GNOME/Guide/zh-cn

GNOME是一个受欢迎的desktop environment. 本指南试图描述GNOME的各个方面，包括安装，配置，使用等等！

项目
GNOME project 是一个免费的软件项目，它致力于GNOME的发展,Unix / Linux桌面套件和开发平台. GNOME Foundation 协调发展和GNOME项目的其他方面.

软件
GNOME桌面环境和开发平台. 这片自由软件的桌面选择几个行业领导者. 有趣的是同时针对业务用户、家庭用户和开发人员开发.

社区
像任何大的自由软件项目,GNOME有着广泛的用户和开发基地. GNOME Planet 是一个受GNOME黑客和贡献者欢迎的博客汇聚，而 developer.gnome.org is for the GNOME developers. GNOME Library 包含一个巨大的GNOME终端用户资源列表. WOGUE 也是一个受欢迎的GNOME-related新闻汇聚，

准备
Before the GNOME install process, first read and follow the instructions in the Xorg guide to setup a X environment. X is the standard base for all desktop environments in Linux. Also, be sure to read and comply with all the settings from the systemd article.

安装
Before installing GNOME, editing the system's USE variables is a good idea. Make sure that,  , and   are in the USE variable located in. It is recommended to enable support for D-Bus system-wide. Systemd includes this system message bus. Add  to the USE variable as well (D-Bus is a system message bus that GNOME uses extensively). If no KDE support is required, remove,   and   from USE. USE flags can be removed by adding a minus sign in front of them. See the example below for the minus sign used properly.

增加  ，USE flag提供了一个可爱的Gentoo的启动画面而不是默认的GNOME启动画面：

一旦完成,就由emerge GNOME来安装GNOME：

For a minimal GNOME installation install the package. This option provides a lightweight GNOME installation without pulling in the full GNOME desktop environment. Most people may need to install additional packages afterwards.

This will take a while, so start reading some books. Done? Great, now update environment variables:

接下来剩余的服务和用户组将被清除.

Verify the  group exists. If it does, it is advisable to make each GNOME user member of that group, but step this is optional (the group is not common anymore).

取代  在接下来的命令与每一个GNOME用户的用户名:

第一印象
It is time to take a look at what was just built. Either configure the session manager to run GNOME when the command is invoked (see using startx in the Xorg guide for more information), or enable the GDM service, for a more convenient way to start Gnome.

Systemd
To start GDM upon boot:

To start GDM immediately, run:

Another suggestion is to activate Network Manager, in case no other network managing service is activated.

Using startx
Exit the root shell and log in as a regular user. The next step is to configure the session manager to run GNOME when the the command is invoked (see using startx in the Xorg guide for more information).

Starting with gnome-base/gnome-session-2.26.2, users will need to prepend the XDG_MENU_PREFIX variable to get the GNOME menus when using the method to start the desktop. If is not being used it will be handled automatically; no additional configuration is needed.

现在开始运行安装的图形环境:

如果一切顺利GNOME，我们高兴的问候您. 祝贺你成功设置GNOME!

Customizing Gnome
For extra configuration options in GNOME 3 install the package. The tweak tool allows customization at a deeper level than the standard Settings frame.

Widgets in GNOME 3
By default in Gentoo Gnome 3 does not support widgets. For users who wish to obtain widget functionality a separate package is available:

After the Shell Extensions are installed, can be used to control defaults on a global level:

Enable click-to-install Shell Extensions through the web browser
For web browsers such as Google Chrome, Chromium, and Vivaldi be sure to get the required browser add-on through the Chrome store: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep

Firefox users can get it here: https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/gnome-shell-integration/

Opera users will have to snag it here: https://addons.opera.com/extensions/details/gnome-shell-integration/

After the add-on has been installed for the browser of choice, a backend must also be emerged:

It should now be possible to install, manage, and uninstall shell extensions at https://extensions.gnome.org/

If things are not working as expected check the upstream installation instructions for news.

Non-Root User Authentication for Gnome Dialogs
Certain Gnome dialogs such as Printers, adding wireless networks, and Users require administrator authentication. This is handled through and operates independently from. By default in Gentoo, the root account is the only administrator, and so even if a user account can run root commands through, authentication in these Gnome dialogs will fail.

If you would like all users of the group to be administrators, create a copy of  starting with a number lower than 50, and edit the line to the following:

The Polkit wiki page provides more details on rules configuration.

Gnome Hotspot
In order for gnome-hotspot to work, your wireless card must support AP (access point) infrastructure mode. The following package use flags are also needed:

In addition, the following kernel options are needed:

Unmerge
A possible way to completely remove a GNOME installation is by explicitly uninstalling the package, then cleaning the dependencies of that package.

In order to do this sanely make sure the main Portage repository has been synced:

Next, run a world update so that the system is fully up-to-date:

Unmerge the GNOME base package:

Finally, depclean the system:

GNOME should now be removed.

Login failure with message "Oh no something has gone wrong"
One source of this error can be the permissions for the video device. When logging in fails and a message appears that says "Oh no, something has gone wrong", then try to become a member of the group. Add the user to the video group with like so:

外部资源

 * https://plus.google.com/+WorldofGnomeOrg - The World of GNOME Google+ page.


 * https://github.com/dantrell/gentoo-project-gnome-without-systemd - 安装GNOME，但不依赖 Systemd