KDE/zh-cn

KDE 是自由软件社区，提供为数众多的应用程序，包括流行的 Plasma 桌面环境.

Gentoo 有着优秀的 KDE 支持，其中包括传统 KDE SC 4 的综合性包装，下一代的 KDE 框架，Plasma，Application 5，同样也支持其他大量基于 KDE 的软件.

配置
选择一个适当的Portage配置，尽管这不是必须的，但是我们仍建议这么做. 因为这会设置一些全局或针对特定软件包的 USE 旗标来确保你能够获得顺畅的 KDE 使用体验.

为了选择适当的Portage配置，首先需要列出有哪些可用的Portage配置：

然后选择正确的Portage配置，把下面的命令中的 替换为合适的Portage配置对应的数字：

如果需要一个完整的 KDE 桌面环境，建议使用 ，这是为 OpenRC 配置好的. 如果你使用Systemd，请选择. 如果要使用 Plasma 5 桌面环境，请选择 （OpenRC） 或者  （Systemd）.

服务
在安装 KDE SC 之前，建议先设置并启用几个别的服务. 它们当中的一部分已经由 desktop/kde 或 desktop 的 Portage配置设定好了. 这些服务是：
 * D-Bus: 启用 D-Bus 信息总线系统（D-Bus message bus system）.
 * polkit: 启用 polkit 框架以控制系统中的服务的权限.
 * udev: 启用对 udev —— Linux 下的动态的、常驻后台的自动为设备命名的服务（dynamic and persistent device naming service） ——的支持.
 * udisks: 启用一些与存储相关的服务.

根据上面的链接中的信息来了解如何设置并启用那些服务. 注意：别的 USE 旗标组合从技术上可能是可以让它们运行的，但是可能会出现不支持，或者是带来不可预期的功能缺失（特别是如果选择的 USE 旗标是与完整的 KDE 桌面环境冲突的）.

X server
阅读下列来自 X server 的介绍来设置 X 环境.

KDE SC 4
KDE SC 4 is the previous major version of KDE. Although it is no longer maintained upstream, it is considered stable, and is recommended for most users. As upstream support for KDE SC 4 has slowly come to an end, certain packages have releases with versions that do not match the rest of the SC. For example, KDE Workspaces and KDE PIM have received their last bugfix releases with 4.11.22 and 4.14.10 respectively, while kdelibs enjoys 4.14.x point releases well beyond. Meanwhile, newer Applications releases are still shipping with KDE4-based packages that are seamlessly able to serve as bugfix updates from 4.14.3.

软件包
In Gentoo there are various packages that will install a KDE environment:
 * - The full KDE suite.
 * - A basic KDE environment.
 * - A very minimal, effectively unsupported KDE environment (no KDE applications or artwork).

It is usually a good idea to start with the package and install the additional software when needed:

There are other meta packages that can be installed to pull in parts of the KDE suite:


 * - Accessibility applications and utilities.
 * - Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system.
 * - Extra themes, screensavers, etc.
 * - Bindings for various languages.
 * - Educational applications and games.
 * - Standard desktop games.
 * - Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc.
 * - Audio and video playback applications and services.
 * - Network applications and VNC services.
 * - PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc.
 * - Various development tools.
 * - Toy like applications.
 * - Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc.
 * - Web development tools.

Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the package:

本地化
To localize the KDE installation, install the package. If only a selected few languages needs to set, define the LINGUAS variable beforehand in

E.g. to use the German language, set:

To localize the packages included in install the  package.

has its own localization package too:.

Display manager
KDM (KDE Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via by default if no other login manager is installed.

OpenRC
Set KDM as the default display manager:

To start KDM on boot, add xdm to the default runlevel:

To start KDM now:

systemd
Enable KDM at boot time through :

Now start the service:

KDE Frameworks, Plasma,和 Applications 5
The next generation of KDE splits the SC into three components, each with their own individual release cycles: KDE Frameworks 5, KDE Plasma 5, and KDE Applications.

Frameworks
KDE Frameworks 5 is a collection of libraries and software frameworks that provide the foundation for KDE Plasma 5 and KDE Applications 5, but may be leveraged by any Qt application.

As Frameworks are mostly libraries and provide little user functionality, it's not necessary to install them manually - the required packages will be pulled in automatically as dependencies.

Plasma
Plasma 5 is the next generation of KDE's desktop environment, based on Qt 5 and KDE Frameworks 5. Upgrading is fairly simple, although it cannot be coinstalled with Plasma 4 due to upstream design decisions.

请注意，虽然等离子5是在一个良好的状态，但仍处于繁重的上游开发中，缺少目前在KDE4的一些功能.

Upgrade from KDE SC 4
Information on how to upgrade from KDE SC 4, migration and troubleshooting can be found on the upgrade page.

Installation
The package provides the full Plasma 5 suite, configured by the following USE flags:

Alternatively, provides the basic desktop, leaving users free to install only the extra packages they require:

Widgets
Many useful widgets are in the package:

Display manager
SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag  for. Change the setting accordingly in. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.

Applications
Releases consist of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt 5/KDE Frameworks 5 as well as Qt 4/KDElibs 4, with the latter still being in long term support mode. In Portage, the distinction is made using slots  and. Porting is an ongoing process where each major release is making inroads to Frameworks 5, and therefore contains both well matured and newly ported applications. Note that it also means potential dependency conflicts even within one major release, when two packages depend on slot 4 and 5 of the same library that can not be installed at the same time. The meta packages are taking these conflicts into account and will in some cases prefer the more reliable version over a new port.

The package provides the full Applications bundle:

It will install the following smaller meta packages, which of course can also be hand-picked:

kdesu5
The utility that is used to run GUI programs as is provided by. If built with USE flag, a graphical frontend to  is installed, which can be used by invoking.

As always, ensure that the command actually needs to run as, versus adding the regular user to the relevant groups or simply just running the command unprivileged.

More KDE software
The most important KDE applications are in the portage tree and many are located in the kde-apps and kde-misc categories.

另请参阅

 * KDE hints - Hints on working in a KDE desktop environment.
 * KDE troubleshooting - An extended article on troubleshooting KDE.
 * KDE/KDEPIM-4.7 upgrade
 * KDE overlay - Instructions on adding Gentoo's KDE overlay.
 * KDE removal and clean up - Instructions on removing and cleaning up KDE.

外部资源

 * Official KDE user wiki
 * Official KDE forum
 * KDE-Apps.org
 * KDE-Look.org
 * KDE-Files.org