NVIDIA/nvidia-drivers/ko

Article description::The package contains the proprietary graphics driver for NVIDIA graphic cards. An open source alternative is nouveau.

This proprietary driver contains some wrapper functions that will compile against the Linux kernel and a binary blob that does the heavy lifting for talking to the card. The driver consists of two parts: a kernel module and an X11 driver. Both parts are included in a single package. Due to the way the drivers are packaged, it is necessary to make some choices before installing the drivers.

The package contains the latest drivers from NVIDIA with support for most NVIDIA graphic cards, with several versions available depending on the age of the card. It uses an eclass to detect what kind of card the system is running so that it installs the proper version.

하드웨어 호환성
The package supports a range of available NVIDIA cards. Multiple versions are available for installation, depending on the card(s) that the system has. See the official NVIDIA documentation, What's a legacy driver?, to find out what version of should be used. A pretty decent way to find this out through an interactive form. Enter the graphics card that is used by the system (mind the Legacy option in the 'Product Type' field) and the form should end up with the best supported version.

가지고 있는 카드가 구형 카드임을 확인했다면 의 최근 릴리즈를 가려야 합니다. 예를 들자면:

젠투에서는 71.86.xx 버전을 제공하지 않음을 참고하십시오. 이 드라이버가 필요하다면 nouveau 드라이버를 사용하시는것이 낫습니다.

Kernel
As mentioned above, the NVIDIA kernel driver installs and runs against the current kernel. It builds as a module, so the kernel must support the loading of kernel modules (see below).

The kernel module consists of a proprietary part (commonly known as the "binary blob") which drives the graphics chip(s), and an open source part (the "glue") which at runtime acts as intermediary between the proprietary part and the kernel. These all need to work nicely together as otherwise the user might be faced with data loss (through kernel panics, X servers crashing with unsaved data in X applications) and even hardware failure (overheating and other power management related issues should spring to mind).

Kernel compatibility
때때로 새 커널 릴리스에는 드라이버에 대한 내부 ABI가 바뀌는데, 모든 드라이버가 이 ABI를 사용하도록 즉시 바꾸어야 합니다. 오픈소스 드라이버에서는 특히 커널에 배포하는 드라이버의 경우 드라이버간의 호출 매개를 연결하는 전체적인 부분을 수정해야 함은 자명한 사실이며 커널의 다른 부분은 쉽게 검토해볼 수 있습니다. nvidia.ko와 같은 상업용 드라이버는 조금 다르게 동작합니다. 내부 ABI가 바뀌면 "붙어 있는 요소"를 거의 수정할 수 없는데 상업 코드 부분에서 사용하는 고착 부분을 어떻게 활용하는지 알 수 없기 때문입니다. 심지어 그럴싸하게 동작하도록 패치하고 난 후 지원하지 않는 새 커널에서 위험을 감수해가며 nvidia.ko를 실행하면, 데이터를 잃을 수 있고, 하드웨어가 망가질 수 있습니다.

When a new, incompatible kernel version is released, it is probably best to stick with the newest supported kernel for a while. NVIDIA usually takes a few weeks to prepare a new proprietary release they think is fit for general use. Just be patient. If absolutely necessary, then it is possible to use the epatch_user command with the nvidia-drivers ebuilds: this allows the user to patch nvidia-drivers to somehow fit in with the latest, unsupported kernel release. Do note that neither the nvidia-drivers maintainers nor NVIDIA will support this situation. The hardware warranty will most likely be void, Gentoo's maintainers cannot begin to fix the issues since it's a proprietary driver that only NVIDIA can properly debug, and the kernel maintainers (both Gentoo's and upstream) will certainly not support proprietary drivers, or indeed any "tainted" system that happens to run into trouble.

If was used to configure the kernel, then everything is all set. If not, double check the kernel configuration so that this support is enabled:

커널에서 Memory Type Range Register도 활성화해야 합니다:

If the system has an AGP graphics card, then optionally enable agpgart support to the kernel, either compiled in or as a module. If the in-kernel agpgart module is not used, then the drivers will use its own agpgart implementation, called NvAGP. On certain systems, this performs better than the in-kernel agpgart, and on others, it performs worse. Evaluate either choice on the system to get the best performance. When uncertain what to do, use the in-kernel agpgart:

A framebuffer alternative is uvesafb, which can be installed parallel to.

For (U)EFI systems, uvesafb will not work. Be warned that enabling efifb support in kernel causes intermittent problems with the initialization of the NVIDIA drivers. There is no known alternative framebuffer for (U)EFI systems.

The nvidia-drivers ebuild automatically discovers the kernel version based on the symlink. Please ensure that this symlink is pointing to the correct sources and that the kernel is correctly configured. Please refer to the "Configuring the Kernel" section of the Gentoo Handbook for details on configuring the kernel.

First, choose the right kernel source using. When using version 3.7.10 for instance, the kernel listing might look something like this:

In the above output, notice that the linux-3.7.10-gentoo kernel is marked with an asterisk to show that it is the kernel that the symbolic link points to.

If the symlink is not pointing to the correct sources, update the link by selecting the number of the desired kernel sources, as in the example above.

Drivers
이제 드라이버를 설치할 차례입니다. 먼저 X서버 설정 안내서를 따른 후, 에  설정을 넣으십시오. 그러면 X 서버를 설치할 때 올바른 버전의 를 알아서 설치합니다.

Once the installation has finished, run to load the kernel module into memory. If this is an upgrade, remove the previous module first.

부팅할 때마다 모듈을 수동으로 하나하나 불러오는 일을 피하려 시스템을 매번 부팅할 때 자동으로 처리하려 할테니, 를 편집하여 를 추가하십시오.

Kernel module signing (optional)
If secure boot kernel signing is used, then the NVIDIA kernel modules need to be signed before they can be loaded.

This can be accomplished by using the kernel-provided script as follows.

As of driver version 358.09 a new module has been made to handle monitor mode setting and for this driver version this module must also be signed.

Once the modules are signed, the driver will load as expected on boot up. This module signing method can be used to sign other modules too - not only the nvidia-drivers. Just modify the path and corresponding module accordingly.

The X server
Once the appropriate drivers are installed, configure the X server to use the  driver instead of the default   driver.

Run so that the X server uses the NVIDIA GLX libraries:

Enabling global nvidia support
Some tools, such as and, use a local USE flag called   which enables XvMCNVIDIA support, useful when watching high resolution movies. Add in  in the USE variable in  or add it as USE flag to  and/or  in.

GeForce 8 series and later GPUs do come with VDPAU support which superseded XvMCNVIDIA support. See the VDPAU article for enabling VDPAU support.

There are also some applications that use the  USE flag, so it might be a good idea to add it to.

Then, run to rebuild the applications that benefit from the USE flag change.

Using the nVidia settings tool
NVIDIA also provides a settings tool. This tool allows the user to monitor and change graphical settings without restarting the X server and is available through Portage as part of with the   USE flag set.

OpenGL/OpenCL 활성화
To enable OpenGL and OpenCL though the device, run:

Make sure that the Xorg server is not running during these changes.

Testing the card
To test the NVIDIA card, fire up X and run, which is part of the package. It should say that direct rendering is activated:

To monitor the FPS, run.

문제 해결
For an overview of the currently open bugs reported against the package, take a look at the.

FATAL: modpost: GPL-incompatible module *.ko uses GPL-only symbol
When the ebuild is complaining about the 'mutex_destroy' GPL-only symbol:

Be sure to disable CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES in the kernel's file, as suggested by this forum thread.

MSI 인터럽트를 활성화 하면 드라이버 초기화에 실패하네요
리눅스 NVIDIA 드라이버는 메시지 신호 인터럽트(MSI)를 기본으로 사용합니다. 이 기능은 호환성과 확장성의 장점을 제공하는데, 주된 이유라면 IRQ 공유를 막기 위해서입니다. 어떤 시스템에서는 가상 연결 인터럽트로 제대로 동작하지만, 일부 시스템에서는 MSI 지원에 문제가 있어보입니다. 이 문제는 NVIDIA 드라이버로 X를 시작하는데 있어서 불가능한 것으로 보이며, 또는 CUDA 초기화 문제로 보이기도 합니다.

MSI 인터럽트는 NVIDIA 커널 모듈 매개변수에  값을 부여하여 비활성화 할 수 있습니다. 이 값은 모듈을 불러오는 과정에서, 또는 배포본에서 제공하는 커널 모듈 설정 파일( 같은 디렉터리에 있음)에서 설정할 수 있습니다.

예를 들자면:

4GB 이상 용량의 메모리를 가진 머신에서 2D 가속 활성화하기
When NVIDIA 2D acceleration is giving problems, then it is likely that the system is unable to set up a write-combining range with MTRR. To verify, check the contents of :

Every line should contain  or. When a line shows up with  in it then it is necessary to change a BIOS setting to fix this.

Reboot and enter the BIOS, then find the MTRR settings (probably under "CPU Settings"). Change the setting from  to   and boot back into Linux. There is now no  entry anymore and 2D acceleration now works without any glitches.

