GNOME/Guide/fr

GNOME is a popular desktop environment. This guide tries to describe all aspects of GNOME, including installation, configuration, usage, and more!

The project
The GNOME project is a free software project dedicated to the development of GNOME, a Unix/Linux desktop suite and development platform. The GNOME Foundation coordinates the development and other aspects of the GNOME Project.

The software
Le logiciel gnome est un environnement de bureau et une plateforme de développement. Ce logiciel libre est l'environnement de bureau préféré de plusieurs leaders de l'industrie. Il s'adresse tout autant aux entreprises, à Monsieur tout le monde et aux développeurs.

The community
Like with any big free software project, GNOME has an extensive user and development base. GNOME Planet is a popular blog aggregator for GNOME hackers and contributors whereas developer.gnome.org is for the GNOME developers. GNOME Library contains a huge list of GNOME resources for end users. The WOGUE is also a popular aggregator for GNOME-related news.

Prerequisites
Before the GNOME install process, first read and follow the instructions in the Xorg guide to setup a X environment. X is the standard base for all desktop environments in Linux. Also, be sure to read and comply with all the settings from the systemd article.

Installation
Before installing GNOME, editing the system's USE variables is a good idea. Make sure that,  , and   are in the USE variable located in. It is recommended to enable support for D-Bus system-wide. Systemd includes this system message bus. Add  to the USE variable as well (D-Bus is a system message bus that GNOME uses extensively). If no KDE support is required, remove,   and   from USE. USE flags can be removed by adding a minus sign in front of them. See the example below for the minus sign used properly.

Si vous désiez un joli écran d'attente marqué Gentoo au lieu de l'écran d'attent de gnome, ajoutez l'option   à votre variable USE :

Once finished, begin the GNOME installation by emerging GNOME:

For a minimal GNOME installation install the package. This option provides a lightweight GNOME installation without pulling in the full GNOME desktop environment. Most people may need to install additional packages afterwards.

This will take a while, so start reading some books. Done? Great, now update environment variables:

Vous pouvez maintenant nettoyer les services résiduels et les groupes d'utilisateurs.

Verify the  group exists. If it does, it is advisable to make each GNOME user member of that group, but step this is optional (the group is not common anymore).

Substitute  in the next command with each GNOME user's user name:

First impressions
It is time to take a look at what was just built. Either configure the session manager to run GNOME when the command is invoked (see using startx in the Xorg guide for more information), or enable the GDM service, for a more convenient way to start Gnome.

Systemd
To start GDM upon boot:

To start GDM immediately, run:

Another suggestion is to activate Network Manager, in case no other network managing service is activated.

Using startx
Exit the root shell and log in as a regular user. The next step is to configure the session manager to run GNOME when the the command is invoked (see using startx in the Xorg guide for more information).

Starting with gnome-base/gnome-session-2.26.2, users will need to prepend the XDG_MENU_PREFIX variable to get the GNOME menus when using the method to start the desktop. If is not being used it will be handled automatically; no additional configuration is needed.

Now start the graphical environment by issuing :

Si tout s'est bien passé, vous devriez être accueilli par un mot de félicitations de gnome. Maintenant voyons comment configurer gnome pour qu'il réponde à vos besoins.

Customizing Gnome
For extra configuration options in GNOME 3 install the package. The tweak tool allows customization at a deeper level than the standard Settings frame.

Widgets in GNOME 3
By default in Gentoo Gnome 3 does not support widgets. For users who wish to obtain widget functionality a separate package is available:

After the Shell Extensions are installed, can be used to control defaults on a global level:

Enable click-to-install Shell Extensions through the web browser
For web browsers such as Google Chrome, Chromium, and Vivaldi be sure to get the required browser add-on through the Chrome store: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep

Firefox users can get it here: https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/gnome-shell-integration/

Opera users will have to snag it here: https://addons.opera.com/extensions/details/gnome-shell-integration/

After the add-on has been installed for the browser of choice, a backend must also be emerged:

It should now be possible to install, manage, and uninstall shell extensions at https://extensions.gnome.org/

If things are not working as expected check the upstream installation instructions for news.

Non-Root User Authentication for Gnome Dialogs
Certain Gnome dialogs such as Printers, adding wireless networks, and Users require administrator authentication. This is handled through and operates independently from. By default in Gentoo, the root account is the only administrator, and so even if a user account can run root commands through, authentication in these Gnome dialogs will fail.

If you would like all users of the group to be administrators, create a copy of  starting with a number lower than 50, and edit the line to the following:

The Polkit wiki page provides more details on rules configuration.

Gnome Hotspot
In order for gnome-hotspot to work, your wireless card must support AP (access point) infrastructure mode. The following package use flags are also needed:

In addition, the following kernel options are needed:

Unmerge
A possible way to completely remove a GNOME installation is by explicitly uninstalling the package, then cleaning the dependencies of that package.

In order to do this sanely make sure the main Portage repository has been synced:

Next, run a world update so that the system is fully up-to-date:

Unmerge the GNOME base package:

Finally, depclean the system:

GNOME should now be removed.

Login failure with message "Oh no something has gone wrong"
One source of this error can be the permissions for the video device. When logging in fails and a message appears that says "Oh no, something has gone wrong", then try to become a member of the group. Add the user to the video group with like so:

External resources

 * https://plus.google.com/+WorldofGnomeOrg - The World of GNOME Google+ page.


 * https://github.com/dantrell/gentoo-project-gnome-without-systemd - GNOME without Systemd