates writing a ISO9660 by piping to mkisofs, then writing.

The commands mkisofs/growisofs provide the "-udf" option for writing a bridged/hybrid ISO9660/UDF filesystem. This option may waste disc space, upwards of 483,328 bytes or sectors 20-256. See mkisofs "-UDF" option.

Verify write session:

BD defect management
By default uses defect management which requires 256MB extra space and uses reduced write speeds. This may be disabled via:

The only reason for disabiling defect management, is for writing maximum possible size of the media, and typically unwise.

UDF Direct Writing
For writing, modifying, removing files to/from UDF filesystem mounted DVD and Bluray media, users only require the common cp and rm tools.

Linux kernel requirements, compile without pktcdvd or blacklist the module for avoiding conflicts, include the usual SCSI related drivers for the optical drive and enable the UDF fileystem driver. Verify and/or recompile, reboot as needed.

First, insert a blank DVD/BD rewritable disc:

(FIXME: The option "--media-type" may not be required and possibly auto detected.)

Then, mount the filesystem:

From here, the UDF filesystem mounted disc can be used as a normal writable mount.

Finally, verify any write operations:

If needed, monitor /var/log/messages for mounting/write operations.

If drive operations are excessively slow or delayed, use "dvd+rw-format -lead-out" for improving disc compatibility. Read dvd+rw-format author/maintainer's website notes. Also if possible, specifying the booktype via dvd+rw-booktype may help but is untested here as of writing this.

UDF Image Writing
Atypically, an alternative to write within the limits of the DVD/BD media's size limitations:

If the above truncate with 25GB/50GB, specifying the top limits of BD media, has been used, disable Defect Management requiring 256MB extra space: