Handbook:AMD64/Blocks/Booting/pt-br

Inicializando pela midia de instalação
Uma vez que o CD de instalação está gravado, é hora de usá-lo. Remova todas as mídias externas de boot do sistema (discos de CD/DVD ou drives USB), reinicialize o sistema, e acesse a interface de usuário do firmware da placa-mãe. Isso é normalmente feito teclando, ou  durante o processo de boot ("Power-On Self Test - POST"). A tecla correta varia, dependendo do sistema e placa-mãe utilizada. Em caso de dificuldade, pesquise na Internet o modelo da placa-mãe. Uma vez dentro do menu do firmware da placa-mãe, troque a ordem de boot de modo que a mídia externa de boot (discos de CD/DVD ou drives USB) sejam tentados antes do disco rígido interno. Sem essa mudança, o sistema irá provavelmente apenas iniciar pelo disco rígido interno, ignorando a mídia externa de boot.

Agora coloque o CD de instalação no drive de CD-ROM e reinicialize. Um sinal de pronto do boot deve aparecer. Nessa tela, o iniciará o processo de inicialização com as opções padrões de inicialização. Para inicializar o CD de instalação com opções de inicialização customizadas, especifique o kernel seguido pelas opções de inicialização e tecle.

No sinal de pronto, os usuários tem a opção de visualizar os kernel disponíveis e opções de inicialização. Se nenhuma escolha for feita em 15 segundos (mostrar informações ou usar um kernel) então o CD de instalação continuará inicializando pelo disco rígido. Isso permite às instalações reinicializar e experimentar o ambiente instalado sem a necessidade de remover o CD da bandeja (o que é útil em instalações remotas).

We mentioned specifying a kernel. On the installation CD, several kernels are provided. The default one is called. Other kernels are for specific hardware needs and the -nofb variants disable framebuffer support.

The next section gives a short overview of the available kernels and their descriptions:

Opções de Kernel

 * gentoo
 * Default kernel with support for K8 CPUs (including NUMA support) and EM64T CPUs


 * gentoo-nofb
 * Same as gentoo but without framebuffer support


 * memtest86
 * Test the local RAM for errors

Além do kernel, as opções de inicialização ajudam a afinar o processo de inicialização ainda mais.

Hardware options

 * acpi=on
 * This loads support for ACPI and also causes the acpid daemon to be started by the CD on boot. This is only needed if the system requires ACPI to function properly. This is not required for Hyperthreading support.


 * acpi=off
 * Completely disables ACPI. This is useful on some older systems and is also a requirement for using APM. This will disable any Hyperthreading support of your processor.


 * console=X
 * This sets up serial console access for the CD. The first option is the device, usually ttyS0 on x86, followed by any connection options, which are comma separated. The default options are 9600,8,n,1.


 * dmraid=X
 * This allows for passing options to the device-mapper RAID subsystem. Options should be encapsulated in quotes.


 * doapm
 * This loads APM driver support. This also requires that.


 * dopcmcia
 * This loads support for PCMCIA and Cardbus hardware and also causes the pcmcia cardmgr to be started by the CD on boot. This is only required when booting from PCMCIA/Cardbus devices.


 * doscsi
 * This loads support for most SCSI controllers. This is also a requirement for booting most USB devices, as they use the SCSI subsystem of the kernel.


 * sda=stroke
 * This allows the user to partition the whole hard disk even when the BIOS is unable to handle large disks. This option is only used on machines with an older BIOS. Replace sda with the device that requires this option.


 * ide=nodma
 * This forces the disabling of DMA in the kernel and is required by some IDE chipsets and also by some CDROM drives. If the system is having trouble reading from the IDE CDROM, try this option. This also disables the default hdparm settings from being executed.


 * noapic
 * This disables the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller that is present on newer motherboards. It has been known to cause some problems on older hardware.


 * nodetect
 * This disables all of the autodetection done by the CD, including device autodetection and DHCP probing. This is useful for doing debugging of a failing CD or driver.


 * nodhcp
 * This disables DHCP probing on detected network cards. This is useful on networks with only static addresses.


 * nodmraid
 * Disables support for device-mapper RAID, such as that used for on-board IDE/SATA RAID controllers.


 * nofirewire
 * This disables the loading of Firewire modules. This should only be necessary if your Firewire hardware is causing a problem with booting the CD.


 * nogpm
 * This disables gpm console mouse support.


 * nohotplug
 * This disables the loading of the hotplug and coldplug init scripts at boot. This is useful for doing debugging of a failing CD or driver.


 * nokeymap
 * This disables the keymap selection used to select non-US keyboard layouts.


 * nolapic
 * This disables the local APIC on Uniprocessor kernels.


 * nosata
 * This disables the loading of Serial ATA modules. This is used if the system is having problems with the SATA subsystem.


 * nosmp
 * This disables SMP, or Symmetric Multiprocessing, on SMP-enabled kernels. This is useful for debugging SMP-related issues with certain drivers and motherboards.


 * nosound
 * This disables sound support and volume setting. This is useful for systems where sound support causes problems.


 * nousb
 * This disables the autoloading of USB modules. This is useful for debugging USB issues.


 * slowusb
 * This adds some extra pauses into the boot process for slow USB CDROMs, like in the IBM BladeCenter.

Logical volume/device management

 * dolvm
 * This enables support for Linux's Logical Volume Management.

Other options

 * debug
 * Enables debugging code. This might get messy, as it displays a lot of data to the screen.


 * docache
 * This caches the entire runtime portion of the CD into RAM, which allows the user to umount and mount another CDROM. This option requires that there is at least twice as much available RAM as the size of the CD.


 * doload=X
 * This causes the initial ramdisk to load any module listed, as well as dependencies. Replace X with the module name. Multiple modules can be specified by a comma-separated list.


 * dosshd
 * Starts sshd on boot, which is useful for unattended installs.


 * passwd=foo
 * Sets whatever follows the equals as the root password, which is required for dosshd since the root password is by default scrambled.


 * noload=X
 * This causes the initial ramdisk to skip the loading of a specific module that may be causing a problem. Syntax matches that of doload.


 * nonfs
 * Disables the starting of portmap/nfsmount on boot.


 * nox
 * This causes an X-enabled LiveCD to not automatically start X, but rather, to drop to the command line instead.


 * scandelay
 * This causes the CD to pause for 10 seconds during certain portions the boot process to allow for devices that are slow to initialize to be ready for use.


 * scandelay=X
 * This allows the user to specify a given delay, in seconds, to be added to certain portions of the boot process to allow for devices that are slow to initialize to be ready for use. Replace X with the number of seconds to pause.

Now boot the media, select a kernel (if the default kernel does not suffice) and boot options. As an example, we boot the kernel, with   as a kernel parameter:

Em seguida o usuário é saudado com uma tela de inicialização e uma barra de progresso. Se a instalação é feita em um sistema com teclado não-EUA, pressione imediatamente +  para trocar para o modo verboso e siga as mensagens. Se nenhuma seleção for feita em 10 segundos o padrão (teclado dos EUA) será carregado e o processo de instalação continuará. Uma vez que o processo de inicialização complete, o usuário é automaticamente logado no ambiente "vivo" do Gentoo Linux como usuário "root", o superusuário. Um sinal de pronto é mostrado no console atual, e o usuário pode trocar para outros consoles pressionando +,  +  and  +. Volte ao console inicial pressionando +.