Wine

Wine (Wine Is Not an Emulator) is an application that allows Windows software to run on Linux. This article deals with installing, configuring, and maintaining a general purpose Wine environment on Gentoo.

USE flags
It is likely for many users to desire Wine to support as much media as possible, in these cases be sure to enable the related flags.

Environmental variables
Traditionally, live ebuilds support setting the repository commit as an environmental variable. This poses some issues with an ebuild that has multiple upstream repositories. To work around this issue, Wine's live ebuilds support 3 environmental variables for individually configuring the commit that each repository checks out. The WineHQ repository is controlled by WINE_COMMIT, Wine-Staging repository by STAGING_COMMIT, and Ixit's Gallium Nine repository by D3D9_COMMIT. The *_COMMIT variables may contain either a commit hash from that repository or a git tag from that repository.

For example, one could select the WineHQ tag "wine-2.0-rc5" to emerge the 2.0 RC 5.

One could additionally pin Wine-Staging to the same release by finding the appropriate tag, "v2.0-rc5" and augmenting the previous as follows:

Other environmental variables, which affect Wine at runtime, are discussed below.

Emerge
Enable the USE flags of choice and the package:

To install the latest development version of Wine the package needs to be individually unmasked:

The above command does not apply to systems that have defined globally in the ACCEPT_KEYWORDS variable located in

Disabling the menubuilder
To prevent Wine from adding menu entries and desktop links, the following override can be used:

Previously added entries can be deleted by removing the corresponding files from. See Wine FAQ for examples.

Tools and interfaces
Tools such as graphical interfaces for Wine can be helpful for users who want an alternative to the command-line:


 * – Qt4 GUI configuration tool for Wine.
 * – Wine-doors is a package manager for Wine.
 * – Easy way to install DLLs needed to work around problems in Wine.
 * – Set of scripts to easily install and use Windows games and software.

Runtime environment variables
The environment variables of the shell that is started from are made accessible to the Windows/DOS processes. Some very useful Wine-specific variables include, but are not limited to, WINEPREFIX, WINEARCH , and WINEDEBUG.

See the and  manual entries for more detailed information concerning Wine's environment variables.

WINEPREFIX
To create a Wine prefix in a custom location without affecting the default:

The above would create the Windows installation in the home path of the user, under

WINEARCH
To create a 32-bit installation instead of the default (when built) 64-bit:

The Wine executable used could be anything that runs Wine, such as, which often makes sense while creating a clean, new prefix.

WINEDEBUG
Essential in finding out why an application is misbehaving when the basic terminal output or messages boxes are not enough. See Debugging for examples.

Troubleshooting
When a user encounters a problem with an application, they should try the latest development version to see if the unwanted behavior still exists. If Wine has been built with options such as  or , the Wine developers will likely be unable to help with the issue, and reports including output from such builds should not be reported to the Wine Bugzilla.

The  USE flag should be enabled for debugging builds.

For more directions on reporting bugs, see Bugzilla and Bugs at wiki.winehq.

Support
Users may find additional support in the #gentoo-wine channel on Freenode.

Packaging Notes
Version 1.9.24 was skipped due to a lack of a staging release

Wine-Staging in >=wine-2.0
Starting with the release of =wine-2.0, the "staging" and related USE flags will not be available for stable branch wine ebuilds. This means that wine-2.0* will not have staging available, but wine-2.1* will. Through a special arrangement with the Wine-Staging developers, staging tarballs were created for the previous stable branch, but after some discussion, it was decided to terminate this going forward because Wine-Staging, by definition and mission, is staging quality, not stable. Though Wine-Staging released a tarball for =wine-2.0, it will not be packaged, to provide consistency with the Gentoo stable packaging going forward.

External resources

 * – Wine related bugs.
 * WineHQ Wiki
 * Wine Application Database – Search for the game or program to install here to see if it is stable.