KDE

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This page is a translated version of the page KDE and the translation is 18% complete.
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KDE는 유명한 플라즈마 데스크톱 환경을 포함하여 다양한 목적의 프로그램을 만드는 자유 소프트웨어 커뮤니티입니다.

이전 플라즈마 4와 차세대 KDE 프레임워크 5, 플라즈마 5, 프로그램 5, 기타 KDE 기반 프로그램을 실제로 꾸러미를 구성하므로 젠투의 KDE 지원은 완벽합니다.

선행 과정

프로파일

중요
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.

필수는 아니지만 설치를 쉽게 해주고 부드러운 KDE 동작을 보장하는 글로벌 플래그 및 꾸러미별 USE 플래그를 설정하니 적절한 프로파일en을 선택하시는게 좋습니다.

가장 적당한 프로파일을 선택하려면, 우선 존재 목록을 확인하십시오:

root #eselect profile list
  [1]   default/linux/amd64/13.0
  [2]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/selinux
  [3]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop
  [4]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome
  [5]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome/systemd
  [6]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/kde
  [7]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/kde/systemd
  [8]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma
  [9]   default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/plasma/systemd
  ...

그 다음 올바른 프로파일을 선택하시고 X를 적당한 번호로 바꾸십시오:

root #eselect profile set X

완벽한 플라즈마 5 데스크톱 환경을 사용하려면, OpenRC에 맞는 desktop/plasma 프로파일 또는, systemd에 맞는 desktop/plasma/systemd 프로파일을 선택하십시오. 이전 플라즈마 4 데스크톱 환경에서는 OpenRC 환경에 맞게 잘 다듬은 desktop/kde 프로파일 사용을 추천합니다. systemd를 사용한다면 대신 desktop/kde/systemd를 선택하십시오.

서비스

KDE 관련 프로그램을 설치하기 전에 다른 몇가지 서비스를 먼저 설치하는게 좋습니다. desktop/plasma 또는 desktop 프로파일 을 사용한다면 이 부분은 자동으로 끝납니다. 해당 서비스는 다음과 같습니다:

  • D-Bus: D-Bus 메시지 버스 시스템을 활성화 합니다.
  • polkit: 시스템 범위 서비스에 대한 권한을 다루는 polkit 프레임워크를 활성화 합니다.
  • udev: udev 리눅스 동적/영속적 장치 이름 부여 지원을 활성화합니다.
  • udisks: 저장소 관련 장치 지원을 활성화합니다.

Session tracker

반드시 하나를 선택하세요:

  • elogind: 독립 관리되는 logind 패키지입니다. desktop/plasma 프로파일을 선택했을 때 디폴트 값 입니다. OpenRC 또는 다른 이닛 시스템과 사용하기 위해 systemd로부터 추출되었습니다.
  • systemd: systemd의 세션 트랙커를 사용합니다. systemd 유저들은 여기서 다른 대안을 선택할 필요가 없습니다.

Device manager

요령
By default, systemd-utils is used on OpenRC systems, and systemd is used on systemd systems. Users who don't want to change providers should skip this step.

Choose exactly one of:

  • udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
  • eudev: Fork of udev for better compatibility with older kernels and various toolchains. No longer maintained by Gentoo, discouraged.
  • systemd: Uses the device manager part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.

Miscellaneous

  • D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
  • polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
  • udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.

X 서버

X 환경 설정 방법은 X 서버 절차 글을 읽고 따르십시오.

플라즈마

플라즈마 5는 Qt 5와 KDE 프레임워크 5를 기반으로 하는 차세대 KDE 데스크톱 환경입니다. 업스트림 설계 문제로 플라즈마 4와 함께 설치할 수는 없지만, 업그레이드는 좀 간단합니다.

가용 버전


KDE Gentoo Ebuild repository Status
KDE Plasma 5.27.11 kde-plasma/plasma-meta-5.27.11 gentoo Stable for amd64, arm64, and x86; Testing for arm, loong, ppc64, riscv
KDE Plasma 6.0.3 kde-plasma/plasma-meta-6.0.3 gentoo Masked, testing for amd64
KDE Plasma 6.0 stable branch kde-plasma/plasma-meta-6.0.49.9999 KDE Live version
KDE Plasma 6 master branch kde-plasma/plasma-meta-9999 KDE Live version
참고
진행하기 전, 플라즈마 프로파일을 선택했는지 확인하십시오. KDE 4 사용자라면 추가 단계를 거쳐야합니다..

