NVidia/nvidia-drivers

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x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers is de commerciële grafische driver voor nVidia grafische kaarten. Een open-bron alternatief is nouveau.

De nVidia drivers in Portage zijn door nVidia vrijgegeven en worden ten opzichte van een Linux kernel gecompileerd. Ze bevatten een binair stuk logica dat het merendeel van de ondersteuning biedt om met de grafische kaart te spreken. De drivers bevatten twee onderdelen: een kernel module en een X11 driver. Beide delen zitten in hetzelfde pakket. Door de methode die nVidia toepast om hun drivers te bundelen ga je enkele keuzes moeten maken alvorens je de drivers installeert.

De nvidia-drivers bevatten de laatste drivers van nVidia die alle kaarten ondersteunen, met daarin verschillende beschikbare versies afhankelijk van hoe oud je grafische kaart is. Het pakket maakt gebruik van een eclass om te detecteren welk soort kaart je aan het draaien bent zodat de correcte versie wordt geinstalleerd.

Nota
It's always recommended (and good practice) to check the corresponding documentation provided by NVIDIA for the version of the system's installed driver, as that information may be more up-to-date and prevalent for more use cases. If any issues arise, README documentation may come of a great help. The official README documentation for all NVIDIA's drivers can also be found online.

USE flags

USE flags for x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver

X Add support for X11
dist-kernel Enable subslot rebuilds on Distribution Kernel upgrades
kernel-open Use the open source variant of drivers (Turing/Ampere+ GPUs only, aka GTX 1650+, experimental)
modules Build the kernel modules
modules-compress Install compressed kernel modules (if kernel config enables module compression)
modules-sign Cryptographically sign installed kernel modules (requires CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y in the kernel)
persistenced Install the persistence daemon for keeping devices state when unused (e.g. for headless)
powerd Install the NVIDIA dynamic boost support daemon (only useful with specific laptops, ignore if unsure)
static-libs Install the XNVCtrl static library for accessing sensors and other features
strip Allow symbol stripping to be performed by the ebuild for special files
tools Install additional tools such as nvidia-settings
wayland Enable dev-libs/wayland backend
Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-04-18 23:54 More information about USE flags

Driver Compatibiliteit

Het x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers pakket ondersteunt een breed gamma aan beschikbare nVidia kaarten. Meerdere versies zijn beschikbaar voor installatie, afhankelijk van de kaart(en) die je hebt. Voor meer informatie, zie het What's a legacy driver? (Engels) document op de nVidia site om te weten te komen welke versie van nvidia-drivers je moet gebruiken. Een vrij nette manier om dit te ontdekken is door het interactieve formulier dat hier aangeboden is te gebruiken. Typ de grafische kaart in die je hebt (let wel op de Legacy optie in het 'Product type' veld) en je zal uiteindelijk de best ondersteunde versie onder het formulier zien.

Als je je kaart als een oude kaart hebt geidentificeerd dan kan het zijn dat je meer recente versies van nvidia-drivers zal moeten maskeren, bijvoorbeeld:

If the card has been identified as a legacy card then mask the more recent releases of x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers, e.g.:

FILE /etc/portage/package.maskMasking drivers with version higher than 470
>x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers-471

Herinner je eraan dat Gentoo niet de 71.86.xx versies aanbiedt. Als je een kaart hebt die deze drivers nodig heeft raden we je aan om de nouveau driver te gebruiken.

Installation

Distribution Kernel

When using a distribution kernel (sys-kernel/gentoo-kernel or sys-kernel/gentoo-kernel-bin), building driver support is as simple as adding the following to /etc/portage/make.conf:

FILE /etc/portage/make.confNvidia make.conf example
USE="dist-kernel"

This will trigger the Nvidia driver to automatically rebuild on every kernel update. Restarting is recommended after doing a kernel update.

Tip
If using GRUB as a bootloader then adding the useflag dbus to /etc/portage/make.conf will also trigger GRUB to update the boot

Kernel

Zoals hierboven vermeld, de nVidia kernel driver installeert en draait enkel op de kernel waarmee hij gebouwd is. Ze installeert als een kernel module, dus is het belangrijk dat je kernel het laden van kernel modules ondersteunt (zie onderstaand).

De kernel module (nvidia.ko) bevat een particulier deel (ook wel bekend als de "binaire blob") dewelke jouw grafische kaart(en) bestuurt, en een open source deel die tijdens uitvoering de kernel en het particulier deel aan elkaar plakt ("glue"). Deze moeten goed samen te werken om te vermijden dat je data zou kunnen verliezen (door kernel paniek, X servers die vastlopen met niet opgeslagen data in X applicaties) en zelfs hardware problemen (zoals bijvoorbeeld verhitting of andere stroom beheer gerelateerde problemen).

