BIOS Update/zh-cn

硬件生产商经常会提供BIOS和固件的更新. 要安装（经常被成为刷新）这些更新并不很简单，有时需要一些额外的工作.

获取 BIOS
首先你需要确认主板生产商和型号. 请检查计算机随附的用户手册，通常有你会发现所有需要的信息.

First you should find the motherboard's manufacturer and the model. Check the user's Manual that comes with your computer, usually there you'll find all needed information.

你也可以用 来获取一些信息.

最后，如果你可以直接查看主板，你也许会在主板上找到需要的信息.

在硬件厂商的网站进行搜索你会得到BIOS的更新文件，类型为zip，exe或者iso.

BIOS 选项
很多BIOS有一个选项可以从外部记忆棒或者软盘读取二进制映像. 你要做的就是进入BIOS设置，查找选项.

Many BIOS have an option to read the new binary image from an external memory stick or floppy disk. All you need to do is to go into your BIOS setup and look for the option.

引导光盘
通常硬件厂商会提供一个光盘镜像的下载，作为引导媒介. 该文件应该以.iso为后缀，将此镜像刻录到一张空白的CD-R：

现在你可以在BIOS中选择从光盘启动，按照你的硬件厂商网站上的说明进行更新.

Often the manufaturer offers a CD-Rom image to download as a boot medium. The file should have the extension .iso, to burn the image to an empty CD-R:

Now you can choose in your BIOS to boot from CD and follow the instructions on your manufacturers website.

FreeDOS 环境
你可以用FreeDOS运行你的硬件厂商提供的基于DOS的BIOS工具. 你必须首先创建一个定制的FreeDOS镜像，包含必要的BIOS工具，然后通过下面的方法用这个镜像启动.

You can use FreeDOS to run the DOS-based BIOS utility from your manufacturer. You must first create a custom FreeDOS image which includes the necessary BIOS tools, and then boot this image via one of the methods shown here.

下载 FreeDOS 和工具:
 * FreeDOS - 下载 fdboot.img 文件
 * FreeDOS bootsector - 下载 sys-freedos-linux.zip 文件
 * DOS-Flash 程序和你的硬件厂商网站提供的新的BIOS


 * FreeDOS - download the fdboot.img file
 * FreeDOS bootsector - download the file sys-freedos-linux.zip
 * The DOS-Flash program and new BIOS from your manufacturers website

Create Custom FreeDOS Image
First we need to install and download the required software and enable the loopback device in our kernel:

If the module isn't loaded yet:

安装必要的软件：

使用 dd 命令创建一个大约20M的镜像文件（如果你要替换SystemRescueCD中的FreeDOS，文件名必须是 freedos.img）：

为镜像创建文件系统：

将 bootsector 写入镜像文件

现在我们需要拷贝FreeDOS文件到我们的镜像.

创建加载点：

挂载原有的镜像：

挂载新的镜像：

拷贝FreeDOS系统文件到新镜像：

现在你还要拷贝flash刷新程序和新的BIOS到镜像文件：

卸载两个镜像：

Write a file system to the image:

Write the bootsector to the image file:

Now we need to copy the FreeDOS files to our new image. Create the mountpoints:

Mount the original image:

Mount the new image:

Copy the FreeDOS system files to our new image:

Now you should also copy your flash program and the new BIOS to the image file:

Unmount both images:

使用 SystemRescueCD 启动 FreeDOS
SystemRescueCD 自带一个版本的 FreeDOS，我们可以替换掉原有的镜像，创建一个包含刷新我们的BIOS必须得程序的，可以启动的记忆棒.

The SystemRescueCD comes with a version of FreeDOS, we can replace the original image and create a bootable memory stick which contains the needed programs to flash our BIOS.

下载 SystemRescueCD 并准备 LiveUSB

 * SystemRescueCD - 下载ISO镜像


 * SystemRescueCD - download the normal ISO image

创建可启动的记忆棒 我们使用默认的方法创建 SystemRescueCD 启动媒介, 脚本 会引导安装过程.

在 下创建目录:

挂载 CD 镜像：

运行安装脚本：

卸载 CD 镜像:

We use the default method to create the SystemRescueCD boot medium, the script will guide through the installation.

Create the folder in :

Mount the CD image:

Start the installation script:

Unmount the CD image:

替换 FreeDOS 镜像
我们将要替换掉记忆棒中的SystemRescueCD原有的FreeDOS镜像.

挂载SystemRescueCD记忆棒( 需要替换成你的记忆棒的设备名)：

替换 文件：

卸载SytemRescueCD记忆棒：

We are going to replace the original FreeDOS image on the SystemRescueCD memory stick. Mount the SystemRescueCD memory stick ( needs to be replaced by the device name of your memory stick):

Replace the file:

Unmount the SystemRescueCD memory stick:

Booting the FreeDOS image from GRUB directly
If you would like to boot FreeDOS without any external media, you can use the "memdisk" tool from syslinux to allow grub (or another bootloader) to boot your FreeDOS image directly.

Mount your partition (if needed):

Copy the memdisk binary, and your newly built FreeDOS image to :

Edit and add an entry for FreeDOS:

BIOS Update
Restart and choose to boot from the USB memory stick OR your new grub entry. If using SystemRescueCD, in the GRUB command line type:

This should boot you into our new FreeDOS image and you are greeted by the DOS prompt:

Now you can start your BIOS update by following the manufacturers instructions. Some useful commands in DOS:
 * cd : change to the directory
 * dir : list the files in the current directory
 * type : display the contents of a file

flashrom
你的主板也许支持通过 直接升级. 这种情况下你需要的只是 BIOS 镜像. 请先检查支持的硬件.

 Your motherboard can support flashing via directly from your system. In this case only what you need is BIOS image. Please check first list of supported hardware.

首先我们检查 BIOS 镜像：

If all OK, let's flash'em:

另见

 * Bootable DOS USB stick


 * Bootable DOS USB stick