설치

USE flags

kde-plasma/plasma-meta 꾸러미에는 완전한 플라즈마 5 모음이 들어있으며, 다음 USE 플래그로 설정합니다:

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 6 packages

accessibility Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library)
bluetooth Enable Bluetooth Support
browser-integration Enable integration with Chrome/Firefox with browser extensions
colord Enable kde-plasma/kwin color management via x11-misc/colord
crash-handler Pull in kde-plasma/drkonqi for assisted upstream crash reports
crypt Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration
cups Add support for CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)
desktop-portal Enable sys-apps/xdg-desktop-portal backend implementation for Plasma
discover Pull in resources management GUI; a centralised GHNS alternative and optional sys-apps/fwupd frontend
display-manager Pull in a graphical display manager
elogind Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind
firewall Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-firewall for system firewall administration
flatpak Pull in kde-plasma/flatpak-kcm for flatpak permissions administration
grub Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub
gtk Enable Breeze widget style and system settings module for GTK+
handbook Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE
kwallet Enable support for KWallet auto-unlocking via kde-plasma/kwallet-pam
legacy-systray Add support for legacy applications using kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy
networkmanager Enable net-misc/networkmanager support
oxygen-theme Pull in Oxygen icons, sound theme and visual style for KDE Plasma
plymouth Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth
pulseaudio Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management
qt5 Pull in required packages for seamless integration of KF5/Qt5-based applications
sddm Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and system settings module
sdk Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development
smart Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-disks for disk health monitoring
systemd Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
thunderbolt Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-thunderbolt control center module
unsupported Allow packages that are known to ruin runtime experience ** DO NOT FILE BUGS WITH THIS ENABLED **
wacom Pull in kde-plasma/wacomtablet control center module
wallpapers Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace
webengine Use kde-apps/khelpcenter to access the locally installed KDE Help System Handbook
xwayland Enable Wayland windows screensharing to XWayland applications via gui-apps/xwaylandvideobridge
Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-04-16 19:50 More information about USE flags

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 6 packages

accessibility Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library)
bluetooth Enable Bluetooth Support
browser-integration Enable integration with Chrome/Firefox with browser extensions
colord Enable kde-plasma/kwin color management via x11-misc/colord
crash-handler Pull in kde-plasma/drkonqi for assisted upstream crash reports
crypt Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration
cups Add support for CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)
desktop-portal Enable sys-apps/xdg-desktop-portal backend implementation for Plasma
discover Pull in resources management GUI; a centralised GHNS alternative and optional sys-apps/fwupd frontend
display-manager Pull in a graphical display manager
elogind Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind
firewall Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-firewall for system firewall administration
flatpak Pull in kde-plasma/flatpak-kcm for flatpak permissions administration
grub Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub
gtk Enable Breeze widget style and system settings module for GTK+
handbook Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE
kwallet Enable support for KWallet auto-unlocking via kde-plasma/kwallet-pam
legacy-systray Add support for legacy applications using kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy
networkmanager Enable net-misc/networkmanager support
oxygen-theme Pull in Oxygen icons, sound theme and visual style for KDE Plasma
plymouth Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth
pulseaudio Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management
qt5 Pull in required packages for seamless integration of KF5/Qt5-based applications
sddm Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and system settings module
sdk Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development
smart Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-disks for disk health monitoring
systemd Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
thunderbolt Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-thunderbolt control center module
unsupported Allow packages that are known to ruin runtime experience ** DO NOT FILE BUGS WITH THIS ENABLED **
wacom Pull in kde-plasma/wacomtablet control center module
wallpapers Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace
webengine Use kde-apps/khelpcenter to access the locally installed KDE Help System Handbook
xwayland Enable Wayland windows screensharing to XWayland applications via gui-apps/xwaylandvideobridge
Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-04-16 19:50 More information about USE flags

Emerge

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-meta

대신, 사용자가 필요한 추가 꾸러미만 설치할 수 있게 kde-plasma/plasma-desktop에서 기본 데스크톱을 지원합니다.

참고
이 대안 설치 방식을 활용할 경우 kde-plasma/powerdevil (전원 관리, 대기, 최대 절전 옵션) 및 kde-plasma/systemsettings 중요한 꾸러미가 일부 빠질 수 있음을 참고하십시오.

디스플레이 관리자

Display manager

SDDMen (단순 데스크톱 디스플레이 관리자)는 기본적으로 kde-plasma/plasma-meta 꾸러미로 자동으로 끌어오는 추천 로그인 관리자 프로그램입니다. 이 프로그램은 선호 선택지입니다. 대신, kde-plasma/plasma-meta에서 -sddm USE 플래그를 설정하여, LightDM 을 끌어다 쓸 수 있습니다. 사용하려는 디스플레이 관리자 프로그램을 /etc/conf.d/xdm 에서 바꾸십시오. 또한, 언급한 내용 이외의 문제가 나타난다면 SDDMen 페이지를 읽어 확인하십시오.

No display manager

Plasma can be started the old-fashioned way with startx, but extra care needs to be taken to ensure it gets a valid session.

파일 ~/.xinitrc
#!/bin/sh
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-x11

When using Wayland, Plasma can be launched with dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-wayland.

