VDR/es

Este artículo contiene instruciones acerca de cómo preparar Gentoo Linux para DVB y VDR.

¿Qué es DVB?
DVB es el acrónimo de Digital Video Broadcasting (Difusión de Vídeo Digital). DVB describe métodos para transferir información digital de TV, radio, servicios interactivos como MHP, EPG y teletexto. Usando compresión de datos MPEG-2 o H.264 para HDTV es posible transferir varios canales en la misma frecuencia. A mayor compresión de datos, mayor número de canales que se pueden transferir, sin embargo se paga una pérdida de la calidad.

DVB puede transferirse de varias formas. La última letra identifica el método de transferencia, por ejemplo, DVB-T< para transmisiones terrestres. Existen otros tipos:


 * DVB-S para transmisión vía satélite.
 * DVB-C para transmisión por cable.
 * DVB-H para transmisión a dispositivos móviles (terrestres).
 * DVB-IPI para transmisión sobre redes IP, por ejemplo Internet.
 * DVB-RC(S/C/T) canal de retorno para la transmisión de servicios de datos, por ejemplo Internet de banda ancha.

Tipos y requerimientos de tarjetas DVB
Además de los diferentes métodos existentes para recibir un stream DVB, las tarjetas se clasifican por el tipo de salida producida. Hay tarjetas con decodificador implementado que ofrece acceso directo al stream por medio del dispositivo. Estas tarjetas son tarjetas completas (full featured). Otras tarjetas no tienen decodificador, requieren un software instalado en el ordenador y son de bajo coste. Esto implica mayores requisitos del sistema. La CPU del ordenador debe funcionar al menos a 600 MHz y disponer de al menos de 256MB de RAM. Esta lista puede ser útil para identificar la tarjeta.

Configurar el núcleo
En primer lugar, debe asegurarse de que el núcleo ofrece soporte para DVB y el dispositivo DVB instalado. Desde la versión 2.6 los controladores necesarios están incluidos. Compruebe la configuración del núcleo y asegúrese de seleccionar las siguientes opciones como controladores estáticos o como módulos.

Adicionalmente seleccione el controlador adecuado para el hardware del sistema. Para encontrar el módulo adecuado para la tarjeta, se deben marcar todos los controladores como módulos. Se se utiliza una tarjeta PCI, entonces instale el paquete si no se ha instalado aún. Esto ofrecerá una herramienta útil llamada lspci. Para los controladores integrados o si no se dispone de una tarjeta PCI en el sistema, se debe saltar este paso y continuar en comprobar la salida del núcleo.

Después de arrancar desde el nuevo núcleo, lance pcimodules para listar los módulos requeridos.

In this case the module  needs to be loaded. Add the module's name to the file:

Comprobar la salida del núcleo
It is recommended to mark every driver as module, so that the required module can be added dynamically, especially if it is unclear at first which module should be added. If the module name is known then select the driver as a built-in driver. Compile the kernel, install the modules, and boot the new kernel. Verify the kernel has successfully detected the PCI card by using the dmesg utility.

If the system has a TerraTec Cinergy T2 card the output might look something like the following:

Instalar VDR
To install VDR simply emerge it:

Installing the remote control
There are at least two ways to control VDR via an infrared remote control. If the TV card has an onboard IR receiver then  can be used. Otherwise, use LIRC.

Instalar vdr-remote
Install the plugin via an emerge command:

When using the remote plugin for the IR port on a DVB card everything should be fine with the default configuration. It automatically uses the input device which has "dvb" in its name. For more advanced uses take a look at file.

Alternativa: instalar LIRC
If the card can be remotely controlled but managing it via  is not desired, then LIRC should be configured. LIRC interprets the pressed keys and returns a name for each one. A program that supports LIRC waits for key events and runs the action configured in the configuration file, mostly stored in the configuration directory of the executing program (e.g. mplayer loads the file ). Before LIRC is installed add  as a USE flag and add a special variable called   to  Use this list to find the proper arguments for the new  variable.

At start each key code must be defined with a name. Most supported remote controls are configured already, so take a look at the remote list. Download the required file and save it as. Now find out where to access the remote control. Run the following command to get a list of the current input devices (make sure the device is running).

