Power management/Guide/ja

近年は電力管理が、完全なラップトップを探求する際の判断基準のひとつになっています. しかしながらオペレーティングシステムは、さまざまな省電力機能もサポートしなければなりません. このガイドでは、電力の少ないリソースでも柔軟にかつ自動的な方法で管理する Gentoo 環境のセットアップ方法を示します.

この文書について
この文書では、あなたのラップトップに電力管理機能をセットアップする方法を説明しています. このガイドのいくつかの情報は、サーバの電力管理にも当てはまるかもしれません. しかしこの文書はそのような場合を意図していませんので、このガイドをラップトップシステム以外に当てはめる際には留意してください.

この文書中では、laptop mode tools について主に着目しています. 各機能が完全に揃っているからです. しかしながら個々の設定においては、より詳細なアプローチができるであろう他のツールにも言及しています. そのようなときには、laptop mode tools の機能を無効にして、双方のツールが同じリソースの制御を取り合わないようにしなければなりません.

laptop_mode について
の設定では、カーネル内のコンフィグレーション設定で、ディスクの回転を適切に抑える（また、要求された処理の直後すぐに始動しないようにする）入出力の最適化を行います.

laptop-mode-tools について
Laptop Mode Tools は、ソフトウェアパッケージ で、ユーザは省電力機能を最適化することができます. Linux カーネル内の の設定を管理することができますし、システムの電力関連設定を調整するその他の機能も利用することができます.

最小限のカーネルセットアップ
There are different kernel sources in Portage. We recommend using , but if you want advanced hibernation support you might need. To enable proper power management features in the Linux kernel, enable at least the following settings:

Don't forget to enable the CPU frequency scaling driver for your CPU, located right after the ACPI Processor P-States driver mentioned above.

Build and install the new kernel (if necessary) and reboot.

インストール
It comes to no surprise that installation of the Laptop Mode Tools software is easily done through. However, this package takes on additional, optional settings through USE flag configuration. So let's first take a look at the supported USE flags and what they mean to the package.

As you can see, there are two USE flags that seem to collide:  and. So what's the deal there?


 * The  USE flag enables support for Advanced Power Management, an older (before year 2000) standard for power management features within a system.
 * The  USE flag enables support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, the successor of APM. All modern laptops support ACPI.

Depending on your system, you will either need  or   set. In the remainder of this guide, we assume that your laptop is recent enough to use ACPI.

So, with the USE flags set, let's install.

設定
Having  installed on your system does not automatically enable the power management features that you might need. To configure the package, first take a look at. This is the main configuration file for the package and is pretty well described (through comments).

But it is not the only configuration file to work with. The Laptop Mode Tools package supports plugins (or modules) which have their own configuration file(s). These files are located in and are named after the module they represent (such as  ).

Now, one of the important settings in each configuration file is if the Laptop Mode Tools package should govern a particular setting or not. This is important when you want to combine  with other services like. In this example case, you will need to set  :

The next few sections will help you configure  to suit your needs. When you are finished, start the  service and make sure it is started when you boot up your system.

laptop-mode-tools はどのように動作するのか
When running the  service, the software will check in which state your system is in. The states are defined as:


 * Battery, which is active when the system is running on battery power; the configuration files use the  prefix for settings related to this state
 * AC, which is active when the system is running on AC power; the configuration files use the  prefix for settings related to this state
 * Laptop Mode, which is active when laptop mode is enabled; the configuration files use the  prefix for settings related to this state
 * No Laptop Mode, which is active when laptop mode is disabled; the configuration files use the  prefix for settings related to this state

The  and   prefixes can be combined (so you can have a   prefix).

When the  service is started, it will switch modes based on events that occur (and of course based on the configuration settings). For instance, the setting  will make sure that the laptop mode tools switch to laptop mode when battery power is used. If that is the case, then the settings starting with ,   ,   and   will be used.

To make sure settings to not collide, it is not allowed to have overlapping settings. In the next example, the first set (for  ) is valid, but the second one (for   ) isn't.

Colliding settings

CPU 周波数管理の設定
The support for CPU frequency management in the laptop mode tools allows switching frequencies. It supports setting the CPU frequency governor, minimum frequency and maximum frequency. The configuration file used here is.

The CPU frequency governor is a kernel-level policy that defines how the kernel will select the CPU frequency. We already selected the governors we want to use in the kernel configuration earlier. Let's recap:


 * always picks the highest frequency
 * always picks the lowest frequency
 * does not pick anything, but let the user decide (or any process that the user is running that will decide for the user)
 * will scale the CPU frequency up to the highest frequency when load is available
 * will scale the CPU frequency up gradually when load is available

When switching between AC or battery, or (no) laptop mode, the appropriate governor (as well as its minimum and maximum frequency) is selected.

ディスプレイの明るさの設定
With, you can have the laptop mode tools govern the brightness of your LCD screen.

The file currently uses the  file (bug 499544) to set brightness values. Recent kernels do not provide this anymore - you will need to adjust this to instead.

The values you can use are between 0 and 15, with 0 being the lowest brightness value.

その他のサービスを設定する
An interesting feature of  is to support reloading particular services (like the system logger) after switching its configuration file. This is handled through.

If enabled, the  application will switch the configuration file(s) of the mentioned services with the same file, but suffixed with ,  or. It willl then signal or reload the appropriate services so they can use the new configuration file.

インストール
The  application allows you to manage CPU frequencies in a more granular approach then what   supports. But before we dive into the installation of , let's first look at the USE flags it supports.

The USE flags ,   and   overlap, so you should only have one active. If your laptop is sufficiently recent,  is your best bet. If not,  offers all that is needed. When even APM isn't supported, you can try.

With the USE flags configured, it is time to install.

設定
The  application monitors the status of the system through several plugins. Based on the feedback it receives from those plugins, it will adjust the policy used to govern the CPU frequency.

can be configured by editing. It contains three different sections:


 * 1) The   section contains general configuration information
 * 2) The   section defines the policies that the   daemon can switch to. The section is very similar to the information you use when manually setting the CPU frequency policy using.
 * 3) The   section is the work-horse of the   daemon, defining when the daemon decides to switch to a different profile.

Let's take a quick look at an example rule.

In the above example,  will switch the system to the On Demand High profile (also shown in the above excerpt). This profile by itself uses the  governor with a minimum frequency of 40% (iow, a CPU of 2Ghz will have by this policy a minimum frequency of 800Mhz).

As you can see, the  application can offer a more granular approach on CPU frequency scaling. But not only that, you can tweak the CPU frequency scaling based on various other metrics available. The default configuration offers a sample rule for when you watch a movie, where you want maximum performance, unless the CPU temperature is getting too high.

When you have configured , it is time to start it (and make sure the service is loaded automatically). Make sure that CPU frequency handling by other tools (like  ) is disabled!

ツール

 * Laptop Mode Tools Homepage, includes About laptop mode.
 * PowerTOP, an interactive application helping users to find out which processes are forcing wakeups on the CPU most often.

記事およびガイド

 * A ThinkWiki article on How to reduce power consumption (on Linux). This article offers an exhaustive list of measures one can take. However, it should be noted that the laptop mode tools implements the majority of these (if properly configured).

謝辞
このガイドに対する以下の作者及び編集者の貢献にお礼申しあげます.


 * swift