Kernel Compatibiliteit

Eens in de zoveel tijd veranderd een nieuw uitgebrachte kernel zijn interne driver structuur (en: ABI), dit betekent dat alle drivers die deze structuur gebruiken veranderd moeten worden om deze nieuwe structuur te ondersteunen. Voor open source drivers, en in het bijzonder die dat met de kernel gedistribueerd worden, zijn deze verandering vrij triviaal om op te lossen omdat de aanroepen tussen de drivers en de andere delen van de kernel vrij gemakkelijk ingekeken kunnen worden. Voor particuliere drivers zoals nvidia.ko, werkt het iets anders. Wanneer een interne drivers structuur veranderd, kan je niet zomaar de kleeflaag ("glue") veranderen, omdat je niet echt weet hoe de kleeflaag door het particuliere deel gebruikt word. Als je er toch in slaagt om dingen mooi te doen werken, riskeer je alsnog dat de nvidia.ko in jouw nieuw, niet ondersteunde kernel mogelijk tot het verlies van data of problemen met hardware leidt.

Wanneer een nieuwe, niet compatibele kernel versie word vrijgegeven, is het mogelijk het beste om met de laatst ondersteunde kernel versie te blijven werken. Het duurt voor Nvidia enkele weken om een nieuwe particuliere versie vrij te geven waarvan ze denken dat deze klaar is voor algemeen gebruik. Wacht het gewoon even af. Als je desondanks toch tegen alle waarschuwingen in wil gaan, dan bieden de nvidia-drivers ebuilds ondersteuning voor het epatch_user commando van eutils.eclass: Dit staat toe om nvidia-drivers te patchen en op de een of andere manier toch te doen werken met de laatste, niet compatibele kernel versie die je zo graag wil draaien. Let hier wel mee op want de nvidia-drivers onderhouders en Nvidia zullen geen support bieden wanneer je problemen oploopt. De garantie van je hardware verloopt mogelijk, Gentoo's onderhouders gaan zich niet bezig houden met het oplossen van zulke problemen omdat enkel Nvidia over de mogelijkheden beschikt om de particuliere driver te debuggen, en de kernel onderheuders (zowel die van Gentoo als die van Linux) zullen zeker geen ondersteuning willen bieden aan particuliere drivers, of eender welk "bedorven" systeem dat hierdoor problemen heeft opgedaan.

If genkernel all was used to configure the kernel, then everything is all set. If not, double check the kernel configuration so that this support is enabled:

KERNEL Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES)
[*] Enable loadable module support --->

Je moet tevens Memory Type Range Register in je kernel activeren:

KERNEL Enable MTRR support (CONFIG_MTRR)
Processor type and features --->
   [*] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support

With at least some if not all driver versions it may also be required to enable VGA Arbitration and the IPMI message handler:

KERNEL Enable VGA Arbitration (CONFIG_VGA_ARB)
Device Drivers --->
   PCI support --->
      [*] VGA Arbitration
KERNEL Enable IPMI message handler (CONFIG_ACPI_IPMI)
Device Drivers --->
   Character devices --->
      [*] IPMI top-level message handler

Als je een AGP gebaseerde grafische kaart bezit, dan kan je optioneel agpgart ondersteuning aanzetten in de configuratie van de kernel; oftewel compileer je het dan in de kernel of maak je er een module van. Als je agpgart niet in de kernel compileert, dan zullen de drivers hun eigen agpgart implementatie gebruiken, genaamd NvAGP. Op sommige systemen zal je merken dat dit meer performant is dan de agpgart in de kernel; terwijl op andere systemen, het minder performant zal werken. Je zal dit voor jouw eigen systeem moeten evalueren om zelf de implementatie te kiezen die de beste performantie biedt voor jou. Als je niet zeker bent wat te doen, gebruik dan de implementatie in de kernel:

KERNEL Enable agpgart support (CONFIG_AGP)
Device Drivers --->
   Graphics support --->
      -*- /dev/agpgart (AGP Support) --->
Nota
Op een amd64 systeem zal de IOMMU de keuze van de agpgart optie bepalen.
Belangrijk
For x86 and AMD64 processors, the in-kernel framebuffer driver conflicts with the binary driver provided by NVIDIA. When compiling the kernel for these CPUs, completely remove support for the in-kernel driver as shown.
KERNEL Disable support for the in-kernel driver (CONFIG_FB_NVIDIA, CONFIG_FB_RIVA)
Device Drivers --->
    Graphics support --->
        Frame buffer Devices --->
            <*> Support for frame buffer devices --->
               < > nVidia Framebuffer Support
               < > nVidia Riva support

Now make sure the nouveau driver is disabled:

KERNEL Disable support for the nouveau driver (CONFIG_DRM_NOUVEAU)
Device Drivers  --->
    Graphics support  --->
        < > Nouveau (nVidia) cards

SimpleDRM must not be built-in (CONFIG_DRM_SIMPLEDRM=y)[1]. Effects of it being enabled might include: no TTY, not working Xorg sessions/Wayland compositors, etc. Nonetheless, it is harmless as a module (CONFIG_DRM_SIMPLEDRM=m).

KERNEL Disable SimpleDRM support (CONFIG_DRM_SIMPLEDRM)
Device Drivers --->
   Graphics support --->
      < > Simple framebuffer driver

A framebuffer driver is required for rendering the Linux console (TTY) as this functionality is not yet provided by the proprietary NVIDIA driver[2][3], i.e. nvidia-drivers, unlike in-tree DRM drivers, rely on other framebuffer drivers to provide Linux console (TTY) support, instead of providing its own. As shown below, set Mark VGA/VBE/EFI FB as generic system framebuffer (CONFIG_SYSFB_SIMPLEFB=y), and then enable a framebuffer driver. Common options for this are to use either efifb (CONFIG_FB_EFI=y) for UEFI devices or vesafb (CONFIG_FB_VESA=y) for BIOS/CSM devices. simplefb (CONFIG_FB_SIMPLE=y|m) may also be chosen, however there are reports of it not working, as there exist reports of it working as well as others; the decision is up to end user to make.

