Handbook:AMD64/Blocks/Booting/pl

Uruchamianie medium instalacyjnego
Jak tylko medium instalacyjne jest gotowe, przychodzi czas na jego uruchomienie. Podłącz medium instalacyjne do komputera, uruchom go ponownie i przejdź do interfejsu użytkownika oprogramowania płyty głównej (np. BIOS). Najczęściej można to zrobić wciskając klawisze, , lub  podczas procesu POST (Power-On Self-Test). Klawisze te mogą się różnić w zależności od systemu i płyty głównej. Jeśli nie wiesz jaki to klawisz, skorzystaj z wyszukiwarki internetowej, używając nazwy modelu płyty głównej jako słowa kluczowego wyszukiwania. Wyniki powinny być łatwe do ustalenia. Po wejściu do menu oprogramowania płyty głównej, zmień kolejność uruchamiania tak, by zewnętrzne media rozruchowe (płyta CD/DVD lub dysk USB) były sprawdzane przed dyskami wewnętrznymi. Bez tej zmiany system najprawdopodobniej uruchomi ponownie dysk wewnętrzny, ignorując zewnętrzne media instalacyjne.

Upewnij się, że medium instalacyjne jest podłączone do komputera i uruchom go ponownie. Powinno zostać wyświetlone zapytanie rozruchowe. Na tym ekranie, klawisz rozpocznie proces uruchamiania systemu z domyślnymi opcjami uruchomieniowymi. Aby uruchomić medium instalacyjne z niestandardowymi opcjami uruchamiania, określ jądro wraz z opcjami uruchamiania i wciśnij klawisz.

Podczas zapytania o uruchomienie, użytkownicy posiadają możliwość wyświetlenia dostępnych jąder i opcji uruchamiania. Jeżeli nie dokonano wyboru w ciągu 15 sekund (wyświetlania informacji lub wyboru jądra), to medium instalacyjne przystąpi do uruchamiania z dysku. Pozwala to na uruchomienie zainstalowanego wcześniej środowiska z poziomu instalatora, bez potrzeby odłączania medium instalacyjnego (bardzo przydatne dla zdalnej instalacji).

Specifying a kernel was mentioned. On the Minimal installation media, only two predefined kernel boot options are provided. The default option is called. The other being the -nofb variant; this disables kernel framebuffer support.

Następna sekcja ukazuje krótki podgląd dostępnych jąder systemu Linux i ich opisy:

Wybór jądra

 * gentoo
 * Domyślne jądro z wsparciem dla procesorów K8 (włączając wsparcie dla NUMA) oraz procesorów EM64T.


 * gentoo-nofb
 * Tak jak gentoo ale bez wsparcia dla framebuffera.


 * memtest86
 * Testowanie lokalnej pamięci RAM pod kątem błędów.

Alongside the kernel, boot options help in tuning the boot process further.

Opcje sprzętowe

 * acpi=on
 * This loads support for ACPI and also causes the acpid daemon to be started by the CD on boot. This is only needed if the system requires ACPI to function properly. This is not required for Hyperthreading support.


 * acpi=off
 * Completely disables ACPI. This is useful on some older systems and is also a requirement for using APM. This will disable any Hyperthreading support of your processor.


 * console=X
 * This sets up serial console access for the CD. The first option is the device, usually ttyS0 on x86, followed by any connection options, which are comma separated. The default options are 9600,8,n,1.


 * dmraid=X
 * This allows for passing options to the device-mapper RAID subsystem. Options should be encapsulated in quotes.


 * doapm
 * This loads APM driver support. This also requires that.


 * dopcmcia
 * This loads support for PCMCIA and Cardbus hardware and also causes the pcmcia cardmgr to be started by the CD on boot. This is only required when booting from PCMCIA/Cardbus devices.


 * doscsi
 * This loads support for most SCSI controllers. This is also a requirement for booting most USB devices, as they use the SCSI subsystem of the kernel.


 * sda=stroke
 * This allows the user to partition the whole hard disk even when the BIOS is unable to handle large disks. This option is only used on machines with an older BIOS. Replace sda with the device that requires this option.


