Kernel/Upgrade/ja

この記事は新しいカーネルにアップグレードすることについて説明しています.

新しいカーネルのインストールと使用
新しいカーネルのソースがインストールされたときは、カーネルを更新するといいかもしれません. 新しいカーネルのソースは、 を実行してシステムを更新するときや、当然ですが新しいカーネルソースを直接インストールしたときに、インストールされることがあります.

Installing new kernel sources doesn't provide the user with a new kernel. It is necessary to make and install a new kernel from the new sources and then reboot the system to actually run the new kernel.

Making a new kernel from the new sources is basically the same process as making a kernel when installing the system. The difference is that one can use the configuration of the old kernel to create a configuration for the new kernel. Using the old configuration saves the user from going through all the kernel options (like ) again.

The configuration of the kernel is saved in a file named in the directory that holds the kernel sources. A new kernel may have options or features the old kernel does not have, or it might not have a feature or option anymore which the old kernel still has. The kernel configuration specifies whether the features and options of a kernel are to be enabled or not, perhaps built into the kernel, or perhaps built as modules which can be loaded into the running kernel on demand. Hence the configuration file of the new kernel may have new entries the configuration file of the old kernel doesn't have, and it might not have entries anymore which are present in the configuration file of the old kernel.

To deal with such changes of the configuration file, the configuration file of the old kernel needs to be converted to a configuration that can be used with the new kernel. This article shows how to make a new kernel from new kernel sources with converting the configuration file of the old kernel.

現在のカーネル設定のバックアップ
It is wise to make a backup of the kernel configuration so that the previous configurations are not lost. After all, many users devote considerable time to figure out the best configuration for the system, and losing that information is definitely not wanted.

It is easy to make a backup of the current kernel configuration:

Provided that the symlink to the kernel sources has been set correctly, this copies the configuration of the currently used kernel to the home directory of root, renaming the configuration to followed by the version of the current running Linux kernel.

新しいカーネルソースへのシンボリックリンク設定
The symlink should always point to the directory that holds the sources of the kernel which currently runs. This can be done in one of three ways:


 * 1) Installing the kernel sources with
 * 2) Setting the link with eselect
 * 3) Manually updating the symbolic link

Installing the kernel sources with the symlink USE flag
This will make the point to the newly installed kernel sources.

If necessary, it can still be modified later with one of the other two methods.

eselectを使った設定
によるシンボリックリンクの設定

利用可能なカーネルソースが出力されており、*が現在使われているソースを表しています.

カーネルソースを2番に変えるには次のようにします :

シンボリックリンクの手動更新
To set the symbolic link manually:

現行のカーネル設定のコピー
The configuration of the old kernel needs to be copied to the new one. It can be found in several places:


 * In the procfs filesystem, if the kernel option Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz was activated in the present kernel:


 * In the directory, if the configuration was installed there:


 * In the kernel directory of the currently-running kernel:


 * In the directory, if   is set in  and  was previously used:

新しいカーネルの設定
To use the configuration of the old kernel with the new kernel, it needs to be converted. The conversion can be done by running either or. Use either, not both.

make silentoldconfig
The following configuration is like the text based configuration with. For new configuration options, the user is asked for a decision. For example:

The string (NEW) at the end of the line marks this option as new. Left to the string in square brackets are the possible answers: Yes, no, module or ? to show the help. The recommend (i.e. default) answer is capitalized (here Y). The help explains the option or driver.

Unfortunately doesn't show - next to the help - a lot more information for each option, like the context, so that it is sometimes difficult to give the right answer. In this case the best way to go is to remember the option name and revise it afterwards through one of the graphical kernel configuration tools.

make olddefconfig
If all new configuration options should be set to their recommended (i.e. default) values use :

make help
Use to see other conversion methods available:

ビルド
For this step, follow the steps in the manual configuration article.

外部のカーネルモジュールの再インストール
Any external kernel modules, such as binary kernel modules, need to be rebuilt for each new kernel. If the kernel has not been built yet, it has to first be prepared for the building of the external kernel modules:

Packages containing kernel modules can be rebuilt using the  set:

Solving build problems
When experiencing build problems while rebuilding the current kernel, it might help to sanitize the kernel sources. Make sure to backup the file first, as the operation will remove it. Make sure not to use a or  suffix as backup as  will clean those up as well.

古いカーネルの削除
kernel removalを参照してください.

External resources

 * kernel changelog with some explanations of new features