KERNEL Enable framebuffer drivers for the kernel 5.15 and later (CONFIG_SYSFB_SIMPLEFB, CONFIG_FB_VESA, CONFIG_FB_EFI, CONFIG_FB_SIMPLE)
Device Drivers --->
   Firmware Drivers  --->
      [*] Mark VGA/VBE/EFI FB as generic system framebuffer
   Graphics support --->
      Frame buffer Devices  --->
         <*> Support for frame buffer devices  --->
            [*] VESA VGA graphics support
            [*] EFI-based Framebuffer Support 
            <*> Simple framebuffer support

The nvidia-drivers ebuild automatically discovers the kernel version based on the /usr/src/linux symlink. Please ensure that this symlink is pointing to the correct sources and that the kernel is correctly configured. Please refer to the "Configuring the Kernel" section of the Gentoo Handbook for details on configuring the kernel.

First, choose the right kernel source using eselect. When using sys-kernel/gentoo-sources version 3.7.10 for instance, the kernel listing might look something like this:

root #eselect kernel list
Available kernel symlink targets:
  [1]   linux-3.7.10-gentoo *
  [2]   linux-3.7.9-gentoo

In the above output, notice that the linux-3.7.10-gentoo kernel is marked with an asterisk (*) to show that it is the kernel that the symbolic link points to.

If the symlink is not pointing to the correct sources, update the link by selecting the number of the desired kernel sources, as in the example above.

root #eselect kernel set 1

Kernel GCC plugins

If GCC plugins of the Kernel are enabled compilation of nvidia-drivers will use them. If the compiler version that was used to compile the plugins does not match the nvidia-drivers' compiler an error will occur.

KERNEL Enable GCC plugins (CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS)
General architecture-dependent options --->
   GCC plugins --->
      ...

This behavior cannot be fixed, see bug #804618 or various forum posts [4] [5] [6]. Using these plugins seems controversial, too [7].

If the problem occurs, re-compile the plugins (in /usr/src/linux):

root #make oldconfig && make prepare

Configuration

Drivers

Het is nu tijd om de drivers te installeren. U kan dit doen door eerst de X Server Configuratie te volgen en er op te letten dat u VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia" instelt in /etc/portage/make.conf. Wanneer u de X server dan installeert, zal dit de juiste versie van x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers installeren voor u.

Nota
De drivers kunnen worden geinstalleerd met de gtk USE flag in te stellen in /etc/portage/make.conf. Dit zal media-video/nvidia-settings installeren, een handig grafisch gereedschap programma om de verschillende aspecten van uw nVidia grafische kaart te controleren en te configureren.
Belangrijk
Telkens u een nieuwe kernel compileert of een huidige opnieuw compileert, zal u de nVidia kernel modules moeten herinstalleren om deze werkend te houden. Een gemakkelijke manier om op de hoogte te blijven van externe kernel modules (zoals nvidia-drivers) is sys-kernel/module-rebuild te installeren. Eens dit pakket is geïnstalleerd, kan u simpel module-rebuild populate uitvoeren om de module database automatisch in te vullen met een lijst van pakketten die herbouwd dienen te worden. Eens je klaar bent met het compileren of opnieuw compileren van de kernel, kan je simpelweg module-rebuild rebuild uitvoeren om de drivers te herbouwen voor jouw nieuwe kernel.

Eens de installatie gedaan is voer je modprobe nvidia uit om de kernel module in het geheugen te laden. Als dit een upgrade is dien je eerst de module te verwijderen.

root #lsmod | grep nvidia
root #rmmod nvidia
root #modprobe nvidia

Kernel module signing (optional)

Nota
The information in this section is not necessary for systems that do not implement signed kernel modules. Feel free to skip it.

If secure boot kernel signing is used, then the NVIDIA kernel modules need to be signed before they can be loaded.

This can be accomplished by using the kernel-provided perl script as follows.

root #/usr/src/linux/scripts/sign-file sha512 /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.pem /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.x509 /lib/modules/Kernel-Version-modules-path/video/nvidia-uvm.ko
root #/usr/src/linux/scripts/sign-file sha512 /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.pem /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.x509 /lib/modules/Kernel-Version-modules-path/video/nvidia.ko

As of driver version 358.09 a new module has been made to handle monitor mode setting and for this driver version this module must also be signed.

root #/usr/src/linux/scripts/sign-file sha512 /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.pem /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.x509 /lib/modules/Kernel-Version-modules-path/video/nvidia-modeset.ko

When using a Wayland compositor or need to use PRIME offload, sign the following two modules:

root #/usr/src/linux/scripts/sign-file sha512 /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.pem /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.x509 /lib/modules/Kernel-Version-modules-path/video/nvidia-drm.ko
root #/usr/src/linux/scripts/sign-file sha512 /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.pem /usr/src/linux/certs/signing_key.x509 /lib/modules/Kernel-Version-modules-path/video/nvidia-peermem.ko

Once the modules are signed, the driver will load as expected on boot up. This module signing method can be used to sign other modules too - not only the nvidia-drivers. Just modify the path and corresponding module accordingly.