커널 모듈을 불러오려는데 "no such device" 메시지를 받았습니다
보통 다음 문제 중 하나가 원인입니다:


 * 1) The system does not have a NVIDIA card at all.  Check  output to confirm that the system has a NVIDIA graphics card installed and detected.
 * 2) The currently installed version of  does not support the installed graphics card model.  Check the README file in /usr/share/nvidia-drivers-*/ for a list of supported devices, or use the driver search at http://www.geforce.com/drivers.
 * 3) Another kernel driver has control of the hardware. Check  to see if another driver like "nouveau" is bound to the graphics card. If so, disable or blacklist this driver.

Xorg 에서 어떤 화면도 찾을 수 없다고 함
컴퓨터를 부팅하고나서 GUI 화면 대신 어두컴컴한 화면이나 콘솔 프롬프트로 돌아가는 경우가 있습니다. GUI로 부팅하지 못했을 때 ++키를 눌러서 가상 콘솔로 갈 수 있습니다. 그런 후 다음 명령을 실행하십시오:

를 실행하여 Xorg 출력을 살펴보십시오. 처음 나타나는 오류가 Xorg에서 어떤 화면도 찾을 수 없다는 문제라면, 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 다음 단계를 따르십시오.

다시 부팅하기 전에 다음 명령을 확실하게 실행해야 합니다:

But if that doesn't work, run and notice that the video card starts off like this:

처음 부분 을 찾아서  의   옵션에 넣으십시오:

직접 렌더링이 활성화되지 않아요
직접 렌더링이 동작하지 않는다면, 드라이버와 충돌하게끔 커널에서 직접 렌더링 관리자를 활성화했기 때문일 수도 있습니다. 카드 시험하기 장의 절차를 따라 직접 렌더링 상태를 볼 수 있습니다.

먼저 직접 렌더링 관리자를 커널에서 비활성화 하십시오:

그리고 커널 DRM 심볼에 대해 드라이버를 빌드했을터이니 를 다시 빌드하십시오. 이리 하면 문제를 해결할 수 있습니다.

동영상 재생이 버벅거리고 느린데요
Lately there seems to be some breaking with playback of some types of video with the NVIDIA binary drivers, causing slow video playback or significant stuttering. This problem seems to be occurring within the Intel CPU Idle replacement instead of the common ACPI CPU idling method for certain CPU's.

Disable the Intel CPU idling method using  on the kernel command line boot method, which should cause the kernel to automatically fall back to the normal or older ACPI CPU idling method. Also, disabling the NVIDIA Powermizer feature, or setting Powermizer to maximum performance within has been said to help. Although the Intel CPU idling method recently was introduced as the default CPU idling method for i5 and i7 CPUs (versus using ACPI CPU idling) is the root cause here. This idling method significantly solves the problem, however some minimal stuttering or slow video is encountered if deinterlacing was enabled; this is when the video is likely already deinterlaced (ie. alias  with something similar to   as a work around.)

No vertical synchronization (no VSync, tearing) in OpenGL applications
Adding the following option to the screen section prevents tearing on GTX 660, 660 Ti, and probably some other GPUs (reference):

문서
꾸러미에는 실용적인 문서가 있습니다. 이 문서는 에 있으며 다음 명령으로 살펴볼 수 있습니다:

커널 모듈 매개 변수
The  kernel module accepts a number of parameters (options) which can be used to tweak the behavior of the driver. Most of these are mentioned in the documentation. To add or change the values of these parameters, edit the file. Remember to run after modifying this file, and bear in mind to reload the   module before the new settings take effect.

Edit the file, and afterwards update the module information:

Unload the  module...

...그리고 다시 불러오십시오:

고급 X 설정
GLX 계층에는 설정 가능한 상당히 많은 옵션이 있습니다. TV 출력, 듀얼 디스플레이, 모니터 주파수 감지 등의 설정을 다룰 수 있습니다. 다시 말씀드리지만, 여기에 있는 모든 옵션은 문서에 자세히 설명되어 있습니다.

이 옵션을 사용하려면 X 설정 파일의 관련 장치 섹션에 있는 목록을 살펴봐야 합니다(보통 /etc/X11/xorg.conf에 있음). 가령, 스플래시 로고를 비활성화 하려는 상황을 가정해보겠습니다.

추가 참조

 * nouveau & nvidia-drivers switching - Hybrid graphics mode using open-source drivers.
 * NVIDIA Optimus - Configure a system to use closed-source drivers for hybrid graphics (modesetting).