 * ide=nodma
 * This forces the disabling of DMA in the kernel and is required by some IDE chipsets and also by some CDROM drives. If the system is having trouble reading from the IDE CDROM, try this option. This also disables the default hdparm settings from being executed.


 * noapic
 * This disables the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller that is present on newer motherboards. It has been known to cause some problems on older hardware.


 * nodetect
 * This disables all of the autodetection done by the CD, including device autodetection and DHCP probing. This is useful for doing debugging of a failing CD or driver.


 * nodhcp
 * This disables DHCP probing on detected network cards. This is useful on networks with only static addresses.


 * nodmraid
 * Disables support for device-mapper RAID, such as that used for on-board IDE/SATA RAID controllers.


 * nofirewire
 * This disables the loading of Firewire modules. This should only be necessary if your Firewire hardware is causing a problem with booting the CD.


 * nogpm
 * This disables gpm console mouse support.


 * nohotplug
 * This disables the loading of the hotplug and coldplug init scripts at boot. This is useful for doing debugging of a failing CD or driver.


 * nokeymap
 * This disables the keymap selection used to select non-US keyboard layouts.


 * nolapic
 * This disables the local APIC on Uniprocessor kernels.


 * nosata
 * This disables the loading of Serial ATA modules. This is used if the system is having problems with the SATA subsystem.


 * nosmp
 * This disables SMP, or Symmetric Multiprocessing, on SMP-enabled kernels. This is useful for debugging SMP-related issues with certain drivers and motherboards.


 * nosound
 * This disables sound support and volume setting. This is useful for systems where sound support causes problems.


 * nousb
 * This disables the autoloading of USB modules. This is useful for debugging USB issues.


 * slowusb
 * This adds some extra pauses into the boot process for slow USB CDROMs, like in the IBM BladeCenter.

Zarządzanie logicznym woluminem/urządzeniem

 * dolvm
 * Umożliwia obsługę zarządzania wolumenami logicznymi Linuksa (LVM).

Inne opcje

 * debug
 * Enables debugging code. This might get messy, as it displays a lot of data to the screen.


 * docache
 * This caches the entire runtime portion of the CD into RAM, which allows the user to umount and mount another CDROM. This option requires that there is at least twice as much available RAM as the size of the CD.


 * doload=X
 * This causes the initial ramdisk to load any module listed, as well as dependencies. Replace X with the module name. Multiple modules can be specified by a comma-separated list.


 * dosshd
 * Starts sshd on boot, which is useful for unattended installs.


 * passwd=foo
 * Sets whatever follows the equals as the root password, which is required for dosshd since the root password is by default scrambled.


 * noload=X
 * This causes the initial ramdisk to skip the loading of a specific module that may be causing a problem. Syntax matches that of doload.


 * nonfs
 * Disables the starting of portmap/nfsmount on boot.


 * nox
 * This causes an X-enabled LiveCD to not automatically start X, but rather, to drop to the command line instead.


 * scandelay
 * This causes the CD to pause for 10 seconds during certain portions the boot process to allow for devices that are slow to initialize to be ready for use.


 * scandelay=X
 * This allows the user to specify a given delay, in seconds, to be added to certain portions of the boot process to allow for devices that are slow to initialize to be ready for use. Replace X with the number of seconds to pause.

Teraz uruchom system z nośnika, wybierz jądro (jeżeli domyślne nie spełnia oczekiwań) i opcje uruchomienia. Jako przykład uruchomimy jądro, z parametrem :

Next the user will be greeted with a boot screen and progress bar. If the installation is done on a system with a non-US keyboard, make sure to immediately press + to switch to verbose mode and follow the prompt. If no selection is made in 10 seconds the default (US keyboard) will be accepted and the boot process will continue. Once the boot process completes, the user is automatically logged in to the "Live" Gentoo Linux environment as the root user, the super user. A root prompt is displayed on the current console, and one can switch to other consoles by pressing +, + and +. Get back to the one started on by pressing +.