KDE/uk

KDE це спільнота, поєднана навколо вільного програмного забезпечення, яка створює широкий асортимент прикладних програм, серед яких і оточення робочого столу Plasma.

Gentoo має чудову підтримку KDE, із зрозумілим розподілом на пакети успадкованого KDE SC 4, нового покоління KDE Frameworks, Plasma, та Applications 5, так само добре, як і широкого спектру іншого різноманітного програмного забезпечення, створеного на базі KDE.

Профіль
Choosing an appropriate profile, although not required, is recommended as it sets a number of global and package-specific USE flags to ease installation and ensure a smooth KDE experience.

Щоб обрати найбільш слушний профіль, по-перше, подивіться перелік доступних:

Потім виберіть правильний профіль, замінивши  на відповідний номер профілю:

Для повного оточення робочого столу KDE рекомендується використовувати профіль, який адаптований для використання з OpenRC. Якщо використовується systemd, виберіть. Для оточення робочого столу Plasma 5 виберіть відповідно   з OpenRC або   з systemd.

Сервіси
Before installing KDE SC it is recommended that several other services are set up first. Part of that is done automatically if a desktop/kde or desktop profile is used. These services are:
 * D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
 * polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
 * udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
 * udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.

За посиланнями ви знайдете інформацію як налаштувати ці сервіси. Зверніть увагу, що інші комбінації USE-прапорів, ніж встановлені у цьому профілі технічно теж можливі (особливо, якщо лише обрані програми використовуються замість повного оточення робочого столу KDE), але можуть бути непідтримуваними, неперевіреними або вести до непередбачуваної втрати функціональності.

X-сервер
Прочитайте та дотримуйтесь інструкцій, наведених у статті X-сервер, щоб налаштувати X-оточення.

KDE SC 4
KDE SC 4 is the previous major version of KDE. Although it is no longer maintained upstream, it is considered stable, and is recommended for most users. As upstream support for KDE SC 4 has slowly come to an end, certain packages have releases with versions that do not match the rest of the SC. For example, KDE Workspaces and KDE PIM have received their last bugfix releases with 4.11.22 and 4.14.10 respectively, while kdelibs enjoys 4.14.x point releases well beyond. Meanwhile, newer Applications releases are still shipping with KDE4-based packages that are seamlessly able to serve as bugfix updates from 4.14.3.

Packages
In Gentoo there are various packages that will install a KDE environment:
 * - The full KDE suite.
 * - A basic KDE environment.
 * - A very minimal, effectively unsupported KDE environment (no KDE applications or artwork).

It is usually a good idea to start with the package and install the additional software when needed:

There are other meta packages that can be installed to pull in parts of the KDE suite:


 * - Accessibility applications and utilities.
 * - Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system.
 * - Extra themes, screensavers, etc.
 * - Bindings for various languages.
 * - Educational applications and games.
 * - Standard desktop games.
 * - Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc.
 * - Audio and video playback applications and services.
 * - Network applications and VNC services.
 * - PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc.
 * - Various development tools.
 * - Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc.
 * - Web development tools.

Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the package:

Localization
To localize the KDE installation, install the package. If only a selected few languages needs to set, define the LINGUAS variable beforehand in

E.g. to use the German language, set:

To localize the packages included in install the  package.

has its own localization package too:.

Display manager
KDM (KDE Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via by default if no other login manager is installed.

OpenRC
Set KDM as the default display manager:

To start KDM on boot, add xdm to the default runlevel:

To start KDM now:

systemd
Enable KDM at boot time through :

Now start the service:

KDE Frameworks, Plasma, and Applications 5
The next generation of KDE splits the SC into three components, each with their own individual release cycles: KDE Frameworks 5, KDE Plasma 5, and KDE Applications.

Frameworks
KDE Frameworks 5 is a collection of libraries and software frameworks that provide the foundation for KDE Plasma 5 and KDE Applications 5, but may be leveraged by any Qt application.

As Frameworks are mostly libraries and provide little user functionality, it's not necessary to install them manually - the required packages will be pulled in automatically as dependencies.

Plasma
Plasma 5 is the next generation of KDE's desktop environment, based on Qt 5 and KDE Frameworks 5. Upgrading is fairly simple, although it cannot be coinstalled with Plasma 4 due to upstream design decisions.

Note that while Plasma 5 is in a good state, it is still under heavy upstream development and is missing some features present in KDE 4.

Upgrade from KDE SC 4
Information on how to upgrade from KDE SC 4, migration and troubleshooting can be found on the upgrade page.

Installation
The package provides the full Plasma 5 suite, configured by the following USE flags:

Alternatively, provides the basic desktop, leaving users free to install only the extra packages they require:

Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the package:

Display manager
SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag  for. Change the setting accordingly in. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.

Applications
Releases consist of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5 as well as Qt 4/KDElibs 4, with the latter still being in long term support mode. In Portage, the distinction is made using slots  and. Porting is an ongoing process where each major release is making inroads to Frameworks 5, and therefore contains both well matured and newly ported applications. Note that it also means potential dependency conflicts even within one major release, when two packages depend on slot 4 and 5 of the same library that can not be installed at the same time. The meta packages are taking these conflicts into account and will in some cases prefer the more reliable version over a new port.

For QT 4 / KDElibs 4 based slot 4, two variants of KDEPIM, the KDE personal information management suite (including, , and ) are available. The current, up-to-date version including an Akonadi-based kmail (also known as kmail2) is installed by default. By locally placing a mask file into, the "noakonadi fork" is used including a non-Akonadi kmail (also known as kmail1).

The package provides the full Applications bundle:

It will install the following smaller meta packages, which of course can also be hand-picked:

kdesu5
The utility that is used to run GUI programs as is provided by. If built with USE flag, a graphical frontend to  is installed, which can be used by invoking.

As always, ensure that the command actually needs to run as, versus adding the regular user to the relevant groups or simply just running the command unprivileged.

More KDE software
The most important KDE applications are in the portage tree and many are located in the kde-apps and kde-misc categories.

External resources

 * Official KDE user wiki
 * Official KDE forum
 * KDE-Apps.org
 * KDE-Look.org
 * KDE-Files.org