Dracut configuration (optional)

When using Dracut, it may be worthwhile to ensure that the NVIDIA modules are not bundled in the generated ramdisk (initramfs) image. Otherwise, every update may require regeneration of the image.

FILE /etc/dracut.conf.d/nvidia.confDisabling NVIDIA modules in ramdisk
# Omit the nvidia driver from the ramdisk, to avoid needing to regenerate
# the ramdisk on updates.
omit_drivers+=" nvidia nvidia-drm nvidia-modeset nvidia-uvm "

The X server

Once the appropriate drivers are installed, the X server should work without any extra configuration. An example of /etc/X11/xorg.conf for single-GPU systems is provided below.

FILE /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/nvidia.confExplicit nvidia driver section
Section "Device"
   Identifier  "nvidia"
   Driver      "nvidia"
EndSection

For laptops with integrated Intel graphics card, try the XOrg config as suggested by the NVIDIA/Optimus page.

nvidia-persistenced

NVIDIA packages a daemon called nvidia-persistenced to assist in situations where the tearing down of the GPU device state isn't desired. Typically, the tearing down of the device state is the intended behavior of the device driver. Still, the latencies incurred by repetitive device initialization can significantly impact performance for some applications.

nvidia-persistenced is intended to be run as a daemon from system initialization and is generally designed as a tool for compute-only platforms where the NVIDIA device is not used to display a graphical user interface. Depending on the user's system and its uses, it may not be necessary to set persistenced USE flag.

Currently, Gentoo does not elect to set the persistenced USE flag as default.

Permissions

The user(s) needing to access the video card will need to be added to the video group:

root #gpasswd -a larry video

Note that users will be able to run X without permission to the DRI subsystem, but hardware acceleration will be disabled. For Wayland sessions not setting this may result in a very low FPS.

PCI-Express Runtime D3 (RTD3) Power Management

NVIDIA GPUs have many power-saving mechanisms. Some of them will reduce clocks and voltages to different parts of the chip. Sometimes, turning off clocks or power to parts of the chip entirely, without affecting functionality or continuing to function, just at a slower speed.

The NVIDIA Linux driver includes initial experimental support for dynamically managing power to the NVIDIA GPU.

Thus, this feature is available only when the following conditions are satisfied:

  • This feature is supported only on notebooks.
  • This feature requires system hardware as well as ACPI support. The necessary hardware and ACPI support was first added in the Intel Coffeelake chipset series. Hence, this feature is supported from Intel Coffeelake chipset series.
  • This feature requires a Turing or newer GPU.
  • This feature is supported with Linux kernel versions 4.18 and newer. With older kernel versions, it may not work as intended.
  • This feature is supported when Linux kernel defines CONFIG_PM=y. Typically, if the system supports S3 (suspend-to-RAM), then CONFIG_PM would be defined.

Setup

If the user wants to enable this feature, then it's recommended to follow the 'Automated Setup' section in Chapter 22 of the official NVIDIA README documentation. It has also been outlined below for convenience.

Create a file named 80-nvidia-pm.rules in /etc/udev/rules.d/ directory with the following contents:

FILE /etc/udev/rules.d/80-nvidia-pm.rules
# Enable runtime PM for NVIDIA VGA/3D controller devices on driver bind
ACTION=="bind", SUBSYSTEM=="pci", ATTR{vendor}=="0x10de", ATTR{class}=="0x030000", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="auto"
ACTION=="bind", SUBSYSTEM=="pci", ATTR{vendor}=="0x10de", ATTR{class}=="0x030200", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="auto"

# Disable runtime PM for NVIDIA VGA/3D controller devices on driver unbind
ACTION=="unbind", SUBSYSTEM=="pci", ATTR{vendor}=="0x10de", ATTR{class}=="0x030000", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="on"
ACTION=="unbind", SUBSYSTEM=="pci", ATTR{vendor}=="0x10de", ATTR{class}=="0x030200", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="on"

The following file needs be added to /etc/modprobe.d/ file to seamlessly enable this feature.

FILE /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-pm.conf
# Enable RTD3
options nvidia NVreg_DynamicPowerManagement=0x02

More information and other configuration options are documented in Chapter 22 of NVIDIA's README documentation.

Enabling global NVIDIA support

Most NVIDIA GPUs are capable of donig hardware encoding/decoding, the support matrix can be found here. GeForce 8 series and later GPUs do come with VDPAU support which superseded legacy XvMCNVIDIA support. Some ebuilds, like media-video/ffmpeg and media-video/obs-studio, have USE flags vdpau and nvenc to enable support for NVIDIA hardware encoding/decoding.

There are also some applications that use the nvidia USE flag, so it might be a good idea to add it to /etc/portage/make.conf.

Then, run emerge -uD --newuse @world to rebuild the applications that benefit from the USE flag change.

Using the NVIDIA settings tool

NVIDIA also provides a settings tool. This tool allows the user to monitor and change graphical settings without restarting the X server and is available through Portage as part of x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers with the tools USE flag set.

Usage

Je grafische kaart testen

Om je nVidia kaart te testen, start X en voer glxinfo uit, welke deel uit maakt van het x11-apps/mesa-progs pakket. Het zou moeten weergeven dat direct rendering geactiveerd is:

user $glxinfo | grep direct
direct rendering: Yes

Om de FPS te controleren, voer je glxgears uit.