This can be added to a user's profile file which will be executed when logging in:

파일 ~/.profile
#!/bin/sh
dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-wayland

위젯

여러가지 쓸만한 위젯은 kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons 꾸러미에 있습니다:

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons

System tray

Plasma uses the StatusNotifier specification for systray icons [1]. As not all applications have been ported to the new system, some workarounds exist [2], and Plasma has a means to convert old xembed-based system tray icons to StatusNotifier icons.

Legacy support is enabled by activating legacy-systray for kde-plasma/plasma-meta, which is pulling in kde-plasma/xembed-sni-proxy.

파일 /etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta
# xembed system tray support for legacy applications
kde-plasma/plasma-meta legacy-systray

Pidgin

net-im/pidgin requires x11-plugins/pidgin-indicator. After install, the Ubuntu Indicator plugin can be found under Tools | Plugins.

KWallet

Many users will be introduced to kde-frameworks/kwallet, Plasma's encrypted password storage, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login or adding E-Mail accounts in kde-apps/kmail.

For managing KWallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is kde-apps/kwalletmanager:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanager

KWallet auto-unlocking

kde-plasma/kwallet-pam provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kwallet-pam

It requires the following setup:

  • For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
  • Choose same password for login and kwallet
  • Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both x11-misc/sddm and x11-misc/lightdm fulfill that requirement:
파일 /etc/pam.d/sddmConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via SDDM
-auth           optional        pam_kwallet5.so
-session        optional        pam_kwallet5.so auto_start

For unlocking on tty login (no display manager, or like gui-apps/tuigreet), edit /etc/pam.d/login accordingly. You will need to specify the force_run parameter.

파일 /etc/pam.d/greetdConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via Greetd
-auth           optional        pam_kwallet5.so
-session        optional        pam_kwallet5.so auto_start force_run
참고
For LightDM, /etc/pam.d/lightdm needs to be edited instead.
참고
If the filesystem containing a user's KWallet files is mounted by pam_mount upon logging on, it may be required to copy ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.salt to the same path on the root filesystem. Otherwise, PAM attempts to unlock KWallet before the home directory is available and fails. The file ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.kwl which actually contains the encrypted KWallet passwords does not need to be copied.

Disabling KWallet

To disable the KWallet subsystem completely, edit the following file:

파일 ~/.config/kwalletrc
[Wallet]
Enabled=false

SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts

ssh-agent scripts are located in /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/env and /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/shutdown. Shutdown scripts require executable bit set because they are not sourced. The Keychain article provides more information about this.

Non-root user authentication for dialogs

Some KDE dialogs such as printers, adding wireless networks and adding users require administrator authentication. This is handled through sys-auth/polkit and operates independently from app-admin/sudo. By default in Gentoo, the root account is the only administrator, and so even if a user account can run root commands through sudo, authentication in these KDE dialogs will fail.

Adding wireless networks using net-misc/networkmanager is allowed by a polkit rule which is part of the Gentoo package and already allows access for every user in the group plugdev. For other dialogs the behavior must be configured manually: If all users of the group wheel are required to be administrators, create a copy of /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d/50-default.rules starting with a number lower than 50, and edit the line return ["unix-user:0"] to the following:

파일 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/49-wheel.rulesAdministrator wheel group
polkit.addAdminRule(function(action, subject) {
    return ["unix-group:wheel"];
});

The Polkit wiki page provides more details on rules configuration.

Run GUI applications with root privileges

경고
It could be a very bad idea to start GUI applications with root privileges, versus adding the regular user to the relevant group or simply just running the command unprivileged. Only use kdesu when absolutely necessary.

KDE Plasma has a utility in order to start graphical programs with root privileges. It is provided by kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools - if built with USE flag kdesu, a graphical frontend to kde-frameworks/kdesu is installed. This requires Xorg, and only works within X[3].

파일 /etc/portage/package.use/kde-plasma-settingsChange USE flags for kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools
# Build graphical frontend for kde-frameworks/kdesu (requires X)
kde-plasma/kde-cli-tools kdesu X

Remember to rebuild the package to pick up the changes:

root #emerge -1 kde-cli-tools

It can be used by invoking kdesu either from KRunner or a terminal emulator:

user $kdesu <program-name>

A message dialog will be displayed prompting for the root password.

참고
Some applications such as kwrite, dolphin etc. refuse to be opened with kdesu for security reasons.
참고
{{{1}}}

Files

XDG standard directories are being used for KDE Plasma and KDE applications:

  • $XDG_CONFIG_HOME (defaults to $HOME/.config) - Configuration files
  • $XDG_DATA_HOME (defaults to $HOME/.local/share) - Application data

Removal

The first step to remove KDE Plasma and its dependencies is to unmerge kde-plasma/plasma-meta. This will not yet remove any files from the installation, so the desktop environment will keep running:

root #emerge --ask --depclean --verbose kde-plasma/plasma-meta

In a next step it makes sense to scan /etc/portage directory for any KDE Plasma specific entries in package.mask, package.unmask and package.accept_keywords and clean them up.