In this case the Terratec Cinergy T2 device plugged in, so the device can be accessed over. Replace  with the matching device listed in the output.

lircd needs to know the device to use. Add the following line to the file. Remember to replace  with the name of the driver and   with the actual device:

Es el momento de arrancar lircd:

Now it should be possible to watch lircd capturing and decoding key presses. Run the irw</tt> command. Stop it by pressing + when enough keys have been pressed.

Next, add it to the default runlevel so that it starts automatically at boot time:

To be able to use the remote control, LIRC support must be enabled in VDR. Add the following line to the file:

Video output methods
Now decide on one (and only one) of the following video output devices which show the picture and the overlayed On Screen Display (OSD).

Decodificación Hardware: Tarjetas DVB completas (full featured)
Install when using an TechnoTrend Premium S2-6400 Twin HD, or general hardware decoding for SDTV and HDTV (MPEG2 and MPEG4 AVC/H.264):

Para Fujitsu_Siemens, Hauppage WinTV, TechnoTrend Premium S2300 y tarjetas basadas en este diseño de referencia o hardware de decodificación general para SDTV (MPEG1 y MPEG2):

Decodificación Hardware: Tarjetas DXR3/Hollywood+
To use a DXR3 card for VDR output the  plugin is needed:

El módulo em8300 necesita alguna configuración que depende de la revisión exacta de la tarjeta.

Decodificación Hardware: Tarjetas PVR350
Since PVR350 cards have an onboard MPEG-Decoder chip it should be used to its full potential. In order for this to happen the  plugin is needed. If  is not yet installed emerge should automatically install it. To have the  module loaded at boot time add it to the  list:

Decodificación Software: vdr-xineliboutput
Some people prefer to use, because it can work remotely. Follow the next set of instructions to configure  on a host and client. First, the host setup:

Adding command line options at this point is crucial for xineliboutput to work. For more options, see vdr --help</tt>.

El siguiente paso es editar. Este fichero describe un número de direcciones de servidor a las cuales está permitido conectarse al puerto SVDRP del grabador del disco de vídeo que se está ejecutando en el sistema servidor.

When using  to view the picture on the same computer as the one running VDR it is now possible to continue with.

Otherwise, simply emerge</tt> on the client:

Later (after having started VDR) the vdr-sxfe xvdr://hostname</tt> command can be used to connect to the VDR and view its picture and OSD.

Creating a channel list
To make VDR really useful an appropriate channel list must be created. There is more than one way to get a working list of channels (besides downloading one). The channel list installed by default is for DVB-S reception on Astra on 19.2° E.

Usar dvbscan desde linuxtv-dvb-apps
Find the correct frequency list for region and type of reception of interest. These files are stored under. For reception with DVB-T in Germany, Berlin should be used:

Usar vdr-reelchannelscan
First, delete the contents of the existing channel list:

Canales para sistemas con vdr-analogtv
It is a good idea to configure channels at this point. The VDR project provides users with some examples which can be found at, as long as  and up has been installed.

Arrancar VDR
After having all basic software parts ready on the system the VDR with its OSD must be configured.

If a hardware decoder for picture output is used, then the connected TV should be turned on. When using software output the client for this must be started after VDR.

First, learn the key definitions; that is, connecting keys on the remote control to VDR's internal commands.

Comenzamos arrancando VDR:

Para los usuarios de vdr-softdevice:

Para los usuarios de vdr-xineliboutput:

Las teclas más útiles para VDR son:


 * Teclas del cursor (Izquierda/Derecha/Arriba/Abajo)
 * Menu/Salir/Ok
 * Colores (Rojo/Verde/Amarillo/Azul)
 * Teclas numéricas (0-9)

Now that the basic installation is over it is time to configure VDR. Switch to the output screen and follow the on-screen instructions. VDR asks the user to press various keys on the remote control so it can learn the correct key codes. If a remote control is not present, then the keyboard can be used as an alternative.

Now add the VDR init script to the default runlevel to get it started each time the computer boots:

Solución de problemas
If help is needed feel free to ask someone in #gentoo-vdr, or look around on the Gentoo forums