Problemen Oplossen

For an overview of the currently open bugs reported against the x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers package, take a look at the Gentoo bugtracker: known bugs.

Random freezes

Freezes can occur for various reasons. Check that:

  • All power saving options turned off in the system firmware setup.
  • Only the original (from installation) driver options card defined in the /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf file.

FATAL: modpost: GPL-incompatible module *.ko uses GPL-only symbol

When the ebuild is complaining about the 'mutex_destroy' GPL-only symbol:

root #emerge x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers
FATAL: modpost: GPL-incompatible module nvidia.ko uses GPL-only symbol 'mutex_destroy'

Be sure to disable CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES in the kernel's .config file, as suggested by this forum thread.

Driver fails to initialize when MSI interrupts are enabled

The Linux NVIDIA driver uses Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) by default. This provides compatibility and scalability benefits, mainly due to the avoidance of IRQ sharing. Some systems have been seen to have problems supporting MSI, while working fine with virtual wire interrupts. These problems manifest as an inability to start X with the NVIDIA driver, or CUDA initialization failures.

MSI interrupts can be disabled via the NVIDIA kernel module parameter NVreg_EnableMSI=0. This can be set on the command line when loading the module, or more appropriately via the distribution's kernel module configuration files (such as those under /etc/modprobe.d/).

For instance:

FILE /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.confSetting nvidia NVreg_EnableMSI
# Nvidia drivers support
alias char-major-195 nvidia
alias /dev/nvidiactl char-major-195
  
# To tweak the driver the following options can be used, note that
# you should be careful, as it could cause instability!! For more 
# options see /usr/share/doc/nvidia-drivers-337.19/README 
#
# !!! SECURITY WARNING !!!
# DO NOT MODIFY OR REMOVE THE DEVICE FILE RELATED OPTIONS UNLESS YOU KNOW
# WHAT YOU ARE DOING.
# ONLY ADD TRUSTED USERS TO THE VIDEO GROUP, THESE USERS MAY BE ABLE TO CRASH,
# COMPROMISE, OR IRREPARABLY DAMAGE THE MACHINE.
options nvidia NVreg_DeviceFileMode=0660 NVreg_DeviceFileUID=0 NVreg_DeviceFileGID=27 NVreg_ModifyDeviceFiles=1 NVreg_EnableMSI=0

2D werkend krijgen op machines met 4 GB of meer geheugen

Als je problemen hebt met de nVidia 2D acceleratie dan is dat mogelijk omdat je geen schrijf-combinerend bereik (EN: write-combining range) met MTRR hebt opgezet. Om dit na te gaan, controleer je de inhoud van /proc/mtrr:

root #cat /proc/mtrr

Elke lijn zou "write-back" of "write-combining" moeten bevatten. Als je een lijn ziet met "uncachable" dan zal je een instelling in je BIOS moeten veranderen om dit op te lossen.

Start opnieuw op en ga in de BIOS, vind dan de MTRR instellingen (mogelijk onder "CPU Settings"). Verander de instelling van "continuous" (continu) naar "discrete" (discreet) en start opnieuw op in Linux. Je zou nu moeten zien dat er geen "uncachable" meer te zien is en dat de 2D acceleratie nu werkt zonder enige problemen.

Alternatively, it might be necessary to enable MTRR cleanup support (CONFIG_MTRR_SANITIZER=Y) in the Linux kernel:

KERNEL Enable MTRR cleanup support
Processor type and features  --->
   [*]   MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support
   [*]   MTRR cleanup support 
   (0)     MTRR cleanup enable value (0-1) 
   (1)     MTRR cleanup spare reg num (0-7)

Failed to initialize DMA on Ryzen

Disable AMD Secure Memory Encryption[8]:

KERNEL Disable AMD Secure Memory Encryption (SME) support
Processor type and features  --->
   [ ]   AMD Secure Memory Encryption (SME) support

Wanneer ik een kernel module probeer te laden, krijg ik "no such device" (geen apparaat gevonden)

Dit wordt gewoonlijk veroorzaakt door een van de volgende problemen:

1. Je hebt helemaal geen nVidia grafische kaart. Controleer de lspci output om na te gaan of je wel degelijk een nVidia grafische kaart geïnstalleerd hebt en gedetecteerd wordt.

Direct rendering is not enabled

If direct rendering does not work, it may be because the kernel has Direct Rendering Manager enabled, which conflicts with the driver. See the direct rendering status by following instructions in the section Testing the card.

First, disable Direct Rendering Manager (CONFIG_DRM) in the kernel :

KERNEL Disabling Direct Rendering Manager
Device drivers --->
    Graphics support --->
        < > Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support)

Next, rebuild x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers since the driver may have built against the kernel DRM symbols. It should fix the problem.

Video playback stuttering or slow

Lately there seems to be some breaking with playback of some types of video with the NVIDIA binary drivers, causing slow video playback or significant stuttering. This problem seems to be occurring within the Intel CPU Idle replacement instead of the common ACPI CPU idling method for certain CPU's.