Finally, run the command to uninstall any Plasma packages and their dependencies. It would make sense to quit any running Plasma session beforehand:

root #emerge --ask --depclean  
경고
Please note that this will not just remove KDE Plasma but also any other package not registered (or being depended on) in @world. It makes sense to carefully read through the list of packages to be removed before continuing. Alternatively, run this command prior to unmerging of kde-plasma/plasma-meta to get an overview of already dangling packages on the system.

프로그램

Qt 4/KDElibs 4와 마찬가지로 Qt 5/KDE 프레임웍스 5 에 기반한 다양한 프로그램과 라이브러리로 이루어진 출시 모음은 차후 장기 지원 상태로 들어갑니다. 포티지에서는, 슬롯을 4 와 5로 나누어 구분합니다. 각각의 주 출시판을 프레임웍스 5에 맞춰 이식해가고 있으며, 잘 다듬어 이식한 프로그램이 들어갑니다. 때문에 동시에 설치할 수 없는 동일한 라이브러리의 슬롯 4, 5에 두 꾸러미가 의존할 경우, 주 출시작에서 이 두 꾸러미에 잠재적인 설치 의존성 문제가 있을 수 있음을 참고하십시오. 이런 문제를 지닌 메타 꾸러미를 바로 잡아가고 있으며 일부의 경우에는 더 견고한 새 이식 버전으로 맞춰 나갑니다.

존재하는 버전

KDE Gentoo Ebuild repository Status
KDE Gear 23.08.5 kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-23.08.5 gentoo Stable for amd64, arm64, ppc64 and x86
KDE Gear 24.02.2 kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-24.02.2 gentoo Masked, testing for amd64
KDE Gear master branch kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-9999 KDE Live version

물론 직접 고를 수도 있는 다음의 작은 메타 꾸러미를 설치합니다:

Package name Description
kde-apps/kdeaccessibility-meta Accessibility applications and utilities.
kde-apps/kdeadmin-meta Administrative utilities, which helps in managing the system.
kde-apps/kdecore-meta Basic applications such as file browser, editor, terminal emulator.
kde-apps/kdeedu-meta Educational applications and games.
kde-apps/kdegames-meta Standard desktop games.
kde-apps/kdegraphics-meta Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc.
kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta Audio and video playback applications and services.
kde-apps/kdenetwork-meta Network applications and VNC services.
kde-apps/kdepim-meta PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc.
kde-apps/kdesdk-meta Various development tools.
kde-apps/kdeutils-meta Standard desktop utilities such as a archiver, a calculator, etc.

Installation

kde-apps/kde-apps-meta 꾸러미에서는 전체 프로그램 번들을 제공합니다:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kde-apps-meta

If not all the packages are required, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead. Alternatively, it is possible to set USE flags to reduce the number of applications installed by kde-apps/kde-apps-meta.

지역화

Plasma and Applications are shipping their localization per-package. Enable desired localization in System Settings.

KDE PIM

KDE PIM is a whole suite of applications to manage personal information including mail, calendar, contacts and more. It has several optional runtime dependencies to extend its functionality:

프레임워크

KDE 프레임워크 5는 라이브러리 및 KDE 플라즈마 5 및 KDE 어플리케이션 5용 파운데이션을 제공하는 소프트웨어 프레임워크 모음입니다만, Qt 프로그램이나 마찬가지입니다.

프레임워크에 대부분의 라이브러리가 있고 약간의 사용 기능성을 제공하긴 하지만 직접 설치할 필요는 없습니다. 필요한 꾸러미는 의존 여부에 따라 자동으로 끌어옵니다.

가용 버전


KDE Gentoo Ebuild repository Status
KDE Frameworks 5.115.0 kde-frameworks/*-5.115.0 gentoo Stable for amd64, arm64, and x86; testing for arm, loong, ppc64 and riscv
KDE Frameworks 6.1.0 kde-frameworks/*-6.1.0 gentoo Masked, testing for amd64
KDE Frameworks 5 (kf5) branch kde-frameworks/*-5.239.9999 KDE Live version
KDE Frameworks 6 (master) branch kde-frameworks/*-9999 KDE Live version

더 많은 KDE 프로그램

대부분의 중요한 KDE 프로그램은 포티지 트리에 있고 kde-apps 카테고리와 kde-misc 카테고리에 있습니다.

Troubleshooting

Refer to the Troubleshooting sub-article.

추가 참조

외부 자료

References

  1. ↑ http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2014/03/system-tray-in-plasma-next/
  2. ↑ http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2014/06/where-are-my-systray-icons/
  3. ↑ https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=427912
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