Portage

Portage is the official package management and distribution system for Gentoo. It essentially functions as the heart of Gentoo-based operating systems. Portage includes many commands for repository and package management, the primary of which is the command.

Installation
All Gentoo installations come with Portage. Like all data, there is a possibility Portage can become corrupted or even uninstalled, which is very bad. If this is the case there are ways Portage can be recovered, however Portage re-installation can be quite the hassle. It becomes a work of manual labor: installing a package manager without a package manager.

Binary package
Have a friend or a build server build a Portage binary package, then boot a recovery disk and transfer the binary package to the broken machine. This could be done using the  Portage feature on a healthy machine or by using the  command (see the binary package guide). Portage will be needed in to order to install the binary package, however it is possible to run something off a virtual machine:


 * 1) Boot up a LiveDVD/CD that has Portage included (Gentoo LiveDVDs or SystemRescueCD should contain Portage). Remove the old or broken Portage and reinstall install Portage to the mounted root filesystem (potentially the fastest and easiest option in the case of a fast internet connection and available CDs/DVDs). For example, if the root file system with broken Portage was mounted at the following commands could be used from a live environment.
 * 2) Change all of Portage's relevant environment variables to be set to the Portage directory of the mounted root filesystem. If the broken Portage root directory is mounted at, the command would look like this:
 * 3) Run the command in order to remove any traces of the old broken Portage package:
 * 4) Sync the Portage Tree in case the system is a bit behind on the current Portage tree:
 * 5) Install the new version of Portage:

Tarball
Manually download a copy of a recent Portage release tarball, extract it, and manually install it:

Install via :

If they do not exist, add the following lines into the following files:

Create the directory if it does not exist:

Updating
In order for Gentoo to stay up to date, Portage must stay up to date. If the following message is visible after an, it is important to do what the text says before updating other packages.

This will tell Portage to exclusively update itself. After Portage has been updated, users can then update other packages.

Files
There are many files used to configure Portage.

See /etc/portage configuration files for an exhaustive list of configuration files.

Environment variables
Portage pays attention to some environment variables:

Overlays
In addition to the official repository (colloquially known as the "Portage Tree" because of its traditional placement in ), there are additional repositories which in Gentoo called overlays.


 * Users' guide to Gentoo overlays
 * Layman homepage
 * Browse overlays

It is possible to search through the ebuilds available in the overlays on http://overlays.gentoo.org/ by using the eix tool.

GUI front-ends
There are a few GUI interfaces that exist for Portage, although some of them have become unmaintained.

ebuild
See the ebuild article.

egencache
See the egencache article for additional information.

emaint
See Project:Portage/Sync and man 1 emaint.

emerge
is the command-line interface to Portage and is how most users will interact with Portage. The command has many possible options. For a complete list of all options see its man page:

Below is an exemplary invocation of. The options are shortcuts for ,   and. They trigger to ask before proceeding, display the dependency tree of packages to be installed, and to be verbose with its output. While in the context of Portage, the term "package" can also be referred to as an "atom." Do not be confused if you see the term "atom" used instead of the term "package."

Common invocations
Search for packages with proxy in their names:

Search for packages with proxy in their names or description:

Install the package with   and   options for precaution:

Remove the package using the dependency sensitive   option instead of   which may remove important packages:

quickpkg
See the Binary package guide for more information.

repoman
See the repoman article for additional information.