Disable the Intel CPU idling method using intel_idle.max_cstate=0 on the kernel command line boot method, which should cause the kernel to automatically fall back to the normal or older ACPI CPU idling method. Also, disabling the NVIDIA Powermizer feature, or setting Powermizer to maximum performance within nvidia-settings has been said to help. Although the Intel CPU idling method recently was introduced as the default CPU idling method for i5 and i7 CPUs (versus using ACPI CPU idling) is the root cause here. This idling method significantly solves the problem, however some minimal stuttering or slow video is encountered if deinterlacing was enabled; this is when the video is likely already deinterlaced (ie. alias mplayer-nodeint with something similar to {{{1}}} as a work around.)

If using GRUB as the bootloader, add this kernel parameter to /etc/default/grub like so:

FILE /etc/default/grubAdding intel_idle.max_cstate kernel parameter in GRUB
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="intel_idle.max_cstate=0"

Don't forget to run grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg after making the change, so that the new configuration is generated (see the GRUB article for further details).

After you have rebooted, you can verify that the change is active:

user $cat /sys/module/intel_idle/parameters/max_cstate
0

No HDMI Output/Video/Sound

This problem tended to occur whenever the HDMI hub device turned-off for a period of time, or the computer was started with an HDMI hub device turned off.

First, find the PCI device ID, using lspci.

When this problem occurs, substitute the PCI ID within the following command for rescanning the PCI bus:

root #echo on > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000\:06\:00.0/power/control

This avoides disable runtime power management for PCI function 0, placing this PCI bus always on.

See: https://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/435.17/README/dynamicpowermanagement.html

No vertical synchronization (no VSync, tearing) in OpenGL applications

Adding the following option to the screen section prevents tearing on GTX 660, 660 Ti, and probably some other GPUs (reference):

FILE /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "Screen"
     . . .
    Option         "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }"
     . . .
EndSection

udevd using 100% of the CPU, X server failed to start

Workaround available in bug #670340 comment #8

Distorted white lines during early boot

If nothing but a black screen with distorted white lines appears right after the kernel and initramfs is loaded, try disabling CONFIG_SYSFB_SIMPLEFB and all framebuffer device drivers except CONFIG_FB_EFI.

ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid.

When building nvidia-drivers, a message could appear like:

root #emerge x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers
...
* Preparing nvidia module
make -j8 HOSTCC=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc 'LDFLAGS=-m elf_x86_64' NV_VERBOSE=1 IGNORE_CC_MISMATCH=yes SYSSRC=/usr/src/linux SYSOUT=/usr/src/linux modules 
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-5.15.23-gentoo'
test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || (		\
echo >&2;							\
echo >&2 "  ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid.";		\
echo >&2 "         include/generated/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing.";\
echo >&2 "         Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it.";	\
echo >&2 ;							\
/bin/false)

This is not an error but the code logic that checks for this error. Therefore, the kernel configuration is in fact not invalid.

Plymouth can't find nvidia-uvm module

When using systemd, it may be worth considering adding the following configuration to /etc/modprobe.d to ensure that nvidia-uvm is loaded as a soft dependency of the nvidia module. This helps prevent an error that happens when the configuration file is added to the initrd but not the nvidia-uvm module; causing an error on Plymouth about not being able to find the nvidia-uvm module.

This may not be required unless specifically using Dracut, systemd, and observe the error produced by Plymouth (not finding nvidia-uvm) in the logs.

FILE /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-uvm.confMake nvidia-uvm a soft dependency of the nvidia module (on systemd)
# Make a soft dependency for nvidia-uvm as adding the module loading to
# /usr/lib/modules-load.d/nvidia-uvm.conf for systemd consumption, makes the
# configuration file to be added to the initrd but not the module, throwing an
# error on plymouth about not being able to find the module.
# Ref: /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/00systemd/module-setup.sh

# Even adding the module is not the correct thing, as we don't want it to be
# included in the initrd, so use this configuration file to specify the
# dependency.

softdep nvidia post: nvidia-uvm

Wayland GLAMOR (weird keyboard typing bug)

Symtoms: weird keyboard behavior when trying, it deletes and redraw the characters.

Affected: xwayland apps, i noticed it especially on discord and skype

Reported at : https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/-/issues/1317

Workaround: 

XWAYLAND_NO_GLAMOR=1

Enable this envvar and it will disable GLAMOR, will take more resources but the issue won't occur anymore. you can just add it to /etc/environment file. more information in the gitlab link.

  • notice: disabling glamor causes wine-proton games to work a lot slower and there are reports of steam for linux not even starting.

API mismatch

Symptoms: API mismatch can cause launching GPU accelerated applications to fail to launch. It can also cause external displays which are connected via a discrete NVIDIA graphics card to be detected, but not be enabled or activated (the screen will show up in xrandr, but will refuse to display output - the display will stay in low power mode.).

Detection: This problem can be detected using a few different methods:

1. Compare the currently loaded kernel module version with the currently available userspace management utilities.

Kernel module check:

user $modinfo nvidia | grep version | head -n 1
version:        515.65.01

Userspace utility version:

user $nvidia-settings --version | grep version
nvidia-settings:  version 520.56.06

Observe in the previous command output there is a difference in the patch versions: 515.65.01 vs 515.65.06.

2. Something like the following message will be written to the dmesg log:

user $dmesg
[  337.995427] NVRM: API mismatch: the client has the version 520.56.06, but
               NVRM: this kernel module has the version 515.65.01.  Please
               NVRM: make sure that this kernel module and all NVIDIA driver
               NVRM: components have the same version.
[  339.048386] [drm:nv_drm_dumb_map_offset [nvidia_drm]] *ERROR* [nvidia-drm] [GPU ID 0x00000100] Failed to lookup gem object for mapping: 0x00000006
[  339.048400] [drm:nv_drm_dumb_map_offset [nvidia_drm]] *ERROR* [nvidia-drm] [GPU ID 0x00000100] Failed to lookup gem object for mapping: 0x00000007

3. The post-install ebuild log output also includes logic to detect for the API mismatch and instructions for the solution:

user $emerge @module-rebuild
>>> Installing (1 of 1) x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers-520.56.06::gentoo
 * >>> SetUID: [chmod go-r] /usr/bin/nvidia-modprobe ...                                                                             [ ok ]
 * Removing x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers-520.56.06 from moduledb.
 * Updating module dependencies for 6.0.5-gentoo-x86_64 ...                                                                          [ ok ]
 * Adding module to moduledb.
 * Currently loaded NVIDIA modules do not match the newly installed
 * libraries and may prevent launching GPU-accelerated applications.
 * The easiest way to fix this is usually to reboot

Cause: API mismatch occurs when the nvidia kernel modules are of a different version than the userspace utilities. This occurs when a full system reboot is not performed after an nvidia-drivers package the update.

Solution: The simplest solution is to perform a full system reboot.

Expert Configuratie

Open source kernel modules

Opgepast
This is extremely experimental! Features are still missing and nvidia themselves don't claim that this is ready yet for desktop usage. Do not report bugs on Gentoo's Bugzilla unless it is packaging related.

In May 2022, Nvidia announced work towards open sourcing their graphics cards' kernel drivers. The driver is hosted on GitHub.

Adventurous users can try out the new features by enabling the corresponding USE flag:

FILE /etc/portage/package.use
x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers kernel-open

Documentatie

Het x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers pakket komt ook met een gedetailleerde documentatie. Deze documentatie is geinstalleerd in /usr/share/doc en kan worden bekeken met behulp van het volgende commando:

user $less /usr/share/doc/nvidia-drivers-*/README.bz2

Kernel module parameters

De nvidia kernel module accepteert enkele parameters (opties) dewelke je kan gebruiken om de experimenteren met de werking van de driver. De meeste parameters zijn vermeld in de documentatie. Om parameters toe te voegen of te veranderen, wijzig je het bestand /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf. Vergeet niet om update-modules uit te voeren na het wijzigen van dit bestand, en vergeet ook niet dat je de nvidia module zal moeten herladen voor dat deze nieuwe instellingen enig effect zullen hebben.

Opgepast
Pay close attention to this section as these kernel options can enable features that the hardware may or may not support. These options are not forgiving, so be careful with the parameters. Do not made any changes without validating and double-checking that the change is needed.
Attribute Default Description
NVreg_DeviceFileUID 0 Modify the user ID for the device file. The default value sets it to the root user. Setting this to another user ID will make the driver module create the device file with access available to that user ID.
NVreg_DeviceFileGID 27 Modify the Group ID for the device file. The default value sets it to the video group.
NVreg_DeviceFileMode Undefined Set the permissions for the device file. A value of 0660 grants the owner and group-owner read-write access while other users cannot access the device file.
NVreg_ModifyDeviceFiles 1 Instruct the driver to enable or disable dynamic device file management.
NVreg_EnablePCIeGen3 0 Enable PCIe Gen 3.x support. If the system supports this 8GT high speed bus then enable it with this module option flag. When this is enabled but the system does not support Gen 3.0, the behavior of the system can become irratic and unstable. Some have even reported damage to hardware enabling this when it is not properly supported. By default the Nvidia driver is set to use PCIe Gen 2.x for compatibility reasons.
NVreg_UsePageAttributeTable 0 This is one of the latest and newest additions to the Nvidia driver modules option. It allows the driver to take full advantage of the PAT technology - a newer way of allocating memory, replacing the older Memory Type Range Register (MTRR) method. The PAT method creates a partition type table at a specific address mapped inside the register and utilizes the memory architecture and instruction set more efficiently and faster. If the computer supports PAT and the feature is enabled in the kernel then this flag can be enabled. Without PAT support, users may experience unstable performance and even crashes if this is enabled. So be careful with these options.
NVreg_EnableVia4x 0 Enable AGP 4x mode in the the NVIDIA driver on Via-chipset-powered systems. Some of these hardware configurations would not work properly in AGP 4x mode when others would. The default leaves it at AGP 2x mode.
NVreg_EnableALiAGP 0 On ALi1541 and ALi1647 chipsets, AGP support is by default disabled by the NVIDIA drivers. The value specifies the speed factor to use, so the values 1, 2, 4 and 8 represent AGP 1x, 2x, 4x and 8x respectively. NVIDIA does not recommend changing the value as it may lead to unstable systems.
NVreg_ReqAGPRate Unspecified Forces the AGP mode on the driver. For instance, a value of 1 means AGP 1x, while a value of 4 means AGP 4x.
NVreg_NvAGP Changes the AGP Gart mode setting. Possible values are: 0 (Disable), 1 (Enable using NVIDIAs internal AGP-Gart), 2 (Enable using the Linux kernel AGP-Gart) and 3 (Enable and use any available, but try th NVIDIA internal one first).
NVreg_EnableAGPSBA 0 Disables (0) or enables (1) AGP Side Banding. For stability reasons, the setting is by default disabled, but the setting can be enabled for testing and debugging purposes. This is not supported by NVIDIA though.
NVreg_EnableAGPFW 0 Enables AGP Fast-Writes when set to 1. Depending on the system's chipset this may cause stability issues if enabled.
NVreg_Mobile 0 Through this setting, users can force the EDID information for particular systems. This workaround is provided for mobile GPU's where EDID information is either non-functional or disabled. Potential values are 0 (Auto detection of the correct setting), 1 (Dell notebooks), 2 (non-Compaq Toshiba laptops), 3 (All other notebooks/laptops), 4 (Compaq Toshiba laptops) or 5 (Gateway machines).
NVreg_RemapLimit 60 Maximum amount of system memory remapping. It specifies the amount of memory that the driver will be allowed to remap through the IOMMU/SWIOTLB on a 64-bit system. Only use it if the IOMMU or SMIOTLB is larger than 64mb. NVIDIA recommends to subtract 4mb from the total amount of memory to use. For instance, the default value is 60 which is in fact 64mb. To set it to 128mb, set the value to 124.
NVreg_UpdateMemoryTypes 0 Tweak the use of page table attributes. Possible values are: 0 (Nvidias logic mechanism), 1 (Enable the use of changed page table attributes) and 2 (Disable the use of page table attributes).
NVreg_InitializeSystemMemoryAllocations 1 Tell the NVIDIA driver to clear system memory allocations prior to using it for the GPUs. Disabling can give a slight performance boost but at the cost of increased security risks. By default the driver will wipe the allocated by zeroing out its content.
NVreg_UseVBios 1 Enable or disable the use of the video BIOS int10 code. Set to 0 to disable.
NVreg_RMEdgeIntrCheck Unspecified Enable or disable checking for edge-triggered interrupts.
NVreg_EnableMSI 1 Enable or disable PCIe-MSI capabilities. Enable this to use MSI interrupts instead of wired interrupts.
NVreg_MapRegistersEarly 0 If set to 1, allow the driver to map the memory locations early when the system is probing the hardware instead of the default option of doing this when loaded by modprobe or during startx. This is a debugging feature.
NVreg_RegisterForACPIEvents 1 Enable the driver to register with the ACPI of the system to receive ACPI events. This can be disabled (0) when issues occur with ACPI or while debugging an issue.
NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware Varies Enable or disable use of GSP firmware. Turing and later GPUs include a GPU System Processor (GSP) which can be used to offload GPU initialization and management tasks. When using GSP firmware, the driver will not yet correctly support display-related features or power management related features. These features will be added to GSP firmware in future driver releases.

Wijzig /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf met je favoriete tekst editor:

root #nano -w /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
root #update-modules

Ontlaad de nvidia module...

root #modprobe -r nvidia

... en laad het terug opnieuw in:

root #modprobe nvidia

Geavanceerde X configuratie

De GLX laag heeft ook een heleboel opties die geconfigureerd kunnen worden. Deze bepalen de configuratie van de TV uitgang, meerdere schermen, detectie van de frequentie van de monitor, en zo voort... Deze beschikbare opties zijn ook gedetailleerd vermeld in de documentatie.

Als je wens een van deze opties te gebruiken, zal je deze in de relevante Device sectie van het X configuratie bestand dienen te vermelden (gewoonlijk /etc/X11/xorg.conf). Bijvoorbeeld, stel dat ik het introductie logo wil uitzetten:

FILE /etc/X11/xorg.confSchakel het introductie logo uit.
Section "Device"
  Identifier "nVidia Inc. GeForce2"
  Driver     "nvidia"
  Option     "NoLogo" "true"
  VideoRam   65536
EndSection

Zie ook

Bedankt

We zouden graag de volgende auteurs en redacteurs willen bedanken voor hun contributies aan deze handleiding: Sven Vermeulen, Joshua Saddler, M Curtis Napier en Chris Gianelloni.

References

  1. ↑ https://github.com/NVIDIA/open-gpu-kernel-modules/issues/228
  2. ↑ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216303#c5
  3. ↑ https://github.com/NVIDIA/open-gpu-kernel-modules/issues/341#issuecomment-1201748789
  4. ↑ https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1103798-start-0.html
  5. ↑ https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1103938-start-0.html
  6. ↑ https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1117792-start-0.html
  7. ↑ https://lwn.net/ml/linux-kernel/CAHk-=whA6zru0BaNm4uu5KyZe+aQpRScOnmc9hdOpO3W+xN9Xw@mail.gmail.com/
  8. ↑ https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1039297/linux/unable-to-start-x-failed-to-initialize-dma-/

This page is based on a document formerly found on our main website gentoo.org.
The following people contributed to the original document: Sven Vermeulen (SwifT) , M Curtis Napier, and Chris Gianelloni
They are listed here because wiki history does not allow for any external attribution. If you edit the wiki article, please do not add yourself here; your contributions are recorded on each article's associated history page.

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